Chapter 8 Psych EC
It is estimated that delusional disorder affects _____ percent of the population.
0.2
Worldwide, _____ percent of the population will develop schizophrenia.
0.5 to 2
To meet diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia, symptoms must be present acutely and consistently for at least _____.
1 month
Within the United states, _____ percent of the population will develop schizophrenia at some time in their lives.
1 to 2
As many as _____ percent of people with schizophrenia has a history of perinatal hypoxia.
30
The concordance rate of schizophrenia for monozygotic twins is _____ percent.
46
What percentage of people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia commit suicide?
5 to 10
Of all children who have one parent with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, _____ percent will not develop the disorder.
87
Which of the following best reflects the thinking of researchers in terms of the neurodevelopment of schizophrenia and the role of perinatal hypoxia?
A genetic predisposition for schizophrenia interacts with perinatal hypoxia to produce schizophrenia.
Tess, who has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, has no facial expression, cannot purposefully plan and execute actions, and is not interested in socializing with others. Which of the following terms best apply to Tess? (Select all that apply.)
Asociality Avolition Restricted affect
Which of the following had the perspective that symptoms of schizophrenia involve the "breaking of associative threads"?
Bleuler
Schizophrenia is strongly linked to biological factors, but there are a number of social factors that influence its course. Which of the following are these social factors? (Select all that apply.)
Cross-cultural perspectives Family influences Effects of stress
Abdullah has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. When he discovers that the store across from his apartment is closing, he is certain that he caused the closure by not shopping there. What type of delusion is this?
Delusion of reference
Mary Jane, who has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, listens to her favorite radio program every day because she believes that the talk show host is sending her personal messages. Which type of delusion is this?
Delusion of reference
Which of the following diagnoses is most likely for a person who has delusions as his only symptom? These delusions have lasted for at least a month, and the person does not now and never has met the criteria for schizophrenia.
Delusional disorder
Which of the following are true? (Select all that apply.)
Delusions can occur with depression. Delusions can occur with bipolar disorder.
Which of the following are positive symptoms of schizophrenia? (Select all that apply.)
Disorganized speech Delusions Hallucinations
People with schizophrenia can at times display: (Check that apply.)
Disorganized thinking Problems Caring for themselves Disorganized speech
True or false: A person who is experiencing psychosis has contact with reality but has many odd beliefs.
False
True or false: Most people who are diagnosed with schizophrenia live in mental institutions.
False
True or false: Symptoms of schizophrenia and autism overlap; however, the main diagnostic difference is the presence of avolition and asociality in schizophrenia.
False
Which of the following people would statistically be most likely to be at risk for episodes of schizophrenia? (Select all that apply.)
First-generation immigrant Second-generation immigrant
Which of the following are components of restricted affect? (Select all that apply.)
Flat tone of voice Less communicative gestures Lack of facial expression Avoidance of eye contact
Which of the following are best classified as self-deceptions rather than delusions? (Select all that apply.)
I might win the lottery. I will qualify for the Olympics. I will be a published author.
Where do the majority of people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia live?
Independently or with families
Which of the following people coined the term dementia praecox?
Kraepelin
Which of the following are features of catatonia? (Select all that apply.)
Lack of response to instructions Not speaking Odd rigid or poses that may be held for a long time
What is an explanation for the observation that the brain abnormalities associated with schizophrenia seem not to affect women's language and thought as much as they do men's?
Language is controlled by both sides of the brain in women.
Which of the following periods represent the most common time of the onset of psychotic disorders? (Select all that apply.)
Late teens Early adulthood
Which of the following technologies can be used to examine the brain for evidence of schizophrenia? (Select all that apply.)
MRI CAT scan PET
Which of the following are hypotheses for why there are gender differences in the course of schizophrenia?
Males may be at higher risk because prenatal brain development is slower in males. Estrogen may be implicated.
Which of the following two categories represent the highest risk of developing schizophrenia? (Select all that apply.)
