Chapter 8 Smart Book
A research review concluded that there may be more than ______ genes that affect intelligence.
1,000
People with an IQ of ______ have a mental age that is identical to their chronological age.
100
By what age should an infant be able to inhibit behavior when commanded by an examiner, as demonstrated in the Bayley Scales of Infant Development?
12 months of age
About ______ million Americans fit under the definition of intellectual disability.
5
An intellectual disability is a condition of limited mental ability in which the individual has which three of the following characteristics? (Choose every correct answer.)
A low IQ, usually below 70 First exhibits characteristics by age 18 Difficulty adapting to the demands of everyday life
Which of the following statements is true regarding the identification of giftedness?
A person could be considered gifted if he or she has intellectual superiority and academic aptitude.
The Bayley-III includes which of the following scales? (Select all that apply)
Adaptive Motor Language Socioemotional Cognitive
Which of the following is the best example of stereotype threat?
African American students do as well as White students on standardized tests as long as they think that the test does not count.
Who is credited with the development of the first intelligence test?
Alfred Binet
______ intelligence refers to the ability to analyze, judge, evaluate, compare, and contrast.
Analytical
Of the following IQ scores, which is associated with a diagnosis of intellectual disability on a traditional intelligence test?
Below 70
Which of the following statements about stability and change in intelligence during childhood is accurate?
Children have the capacity for intellectual change.
______ is the ability to think in novel and unusual ways and to come up with unique solutions to problems.
Creativity
A test that has questions familiar to children from all socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds is an example of what type of test?
Culture-fair
Which factors did Robert J. Sternberg consider to be part of the definition of intelligence? (Choose every correct answer.)
Developing strategies to improve shortcomings Ability to adapt, shape, and select environments Weighing options carefully
__________ intelligence emphasizes interpersonal, intrapersonal, and practical aspects of intelligence.
Emotional
Which of the following would be LEAST likely of a creative thinker?
Externally motivated by positive feedback from others
True or false: On Binet's test, a person's mental age is always the same as his or her chronological age.
False
True or false: Researchers have found that there is a significant difference in the average correlations between the IQs for identical and fraternal twins.
False
True or false: What is found about intellectual decline is the same whether data are collected cross-sectionally or longitudinally.
False
Which of the following are characteristics of creative thinkers? (Select all that apply)
Flexible Inwardly motivated Playful
Which of the following is NOT one of the criteria identified by Ellen Winner (1996) to characterize gifted children?
Gifted children are more introverted than other children.
Which of the following is a characteristic of gifted children?
Gifted children need minimal help from adults to learn in some areas.
Classification of intellectual disability as mild, moderate, severe, or profound is based on:
IQ score
Binet felt intelligence consists of complex cognitive processes including which of the following? (Select all that apply)
Imagery Comprehension Judgment Memory
Which of the following are the five steps of the creative process?
Insight Preparation Evaluation Elaboration Incubation
Which of the following concepts encompasses problem-solving skills and the ability to learn from and adapt to experiences?
Intelligence
_________ quotient is a person's mental age divided by chronological age, multiplied by one hundred.
Intelligence
Which of the following are true of how intelligence is evaluated? (Select all that apply)
It must be evaluated independently. It is generally measured by an intelligence test.
_________ age is Binet's measure of an individual's level of intellectual development compared with that of others.
Mental
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding creativity and intelligence?
Most intelligent people are considered to be very creative.
Why are most tests not considered culture-fair?
Most tests tend to reflect what the dominant culture deems important.
Which of the following factors is LEAST responsible for the decline in creativity in U.S. children?
Participation in organized sports
Which of the following is NOT one of the five scales in the Bayley-III?
Personal-social
Identify the classifications of support required for a person with an intellectual disability to function at the highest level. (Select all that apply)
Pervasive Intermittent Extensive Limited
______ intelligence involves the ability to use, apply, and implement ideas.
Practical
Which of the following types of intelligence do NOT conform to the patterns favored in conventional schooling? (Select all that apply)
Practical intelligence Creative intelligence
Which of the following is NOT a step in the creative process?
