Chapter 8 Psych EC

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It is estimated that delusional disorder affects _____ percent of the population.

0.2

Worldwide, _____ percent of the population will develop schizophrenia.

0.5 to 2

To meet diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia, symptoms must be present acutely and consistently for at least _____.

1 month

Within the United states, _____ percent of the population will develop schizophrenia at some time in their lives.

1 to 2

As many as _____ percent of people with schizophrenia has a history of perinatal hypoxia.

30

The concordance rate of schizophrenia for monozygotic twins is _____ percent.

46

What percentage of people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia commit suicide?

5 to 10

Of all children who have one parent with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, _____ percent will not develop the disorder.

87

Which of the following best reflects the thinking of researchers in terms of the neurodevelopment of schizophrenia and the role of perinatal hypoxia?

A genetic predisposition for schizophrenia interacts with perinatal hypoxia to produce schizophrenia.

Tess, who has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, has no facial expression, cannot purposefully plan and execute actions, and is not interested in socializing with others. Which of the following terms best apply to Tess? (Select all that apply.)

Asociality Avolition Restricted affect

Which of the following had the perspective that symptoms of schizophrenia involve the "breaking of associative threads"?

Bleuler

Schizophrenia is strongly linked to biological factors, but there are a number of social factors that influence its course. Which of the following are these social factors? (Select all that apply.)

Cross-cultural perspectives Family influences Effects of stress

Abdullah has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. When he discovers that the store across from his apartment is closing, he is certain that he caused the closure by not shopping there. What type of delusion is this?

Delusion of reference

Mary Jane, who has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, listens to her favorite radio program every day because she believes that the talk show host is sending her personal messages. Which type of delusion is this?

Delusion of reference

Which of the following diagnoses is most likely for a person who has delusions as his only symptom? These delusions have lasted for at least a month, and the person does not now and never has met the criteria for schizophrenia.

Delusional disorder

Which of the following are true? (Select all that apply.)

Delusions can occur with depression. Delusions can occur with bipolar disorder.

Which of the following are positive symptoms of schizophrenia? (Select all that apply.)

Disorganized speech Delusions Hallucinations

People with schizophrenia can at times display: (Check that apply.)

Disorganized thinking Problems Caring for themselves Disorganized speech

True or false: A person who is experiencing psychosis has contact with reality but has many odd beliefs.

False

True or false: Most people who are diagnosed with schizophrenia live in mental institutions.

False

True or false: Symptoms of schizophrenia and autism overlap; however, the main diagnostic difference is the presence of avolition and asociality in schizophrenia.

False

Which of the following people would statistically be most likely to be at risk for episodes of schizophrenia? (Select all that apply.)

First-generation immigrant Second-generation immigrant

Which of the following are components of restricted affect? (Select all that apply.)

Flat tone of voice Less communicative gestures Lack of facial expression Avoidance of eye contact

Which of the following are best classified as self-deceptions rather than delusions? (Select all that apply.)

I might win the lottery. I will qualify for the Olympics. I will be a published author.

Where do the majority of people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia live?

Independently or with families

Which of the following people coined the term dementia praecox?

Kraepelin

Which of the following are features of catatonia? (Select all that apply.)

Lack of response to instructions Not speaking Odd rigid or poses that may be held for a long time

What is an explanation for the observation that the brain abnormalities associated with schizophrenia seem not to affect women's language and thought as much as they do men's?

Language is controlled by both sides of the brain in women.

Which of the following periods represent the most common time of the onset of psychotic disorders? (Select all that apply.)

Late teens Early adulthood

Which of the following technologies can be used to examine the brain for evidence of schizophrenia? (Select all that apply.)

MRI CAT scan PET

Which of the following are hypotheses for why there are gender differences in the course of schizophrenia?

Males may be at higher risk because prenatal brain development is slower in males. Estrogen may be implicated.

Which of the following two categories represent the highest risk of developing schizophrenia? (Select all that apply.)