Monozygotic twins when one of the twins has been diagnosed with schizophrenia Children of two parents and the parents have diagnoses of schizophrenia
It appears that culture plays a role in the course of schizophrenia. In which of the following countries would a person with this diagnosis be least disabled in the long term?
Nigeria
Malcolm has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. He is quite certain that the FBI has tapped his phone and entered his mind. Which type of delusion is he most likely experiencing?
Persecutory
Excess levels of dopamine in which part of the brain has been implicated in the development of schizophrenia?
Prefrontal cortex
Which of the following are psychotic disorders? (Select all that apply.)
Schizophreniform disorder Schizoaffective disorder Schizophrenia
Which of the following are components of the biological theories on schizophrenia? (Select all that apply.)
Structural and functional brain abnormalities Genetic transmission Prenatal exposure to viruses Neurotransmitter abnormalities History of birth complications
Which of the following are typical of self-deception but not typical of delusions? (Select all that apply.)
The person acknowledges that he or she might be wrong. Thoughts are likely to be wrong but are not impossible. The thoughts might be considered occasionally.
Which of the following are common when a person has a diagnosis of schizotypal personality disorder? (Select all that apply.)
They do not have a strong sense of self. They have a lifelong pattern of oddity. They have trouble setting clear goals.
True or false: Another term for loosening of associations is derailment.
True
Samuel has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. His parents first knew something was wrong when he announced that he was an archangel in the service of the Angel Gabriel. The best description of this is it is _____.
a delusion
Monique, who has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, often reports smelling a burning smell, but the fire department and her family members do not smell it. The best description of this is _____.
a hallucination
Asociality should be diagnosed only when the person has _____.
access to welcoming family and friends but has no interest in socializing
In the _____ phase of schizophrenia, the symptoms must be consistently and actively present.
acute
Restricted ______________ refers to a severe reduction or absence in the expression of emotion in people with schizophrenia.
affect
Which of the following hallucinations is the most common in psychotic disorders?
auditory
Charlotte has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, and her psychologist notes that she demonstrates some negative symptoms. Among them is her lack of initiative and not wanting to take any behavioral action. The technical term for this is _____.
avolition
Which of the following are negative symptoms of schizophrenia? (Select all that apply.)
avolition restricted effect
Research has shown that the life expectancy of a person with a diagnosis of schizophrenia is _____.
between 10 and 20 years shorter than that of people without schizophrenia
In _____________ psychotic disorder, individuals have symptoms of schizophrenia for 1 month or less.
brief
The term _________ describes disorganized behavior that reflects unresponsiveness to ones environment
catatonia
Marja, a person diagnosed with schizophrenia, sometimes becomes wildly agitated for no apparent reason. The best description of this is _____.
catatonic excitement
Damien's family often remarks on how Damien uses language. He has been diagnosed with schizophrenia and might say something like "I will buy a sky high pie and cry." The best description of this is that it is ____________.
clang
A(n) ______ in schizophrenia is a deeply entrenched false belief not consistent with the client's intelligence or cultural background.
delusion
Astrid, who has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, is certain that her thinking is controlled by her aunt, who lives several blocks away from her. Which of the following delusions is Astrid having?
delusion of thought insertion
A person diagnosed with _______ disorder has delusions that have lasted for at least 1 month but has no other symptoms of schizophrenia.
delusional
Symptoms of schizophrenia can be confused with symptoms of autism spectrum disorders. Schizophrenia can be differentially diagnosed if _____.
delusions and/or hallucinations are present
The concordance rate for schizophrenia in ____________ twins is 14 percent.
dizygotic
A study of monozygotic (MZ) twins discordant for schizophrenia (one twin had schizophrenia, the other twin did not) found differences on genes regulating which neurotransmitter?
dopamine
One of the earliest discoveries to emerge from neuroimaging methods was that the brains of people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia have ____________ ventricles.
enlarged
Pregnant women are more likely to contract influenza at critical phases of fetal development if they are pregnant during the _____.
fall and winter months
The disorganized thinking of people with schizophrenia is often referred to as a _________ thought disorder.
formal
A delusion where a person believes he is a god is best characterized as a ___________ delusion.
grandiose
The most consistent finding in the brain of a person with a diagnosis of schizophrenia is a reduction in the ________________ matter in the cortex.
gray
Functioning in a person with a diagnosis of schizophrenia _____.
improves in both men and women with age.