Rumination
Which of the following was an extensive study of intellectual abilities during adulthood?
Seattle Longitudinal Study
In the Seattle Longitudinal Study, which four intellectual abilities peaked among men and women in middle age?
Spatial orientation Inductive reasoning Verbal ability Verbal memory
Of the following, which is one of the most widely used individual tests of intelligence used today?
Stanford-Binet 5
Emotional intelligence is defined by which of the following abilities? (Select all that apply)
The ability to perceive and express emotion The ability to accurately understand emotion The ability to use feelings to facilitate thought
Which of the following is associated with Howard Gardner?
Theory of multiple intelligences
True or false: As they age, children's intelligence changes, but it remains connected to earlier points in their development.
True
True or false: Researchers have not been able to identify the specific genes that contribute to intelligence.
True
Which term refers to expert knowledge about practical aspects of life?
Wisdom
_____________ is exceptional insight about human development and life matters and is considered expert knowledge about the practical aspects of life. Listen to the complete question
Wisdom
Studies of brain volume show ______ correlation between brain size and intelligence.
a moderate
Signs of domain-specific giftedness usually emerge during the ______ years.
childhood
When a person thinks in novel and unusual ways and comes up with unique solutions to problems, they are engaging in ______ thinking.
creative
The ability to think about something in novel and unusual ways and come up with unique and good solutions to problems is a description of:
creativity
An assessment of individuals of different ages at the same point in time is a ______ study.
cross-sectional
An accumulation of information and verbal skills that increases throughout life is called ______ intelligence.
crystallized
According to Schaie's research, the cross-sectional approach shows a ______ in inductive reasoning with age; while the longitudinal approach shows a ______ of inductive reasoning in middle adulthood.
decline; slight rise
Since 1990, creativity scores among U.S. children and adults have:
declined
Research supports the conclusion that gifted people tend to have ______ emotional problems than others.
fewer
Students who have above-average intelligence and/or a superior talent for something are called _______ students.
gifted
Highly gifted individuals are typically:
gifted in specific domains.
According to Howard Gardner, people:
have multiple intelligences, and IQ tests only measure a few of them.
With regard to the link between neurological speed in intelligence, research results
have not been consistent.
According to Horn, crystallized intelligence ______ in middle adulthood and fluid intelligence ______.
increases; decreases
Identify the six mental abilities assessed in the Seattle Longitudinal Study.
inductive reasoning numeric ability verbal comprehension verbal memory perceptual speed spatial orientation
Studies support the idea that gifted children tend to be more ______ than other children.
mature
Cognitive _________ is the "hardware" of the mind.
mechanics
Because of the influence of biology, heredity, and health on cognitive ______, it is more likely decline with age than cognitive ______.
mechanics; pragmatics
Alfred Binet developed the first intelligence test because school officials wanted to determine a ______ who would not benefit from typical school instruction.
method of identifying children
A normal distribution is a bell-shaped curve with a majority of the cases falling within the ______ of the range.
middle
A(n) _________ distribution is a symmetrical curve with a majority of the cases falling in the middle.
normal or Gaussian
Students high in ______ intelligence may not do well in school, but their excellent social skills and good common sense often lead them to career success outside of school.
practical
Cognitive _______ is the culture-based "software" programs of the mind.
pragmatics
As compared to cross-sectional findings about cognition in middle age, longitudinal studies find
reasoning abilities rise in middle age.
All of the following are similar categories of intelligence EXCEPT:
spatial intelligence.
One potential influence on intelligence test performance is anxiety over whether one's behavior might confirm a negative assumption about one's group. This is referred to as:
stereotype threat.
Findings from the Seattle Longitudinal Study of cognitive abilities across the life span indicated that:
there were more peaks than declines in cognitive abilities in middle age.
Which of the following areas are included on the Stanford-Binet 5?
working memory fluid reasoning quantitative reasoning visual-spatial reasoning knowledge
