Chapter 8 Quiz

Although the 2011 Japanese tsunami killed over 19,000 people, many more people would have likely died if not for _________________. A) the tsunami warning system B) the construction of high walls along much of the coastline C) the construction of huge metal gates at the entrance to some harbors D) all of the choices

D) all of the choices

The destructive powers of tsunami result mainly from their ___________________. A) incredible height B) unpredictability C) cold water D) momentum and long wavelength E) none of these choices

D) momentum and long wavelength

The largest wave during a tsunami event is __________________. A) the first B) the third C) the fifth D) unpredictable, it could be any of them E) none, they are all about the same size

D) unpredictable, it could be any of them

True or False country with the most detailed history of killer waves is China (pg 209)

False (Japan)

Most of the 245,000 deaths from the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami occurred in _______. (pg 215) A. Thailand B. Sri Lanka C. India D. Bangladesh E. Indonesia

Indonesia

The great 1700 earthquake along the British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon coastline sent killer tsunami to ___________. A. Japan B. Hawaii C. Alaska D. Australia E. Chile

Japan

The great 1960 Chile earthquake (M 9.5) unleashed a tsunami that killed over 1,000 Chileans. These waves also killed 61 people in Hilo, Hawaii, 14 hours after the earthquake, and another 185 people in ________, 22.5 hours after the earthquake. A. California B. Alaska C. Japan D. Australia E. the Philippines

Japan

The largest historic tsunami wave run-up ever recorded was caused by a massive rockfall into the water at ________________. A. Kilauea, Hawaii B. Lituya Bay, Alaska C. Crescent City, California D. Arica, Chile E. Gibraltar

Lituya Bay, Alaska

True or False Most waves are created by frictional drag of wind blowing across the water surface

True

True or False earthquakes not only generated tsunami directly, but their energy can trigger the movement of large masses of rock or sand whose kinetic energy causes tsunami.

True

True or False tsunamis most commonly created during earthquakes, more specifically subsea fault movements with pronounced vertical offsets of the seafloor that disturb the deep ocean water mass

True

The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was generated by a magnitude 9.2 earthquake along __________ off the shore of Sumatra. (pg 215) A. a subduction zone B. a seafloor spreading center C. an oceanic transform fault D. a continental rift zone E. a hotspot island chain

a subduction zone

In 1959, the water stored behind Hegben Lake Dam in Montana began to slosh violently back and forth in a series of oscillating waves. These seiches were caused by __________________. A. the collapse of the dam B. a large landslide into the lake C. a small meteor crashing into the lake D. a freight train plunging off a track and into the lake E. a sudden drop of the lake bottom during an earthquake

a sudden drop of the lake bottom during an earthquake

The deadly 1992 tsunami in Papua New Guinea was caused by ________. A. uplift of the seafloor during an earthquake B. volcanic flank collapse triggered by an earthquake C. volcanic flank collapse triggered by an eruption D. an undersea landslide triggered by an earthquake E. an undersea landslide triggered by a volcanic eruption

an undersea landslide triggered by an earthquake

Fault movement of the seafloor that generate large earthquakes may also cause powerful tsunami

earthquake caused tsunami

causes of tsunamis

earthquake, volcanoes, landslide, seiches

What are the causes of tsunami?

earthquake, volcanoes, mass movements, impacts and impacts, largest by rarest events impacts of high-velocity asteroids and comets

The distance that the wind has traveled across open water

fetch

In 1964, 12 people were killed during a tsunami at Crescent City, California. All of these fatalities were caused by the _______ wave, which was the highest in the series. A. first B. second C. third D. fourth E. fifth

fifth

Tsunami is a Japanese word that means __________________. (pg 209) A. big wave B. killer wave C. dragon wave D. harbor wave E. island wave

harbor wave

Tsunami are created by big "splashes" made in the deep ocean by all but which of the following? A. fault movements B. volcanic eruptions C. landslides D. hurricanes E. meteor impacts

hurricanes

Tsunami typically have _________________________ relative to wind-blown waves. A. short periods and short wavelengths B. short periods and long wavelengths C. long periods and short wavelengths D. long periods and long wavelengths E. long periods and no measurable wavelength

long periods and long wavelengths

various waves become briefly synchronized with their energies untied to form a spectacular tall wave (pg 208)

rouge waves

Modern tsunami warning systems make use of _________________. A. sea surface buoys B. ocean bottom pressure sensors C. radio reports from ships in the open ocean D. All of these choices are correct. E. sea surface buoys and ocean bottom pressure sensors only F. sea surface buoys and radio reports from ships in the open ocean only

sea surface buoys and ocean bottom pressure sensors only

The result of the constructive and destructive interference of multiple sets of ocean waves (pg 208)

sea swell

A ____________ is an oscillating wave that sloshes back and forth within an enclosed body of waters such as a sea, bay, lake, or swimming pool. A. sake B. slashe C. serape D. seiche E. seraglio

seiche

oscillating waves that slosh back and forth within an enclosed body of water.

