Chapter 8 Nervous System Study Guide
The resting potential of a neuron is
-70mv
pulling away from a painful stimulus is an example of a
withdrawal reflex
The_____ nervous system provides involuntary regulation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandular activity
autonomic
Which ion is needed to trigger the release of acetylcholine, via exocytosis, into the synaptic cleft?
calcium
the area anterior to the central sulcus is the
frontal lobe
The projections of gray matter extending through the white matter toward the outer surface of the spinal cord are called
horns
Most neurons in the brain are
multipolar
the visual cortex is located in the
occipital lobe
the visual cortex of the cerebrum is located in the
occipital lobe
the___ is the layer of the meninges that is in direct contact with the surface of the brain
piamater
which structure secrets melatonin
pineal gland
which ion passes through its membrane most easily when a neuron is at rest?
potassium
the primary motor cortex of the cerebrum is located in the
precentral gyrus
the automatic processing center responsible for programming and fine-tuning movements controlled at the conscious and subconscious levels is the
cerebellum
the part of the CNS that adjusts voluntary and involuntary motor activities on the basis of sensory info and stored memory of previous movements is the
cerebrum
what is the babinski effect?
curl fingers, in when touched in center
The branching structures that, together with the cell body, are sensitive to chemical, mechanical, or electrical stimulation are called
dendrites
Opening of voltage-gated sodium channels in the membrane of a neuron results in
depolarization
the specific region of the body monitored by each pair of spinal nerves is know as a
dermatome
the thalamus is the largest portion of which major brain region?
diencephala
the___ acts as a switching and relay center for integration of conscious and unconscious sensory information and motor commands.
diencephla
the cortex inferior to the lateral sulcus is the
temporal lobe
Bundles of CNS axons that share a common origin, destination, and function are called
tracts
monosynaptic reflexes
transmit info from sensory neurons
spinal nerves from the brachial plexus innervate the
upper limbs
Most neurons lack centrioles. This observation explains
why neurons cannot regenerate or divide
there are___ pairs of spinal nerves
31
The Brain and spinal cord are part of the
CNS
all of the nervous tissue outside of the central nervous system make up the
PNS
which neurotransmitters usually depolarizes postsynaptic neurons?
acetylcholine
The part of the peripheral nervous system that brings information to the central nervous system is the
afferent division
refers to the loss of memory from disease or trauma
amnesia
another name for the patellar relax is the
knee-jerk
the____ system establishes emotional states
limbic system
the two cerebral hemispheres are separated by the
longitudinal fissure
If Broca's area is damaged, what might result?
loss of speech
which structure contains cardiovascular and respiratory rhythmicity centers?
medula oblangata