The DSM-5 lists psychotic disorders that are similar to but not as severe as schizophrenia in what is referred to as the schizophrenia spectrum. They are listed _____.
in order of severity
The thought process underlying disorganized speech present in those with schizophrenia reflects _____.
loosening of associations
A neologism describes a situation in which a person _____.
makes up words that mean something only to him or her
Schizophrenia tends to have a _____.
more benign course in developing countries.
The ______ symptoms of schizophrenia are less responsive to medication.
negative
Taylor has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. She often uses unusual words that only she knows the meaning of, such as "sclabberdy." This is an example of _____.
neologism
Adoption studies have shown that adoptive relatives of adoptees with schizophrenia had _____.
no increased risk for the disorder
The term perinatal hypoxia refers to ________ deprivation at birth or in the first few weeks before or after birth.
oxygen
Which of the following type of delusion is most common in schizophrenia?
persecutory delusions
Symptoms that a person experiences during the active phase of schizophrenia fall into a category described as ________ because they represent overt expressions of unusual perceptions, thoughts, and behaviors.
positive symptoms
The ______ phase of schizophrenia is the phase that occurs before the
prodromal
If someone is unable to tell the difference between what is real and what is not, they are experiencing ___________
psychosis
The broad category of the mental illness known as _________________ includes disorders such as schizophrenia in which people experience a distorted perception of reality and impairment in thinking, behavior, affect, and motivation.
psychosis
What is the core diagnostic symptom of schizophrenia?
psychosis
International studies show that nations spend up to 3 percent of their health care budgets treating people with _____________ disorders.
psychotic
The DSM-5 uses a schizophrenia spectrum to classify _________________ disorders.
psychotic
Researchers have discovered that there is a connection between stress and the ____________ rate in schizophrenia.
relapse
After a person has experienced the acute phase of schizophrenia, they may enter the __________ symptoms phase.
residual
Connie has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. She frequently exhibits negative symptoms such as _____. (Select all that apply.)
restricted affect asociality avolition
A diagnosis of ________ disorder is made when a person has a mood disorder as well as psychotic symptoms.
schizoaffective
A person with a diagnosis of _____ has a lifetime pattern of odd beliefs and behaviors.
schizotypal personality disorder
The ________________ trimester of pregnancy is a crucial period for central nervous system development in the fetus.
second
Visual hallucinations are the _____ type of hallucination.
second most common
Research has found that influenza is a significant factor in the prenatal effects of the development of schizophrenia, particularly during the _____.
second trimester
Research has found that more individuals with diagnoses of schizophrenia live in poorer sections of urban areas. The _____ _____ hypothesis interprets this finding to mean that the disorder drives people into poverty.
social drift
A(n) _____ hallucination involves the perception that something is happening inside the person's body.
somatic
The schizophrenia ______________- is a continuum of psychotic disorders that are similar to but not as severe as schizophrenia.
spectrum
People diagnosed with schizophrenia are more likely to be born in the _____ months of the year.
spring
A(n) _____ hallucination involves the perception that something is happening to the outside of a person's body.
tactile
One potential explanation for improved functioning with age related to schizophrenia is
the ability to find treatments that help individuals stabilize.
The DSM-5 refers to the schizophrenia spectrum, reflecting the fact that _____.
there are five domains of symptoms and their number, severity, and duration distinguish them from each other
Leslie has been diagnosed with schizophrenia and believes that her thoughts are provided by the person in an air control tower near her house. This is an example of a delusion of _______ ________
thought insertion
To be diagnosed with schizophrenia, an individual must show ______ or more symptoms of psychosis.
two
International studies show that nations spend ____ percent of their health care budgets treating psychosis.
up to 3
Epidemiological studies have shown high rates of schizophrenia among persons whose mothers _____.
were exposed to viral infections while pregnant