seiches

Detailed mapping of the ocean bottom around the Hawaiian Islands revealed a previously unrecognized tsunami source. What did geologists discover on the seafloor in this area? (pg219) A. a major undersea volcano B. a huge undersea meteor crater C. a deep ocean trench along a subduction zone D. a system of major oceanic transform faults E. slumps and debris avalanches formed by volcanic flank collapse

slumps and debris avalanches formed by volcanic flank collapse

Earthquake-related tsunami are created by sub-sea fault movements with pronounced vertical offsets of the sea floor. Such movements occur most commonly along __________________. A. oceanic transform faults B. seafloor spreading centers C. subduction zones D. continental rift zones E. hotspot island chains

subduction zones

Prior to the 2004 event, the last major tsunami in the Indian Ocean struck in 1883 and killed about 36,000 people. This tsunami was caused by _________________. (pg 215) A. a massive undersea landslide near Sri Lanka B. the collapse of Indonesia's Krakatoa volcano C. a large earthquake off the coast of Sumatra D. massive eruption of Toba E. a meteor that struck in the central Indian Ocean

the collapse of Indonesia's Krakatoa volcano

The captain of a ship tells you that he once experienced a huge tsunami while sailing in the Pacific Ocean several hundred miles from any landmass. You decide that this sounds a little farfetched because __________________. A. tsunami usually occur only in the Indian Ocean and Caribbean Sea B. tsunami are rarely felt in deep water because they have long wavelengths and low heights C. the ship could not have survived passing through a major tsunami in the open ocean D. earthquakes do not occur in deep ocean waters E. the captain did not describe any tremors or shaking associated with an earthquake

tsunami are rarely felt in deep water because they have long wavelengths and low heights

Geologists have shown that the east coast of the United States faces a serious tsunami threat from ________. A. large earthquakes offshore of Portugal B. volcanic flank collapse in the Canary Islands C. break up of Antarctic ice shelves D. meteor impact in the Mediterranean Sea E. landslides along the white cliffs of Dover

volcanic flank collapse in the Canary Islands

In 1868, the USS Wateree was carried several miles inland by a tsunami along the coast of ______. A. Baja California B. Alaska C. Hawaii D. Mexico E. Chile

Chile

In the open ocean, tsunami can travel ________ miles per hour with periods up to _________ minutes. A) 50; 20 B) 50; 60 C) 485; 20 D) 485; 60 E) 670; 60

D) 485; 60

In which of the following scenarios would tsunami tend to have the greatest destructive power? A) A section of a linear coastline where the bottom of the ocean dips gently near the coast. B) A section of a linear coastline where the bottom of the ocean dips steeply near the coast. C) A section of a coastline where there is a harbor and the bottom of the ocean bottom dips gently. D) A section of a coastline where there is a harbor and the bottom of the ocean bottom dips steeply. E) Tsunami would have the same destructive power in all of the conditions listed above.

D) A section of a coastline where there is a harbor and the bottom of the ocean bottom dips steeply.

Which event produces the biggest tsunami? A) Earthquake B) Underwater landslides C) Hurricanes D) Impacts of asteroids and comets E) Volcanoes

D) Impacts of asteroids and comets

A tsunamic event can begin with a drawdown or retreat if the ____________________ of the wave arrives first. A) Top B) Right Side C) Left Side D) Trough

D) Trough

Tsunami are deadly natural hazards that commonly are generated by _________________. A) fault motion with vertical offset under the sea B) fault movements on land during which there is vertical offset C) tides produced by gravitational attraction between the Earth and the Moon D) hurricanes E) fault movements on land in which there is horizontal offset only

A) fault motion with vertical offset under the sea (during which there is vertical offset)

An event similar to a tsunami that can occur in lakes due to avalanches, earthquakes, and other mechanisms is called a ____________________. A) seiche B) splash C) slosh D) tidal wave E) flood

A) seiche

The 1946 April Fool's Day tsunami at Hilo, Hawaii, was caused by an earthquake in ________. (217) A. California B. Alaska C. Hawaii D. Mexico E. Chile

Alaska

The 1964 tsunami that killed 12 people at Crescent City, California, was caused by a major earthquake in _______________. A. Japan B. Hawaii C. Alaska D. Washington E. Chile

Alaska

The Pacific Ocean has an average depth of about 5,500 meters, which yields a theoretical deep-ocean tsunami velocity of about _________ meters per second. A) 2.3 B) 23 C) 230 D) 2300 E) 23,000

C) 230

Powerful tsunami are most frequently produced by _________. A) volcanoes B) underwater landslides C) Earthquakes D) impacts of asteroids E) storms

C) Earthquakes

Tsunami arrive as a series of several waves separated by periods typically in the _________ range. A. 1-6 second B. 10-60 second C. 1-6 minute D. 10-60 minute E. 1-6 hour

10-60 minute

The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami killed an estimated 245,000 people in ____ countries. (204) (13 in original text says 14) A. 5 B. 14 C. 8 D. 18 E. 25

14

Most tsunami travel at speeds of ____________ miles per hour. A. 4.2-4.8 B. 42-48 C. 420-480 D. 4200-4800 E. 42,000-48,000

420-480

Tsunami wavelengths can be as great as ____________. A. 840 m B. 8400 m C. 84 km D. 840 km E. 8400 km

840 km

The great 1964 Alaska earthquake (M 9.2) set off a tsunami that killed 122 people along the state's sparsely populated coastline. This tsunami also killed 12 people in the state of _________. A. Hawaii B. Washington C. Oregon D. California E. Texas

California

Tsunami are typically about _____ high in the open ocean, and 6-15 m high on reaching shallow water. A. 0.1 m B. 1 m C. 5 m D. 20 m E. 30 m

1 m

How tall a wave is depends on? (p207)

1) velocity of wind, 2) duration of time the wind blows, 3) length of water surface (fetch) then wind blows across, 4) consistency of wind direction