Monozygotic twins when one of the twins has been diagnosed with schizophrenia Children of two parents and the parents have diagnoses of schizophrenia

It appears that culture plays a role in the course of schizophrenia. In which of the following countries would a person with this diagnosis be least disabled in the long term?

Nigeria

Malcolm has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. He is quite certain that the FBI has tapped his phone and entered his mind. Which type of delusion is he most likely experiencing?

Persecutory

Excess levels of dopamine in which part of the brain has been implicated in the development of schizophrenia?

Prefrontal cortex

Which of the following are psychotic disorders? (Select all that apply.)

Schizophreniform disorder Schizoaffective disorder Schizophrenia

Which of the following are components of the biological theories on schizophrenia? (Select all that apply.)

Structural and functional brain abnormalities Genetic transmission Prenatal exposure to viruses Neurotransmitter abnormalities History of birth complications

Which of the following are typical of self-deception but not typical of delusions? (Select all that apply.)

The person acknowledges that he or she might be wrong. Thoughts are likely to be wrong but are not impossible. The thoughts might be considered occasionally.

Which of the following are common when a person has a diagnosis of schizotypal personality disorder? (Select all that apply.)

They do not have a strong sense of self. They have a lifelong pattern of oddity. They have trouble setting clear goals.

True or false: Another term for loosening of associations is derailment.

True

Samuel has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. His parents first knew something was wrong when he announced that he was an archangel in the service of the Angel Gabriel. The best description of this is it is _____.

a delusion

Monique, who has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, often reports smelling a burning smell, but the fire department and her family members do not smell it. The best description of this is _____.

a hallucination

Asociality should be diagnosed only when the person has _____.

access to welcoming family and friends but has no interest in socializing

In the _____ phase of schizophrenia, the symptoms must be consistently and actively present.

acute

Restricted ______________ refers to a severe reduction or absence in the expression of emotion in people with schizophrenia.

affect

Which of the following hallucinations is the most common in psychotic disorders?

auditory

Charlotte has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, and her psychologist notes that she demonstrates some negative symptoms. Among them is her lack of initiative and not wanting to take any behavioral action. The technical term for this is _____.

avolition

Which of the following are negative symptoms of schizophrenia? (Select all that apply.)

avolition restricted effect

Research has shown that the life expectancy of a person with a diagnosis of schizophrenia is _____.

between 10 and 20 years shorter than that of people without schizophrenia

In _____________ psychotic disorder, individuals have symptoms of schizophrenia for 1 month or less.

brief

The term _________ describes disorganized behavior that reflects unresponsiveness to ones environment

catatonia

Marja, a person diagnosed with schizophrenia, sometimes becomes wildly agitated for no apparent reason. The best description of this is _____.

catatonic excitement

Damien's family often remarks on how Damien uses language. He has been diagnosed with schizophrenia and might say something like "I will buy a sky high pie and cry." The best description of this is that it is ____________.

clang

A(n) ______ in schizophrenia is a deeply entrenched false belief not consistent with the client's intelligence or cultural background.

delusion

Astrid, who has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, is certain that her thinking is controlled by her aunt, who lives several blocks away from her. Which of the following delusions is Astrid having?

delusion of thought insertion

A person diagnosed with _______ disorder has delusions that have lasted for at least 1 month but has no other symptoms of schizophrenia.

delusional

Symptoms of schizophrenia can be confused with symptoms of autism spectrum disorders. Schizophrenia can be differentially diagnosed if _____.

delusions and/or hallucinations are present

The concordance rate for schizophrenia in ____________ twins is 14 percent.

dizygotic

A study of monozygotic (MZ) twins discordant for schizophrenia (one twin had schizophrenia, the other twin did not) found differences on genes regulating which neurotransmitter?

dopamine

One of the earliest discoveries to emerge from neuroimaging methods was that the brains of people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia have ____________ ventricles.

enlarged

Pregnant women are more likely to contract influenza at critical phases of fetal development if they are pregnant during the _____.

fall and winter months

The disorganized thinking of people with schizophrenia is often referred to as a _________ thought disorder.

formal

A delusion where a person believes he is a god is best characterized as a ___________ delusion.

grandiose

The most consistent finding in the brain of a person with a diagnosis of schizophrenia is a reduction in the ________________ matter in the cortex.

gray

Functioning in a person with a diagnosis of schizophrenia _____.

improves in both men and women with age.

