Chapter 8-North Africa.

What is an oasis and why might someone want to live near one?

A place in a desert where water can be found. People would want to live near one because water sources are not readily available in a desert climate.

Copts

Christian minority group in Egypt.

Book of the Dead

Collection of prayers and other writings meant to help the dead find their way to the afterlife.

GDP per Capita

Country's GDP divided by the number of people in the country.

Mummy

A body that has been preserved so it will not decompose.

Delta

A flat plain formed on the seabed where a river deposits materials.

Polytheists

Belief in multiple gods.

Describe the style of government in the following countries: Egypt, Algeria, and Morocco?

Egypt has a single party ruler (President). The opposition party is not allowed to run for office. It is non-democratic and very corrupt. The Egyptian government is also secular. The government in Algeria is very unstable and has rigged elections. Like Egypt, the government is also secular. After a civil war, the government is still plagued by terrorism. Morocco is the only country in North Africa with a king and it has a constitutional monarchy with an elected parliament. The people of Morocco enjoy some human rights, such as limited free speech and rights for women. The Moroccan government is also criticized for its occupation of Western Sahara.

List the Countries in North Africa?

Egypt, Libya, Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco, and Western Sahara.

Pharaoh

Egyptian word for kind.

What impact did European settlement in North Africa have and what did they bring with them?

European colonization caused North Africans to united under the idea of nationalism and begin to have independence movements. Europeans also brought their languages (French in Algeria), culture, and region.

Describe the difference between the GDP and GDP per Capita?

GDP is measuring the goods and services a country sell in a year (measure of wealth for country) while the GDP per Capita is the GDP divided by the total population (measure of wealth per person in the country.)

Theocracy

Government based on religion.

What is HDI and what does it measure?

HDI reflects a country's life expectancy, education, and income. It measures a country's standard of living.

what were some inventions by the ancient Egyptians?

Hieroglyphics, irrigation networks, papyrus, trade networks in Eastern Africa, mummification, advances in mathematics, astronomy, and engineering.

Pan-Arabism

Idea that all Arabic-speaking peoples should unite into one country.

Secularism

Idea that religion and government should be separate.

Berbers

Indigenous people of western N.Africa.

Muslim Brotherhood

Islamist political party.

What is a positive and Negative effect the Aswan High Dam?

It controls the Nile River floodings, generates electricity, and expands agriculture. Negatives include people had to move, and it led to the creation of Lake Nasser which has malaria carrying mosquitos. People also now have to rely on fertilizer to grow crops.

Describe what role the Book of the Dead played after an Egyptians Death?

It was a collection of prayers and other religions that was meant to be guide to help the dead find their way to the afterlife.

What two culture regions does North Africa belong to?

North Africa belongs to Arabic-speaking and Islamic culture regions.

Human Development Index

Number that reflects a country's life expectancy, education, income, and other factors.

Scribe

People trained to write.

Nomad

People who move from place to place without a permanent home.

Pictogram

Picture symbol.

List three environmental issues in North Africa?

Pollution from chemical fertilizer in the Nile Valley, malaria around Lake Nasser due to mosquitoes, desertification.

Describe the beliefs of polytheists?

Polytheists believe in multiple gods and goddesses.

What role did religion play in Egyptian art and literature?

Religion was the basis for all art and literature. Examples include the Book of the Dead, pictograms on Egyptian tombs.

How do Secularism and Islamism differ, and what conflicts do these differences cause in Egypt?

Secularism is the belief the religion and government should be separate while Islamism is the belief that government should be run accordion to Islamic law.

Hieroglphics

System of writing using pictures and symbols that was developed by Egyptians.

What impact did the arrival of Arabs have on North Africa?

The Arabs unified North Africa by bringing a common religion (Islam), culture, and language (Arabic) to the region.

Where do Copts live and what religon do they practice?

The Copts are a Christian minority group that live in Egypt.

Why was ancient Egypt called the " gift of the Nile"?

The Nile was the source of their civilization. it provided water and plants/food for the people who lived near it. Without the Nile, Egypt would not have been able to thrive.

Describe the Pan- Arabism and who started the movement?

The idea that all Arabic speaking people should united into one country. This idea was first started by Egyptian President Nasser.

What two roles did the Pharaoh play in the Egyptian government and what type of government did they have?

The pharaoh is the political leader (king) as well as the center of Egyptian religion (seen as a god). Egypt has a theocracy, which is a government based on religion.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Total value of all goods and services produced in a country in a year.

Describe Urbanization and why are people migrating to cities?

Urbanization is when people in an area move into cities and make the cities larger. People are moving to cities in search of jobs and higher standards of living.

Oasis

Water source in the middle of a desert.

Urbanization

When people into cities.