Chapter 8 Nervous System Study Guide

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The resting potential of a neuron is

-70mv

pulling away from a painful stimulus is an example of a

withdrawal reflex

The_____ nervous system provides involuntary regulation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandular activity

autonomic

Which ion is needed to trigger the release of acetylcholine, via exocytosis, into the synaptic cleft?

calcium

the area anterior to the central sulcus is the

frontal lobe

The projections of gray matter extending through the white matter toward the outer surface of the spinal cord are called

horns

Most neurons in the brain are

multipolar

the visual cortex is located in the

occipital lobe

the visual cortex of the cerebrum is located in the

occipital lobe

the___ is the layer of the meninges that is in direct contact with the surface of the brain

piamater

which structure secrets melatonin

pineal gland

which ion passes through its membrane most easily when a neuron is at rest?

potassium

the primary motor cortex of the cerebrum is located in the

precentral gyrus

the automatic processing center responsible for programming and fine-tuning movements controlled at the conscious and subconscious levels is the

cerebellum

the part of the CNS that adjusts voluntary and involuntary motor activities on the basis of sensory info and stored memory of previous movements is the

cerebrum

what is the babinski effect?

curl fingers, in when touched in center

The branching structures that, together with the cell body, are sensitive to chemical, mechanical, or electrical stimulation are called

dendrites

Opening of voltage-gated sodium channels in the membrane of a neuron results in

depolarization

the specific region of the body monitored by each pair of spinal nerves is know as a

dermatome

the thalamus is the largest portion of which major brain region?

diencephala

the___ acts as a switching and relay center for integration of conscious and unconscious sensory information and motor commands.

diencephla

the cortex inferior to the lateral sulcus is the

temporal lobe

Bundles of CNS axons that share a common origin, destination, and function are called

tracts

monosynaptic reflexes

transmit info from sensory neurons

spinal nerves from the brachial plexus innervate the

upper limbs

Most neurons lack centrioles. This observation explains

why neurons cannot regenerate or divide

there are___ pairs of spinal nerves

31

The Brain and spinal cord are part of the

CNS

all of the nervous tissue outside of the central nervous system make up the

PNS

which neurotransmitters usually depolarizes postsynaptic neurons?

acetylcholine

The part of the peripheral nervous system that brings information to the central nervous system is the

afferent division

refers to the loss of memory from disease or trauma

amnesia

another name for the patellar relax is the

knee-jerk

the____ system establishes emotional states

limbic system

the two cerebral hemispheres are separated by the

longitudinal fissure

If Broca's area is damaged, what might result?

loss of speech

which structure contains cardiovascular and respiratory rhythmicity centers?

medula oblangata


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