Chapter 8 Confederation Review

What did Confederation do?

Created rules about Canadian society.

What was one of the issues with the rules of Confederation.

Excluded First Nations people as citizens of Canada.

British Columbia became a colony after which explorer travelled through the area?

George Vancouver

What is Chapter 8 about?

Confederation ie the making of Canada.

What is a territory?

A division of a country that doesn't have the full rights of a province. It doesn't govern itself but is governed by the federal government.

What is the definition of a colony?

A region claimed and governed by a country from another part of the world.

Which of Canada's current provinces are located where Rupert's Land was in 1867?

Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, part of Ontario, part of Quebec.

What was Confederation?

An agreement among some of the colonies of British North America to join together.

Why did the economy of the colony of British Columbia begin to change in 1857?

Because of the gold rush.

How did the construction of a railway between the Canada's and the Maritimes be see as an economic benefit for the Maritime provinces

Before the railway, the Maritime provinces traded with Britain and British colonies in the Caribbean based on trade by sea. They didn't trade with Canada East and West in the interior of North America due to lack of transport links. By building a railway, the Maritime provinces would then be able to trade with other parts of British North America.

Why did Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland decline to join Confederation?

Both Newfoundland and PEI thought there were more disadvantages than advantages from joining Confederation — especially from increased taxation.

Who took direct control of Newfoundland's affairs in the 1930s when the economy suffered due to the Great Depression?

Britain

World War II boosted Newfoundland's economy but what happened after the war?

Britain said it could no longer support Newfoundland so Newfoundland voted to join Confederation.

Give three reasons against Confederation.

1. Goodbye independence 2. Assimilation 3. The cost

Which colonies joined Confederation in 1867?

Quebec (Canada East) and Ontario (Canada West) , Nova Scotia and New Brunswick.

Protection against the American dream of a United North America.

- A United Canada could fund a stronger Military than individual colonies. - A United Canada could control the territories west of Canada West.

What did Canada promise PEI if they joined Confederation?

- Agreed to pay for the colonies railway. - Provide money to buy the island's farmland from its British owners. - Provide a year-round ferry service between the island and the mainland.

Who was George-Etienne Cartier?

- Born in Lower Canada - Did not want Canada to become a republic like the US - Wanted power for the provinces that would ensure protection of French language and the Catholic faith - Worked with Macdonald to found Confederation

Who was George Brown?

- Born in Scotland - Founded the Globe and Mail newspaper - Didn't support Confederation at first - Changed his mind as he wanted the colonies to control Rupert's Land and thought could do this if united as one country - Worried that Rupert's Land would be taken by the US

Who was John A. Macdonald?

- Born in Scotland - Wanted to create a nation that stretched from sea to sea and maintained ties with Britain - Wanted to grant provinces power that gave them some control over their affairs -Became Canada's first prime minister

Who was Etienne-Paschal Tache?

- Supported Confederation as he believed that Canadiens could best protect their French heritage by being part of a province of a United Canada - Led the alliance with John A Macdonald - The Great Coallition.

Politicians could finally get to work

- The new government of Canada would have representation by population. - There would now be more than two regional groups in the government.

French culture would finally be protected.

- The protection of French language, religion and culture would be guaranteed in the new country's constitution.

What caused the economic problems in PEI?

- They borrowed money to build a railway thinking that it would make the islands economy stronger. - The farmers didn't own the land they farmed. They rented it from people in Britain who owned it. So part of the islands earning every year was used to pay the rent.

Why did Newfoundland reject Confederation in 1867 and again in 1869?

- They were optimistic about their economic future. - They had a strong sense of their own identity

What were the rules of Confederation?

- To establish equality in Canada for the French and English languages - Create a partnership between Francophones and Anglophones. - Established a central government for Canada and provincial governments.

Money and land.

- Together the colonies could pool their resources to fund expensive infrastructure such as roads and railways. - The colonies could purchase Rupert's land from the Hudson's Bay Company.

Give five reasons for Confederation.

1. Politicians could finally get to work. 2. -French culture would finally be protected. 3. -Protection against the American dream of a United North America. 4. -Money and land 5. Trade challenges. (- means im memorizing them)

In what order did the provinces join the rest of Canada?

1867 - Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick 1870 - Manitoba 1871 - British Columbia 1873 - PEI 1905 - Alberta and Saskatchewan 1948 - Newfoundland

Trade Challenges

- A United Canada could create a strong trading partnership.

Which colonies were involved in the Confederation negotiations?

Canada West, Canada East, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland.

What did the BNA act do for First Nations people?

It excluded them. It made them a responsibility of the federal government.

Who represented Canada West and who represented Canada East?

John A MacDonald and George Brown represented Canada West George-Etienne Cartier and Etienne-Paschal Tache represented Canada East.

Who wrote the British North America Act (BNA Act)

John A. Macdonald, along with George-Étienne Cartier

When was the British North America Act (BNA Act) passed?

July 1st , 1867 in Britain.

Assimilation

Many French Canadians felt their culture, religion and language would be threatened if their colony joined with more British colonies,

Goodbye independence

Many people in the smaller colonies i.e. PEI, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, thought that they would lose political and economic power to the more populated Province of Canada.

The cost

Many people thought their taxes would increase to fund large scale infrastructure projects in colonies other than their own.

Which colonies DIDN'T join Confederation in 1867?

Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland.

Why did Canada hope PEI would join Confederation?

So that they wouldn't join with the US.

Key Points in the BNA Act

The BNA Act gave the federal government the power to make laws for the "peace, order and good government" of Canada. • The act created a division of powers between the federal government and the provincial governments. • The act established French and English as languages of Canada's parliament. • It guaranteed public schools for the Protestant minority in Québec, and for the Catholic minorities in the rest of Canada. • It gave the federal government the power to protect the rights of Catholic or Protestant minorities in any province in the future. • The BNA Act established representation by population for Canada's House of Commons. This gave Ontario the most seats in the House of Commons. • The act guaranteed the new government of Canada would pay for a railway linking the Maritimes with central Canada.

What act was written to establish Confederation?

The British North America Act (BNA act)

Which First Nations group in British Columbia fought for over 100 years to have its rights to land acknowledged by the British Columbian government?

The Nisga'a Nation.

What did the act create?

The act created the Dominion of Canada, formed from the former colonies of Canada.

How did the government of Canada convince British Columbia to join Confederation?

They agreed to pay off the colonies loans and to build a railway linking British Columbia to the four provinces of Canada in the east.

What did the colonies involved in Confederation negotiations not want?

They did not want to create a central government that took away the power of each region to make important decisions on its own.

Why did some colonists in British Columbia think that they should join the US rather than Canada?

They thought that the distance between British Columbia and the other four provinces of Canada too big.

What did the colonies involved in Confederation negotiations want?

They wanted to protect regional rights.

In what year where the First Nations people given the right to vote in Canada

They were given a conditional right to vote in 1867 as long as they gave up their traditional ways. They were given the right to vote unconditionally in 1960

Why did PEI join Confederation?

To solve its economic problems

Who were the four fathers (dudes) of Confederation?

Who were the four fathers of Confederation? John A. MacDonald George-Etienne Cartier George Brown Etienne-Paschal Tache