The DSM-5 lists psychotic disorders that are similar to but not as severe as schizophrenia in what is referred to as the schizophrenia spectrum. They are listed _____.

in order of severity

The thought process underlying disorganized speech present in those with schizophrenia reflects _____.

loosening of associations

A neologism describes a situation in which a person _____.

makes up words that mean something only to him or her

Schizophrenia tends to have a _____.

more benign course in developing countries.

The ______ symptoms of schizophrenia are less responsive to medication.

negative

Taylor has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. She often uses unusual words that only she knows the meaning of, such as "sclabberdy." This is an example of _____.

neologism

Adoption studies have shown that adoptive relatives of adoptees with schizophrenia had _____.

no increased risk for the disorder

The term perinatal hypoxia refers to ________ deprivation at birth or in the first few weeks before or after birth.

oxygen

Which of the following type of delusion is most common in schizophrenia?

persecutory delusions

Symptoms that a person experiences during the active phase of schizophrenia fall into a category described as ________ because they represent overt expressions of unusual perceptions, thoughts, and behaviors.

positive symptoms

The ______ phase of schizophrenia is the phase that occurs before the

prodromal

If someone is unable to tell the difference between what is real and what is not, they are experiencing ___________

psychosis

The broad category of the mental illness known as _________________ includes disorders such as schizophrenia in which people experience a distorted perception of reality and impairment in thinking, behavior, affect, and motivation.

psychosis

What is the core diagnostic symptom of schizophrenia?

psychosis

International studies show that nations spend up to 3 percent of their health care budgets treating people with _____________ disorders.

psychotic

The DSM-5 uses a schizophrenia spectrum to classify _________________ disorders.

psychotic

Researchers have discovered that there is a connection between stress and the ____________ rate in schizophrenia.

relapse

After a person has experienced the acute phase of schizophrenia, they may enter the __________ symptoms phase.

residual

Connie has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. She frequently exhibits negative symptoms such as _____. (Select all that apply.)

restricted affect asociality avolition

A diagnosis of ________ disorder is made when a person has a mood disorder as well as psychotic symptoms.

schizoaffective

A person with a diagnosis of _____ has a lifetime pattern of odd beliefs and behaviors.

schizotypal personality disorder

The ________________ trimester of pregnancy is a crucial period for central nervous system development in the fetus.

second

Visual hallucinations are the _____ type of hallucination.

second most common

Research has found that influenza is a significant factor in the prenatal effects of the development of schizophrenia, particularly during the _____.

second trimester

Research has found that more individuals with diagnoses of schizophrenia live in poorer sections of urban areas. The _____ _____ hypothesis interprets this finding to mean that the disorder drives people into poverty.

social drift

A(n) _____ hallucination involves the perception that something is happening inside the person's body.

somatic

The schizophrenia ______________- is a continuum of psychotic disorders that are similar to but not as severe as schizophrenia.

spectrum

People diagnosed with schizophrenia are more likely to be born in the _____ months of the year.

spring

A(n) _____ hallucination involves the perception that something is happening to the outside of a person's body.

tactile

One potential explanation for improved functioning with age related to schizophrenia is

the ability to find treatments that help individuals stabilize.

The DSM-5 refers to the schizophrenia spectrum, reflecting the fact that _____.

there are five domains of symptoms and their number, severity, and duration distinguish them from each other

Leslie has been diagnosed with schizophrenia and believes that her thoughts are provided by the person in an air control tower near her house. This is an example of a delusion of _______ ________

thought insertion

To be diagnosed with schizophrenia, an individual must show ______ or more symptoms of psychosis.

two

International studies show that nations spend ____ percent of their health care budgets treating psychosis.

up to 3

Epidemiological studies have shown high rates of schizophrenia among persons whose mothers _____.

were exposed to viral infections while pregnant


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