Chapter 9

Which hormone monitors the body's longer-term energy reserves in the form of fat?

Leptin

Which event will trigger osmotic thirst?

a salty meal

Long-term energy storage is accomplished by storage of fat in _______ tissue.

adipose

Two physiological responses to hypovolemia are _______ of blood vessels and the secretion of _______ by the posterior pituitary.

constriction; vasopressin

It is thought that each individual's _______ is in two-way communication with the brain via chemical signals and the _______.

enterotype; vagus nerve

Amino acids that are not manufactured by our bodies are classified as

essential

The body stores glucose for later use after first converting it to a more complex form called

glycogen

Behavioral regulation of body temperature, like moving closer to the fire, is especially affected by lesions of the

lateral hypothalamus

The population of beneficial bacteria, fungi, and viruses that inhabit the large intestine of human beings is referred to as a

microbiome

Thermoregulation is considered a negative feedback system because

restoring the desired temperature turns off the response

The brain responds to hypovolemia by triggering both thirst and hunger for

salt

Which example demonstrates ectothermic behavior? A turtle basking on a sunny log A group of birds roosting together at night A person shivering in a cold house A dog panting on a hot day

A turtle basking on a sunny log

Which hormone causes blood vessels to constrict?

Angiotensin II

_______ involves periodic binge eating followed by _______ or taking laxatives to avoid weight gain.

Bulimia; vomiting

Which method is not a current strategy for treating obesity? Drugs that increase digestive acid levels in the stomach Bariatric surgery Drugs that mimic specific peptide hormones Drugs that interfere with fat digestion

Drugs that increase digestive acid levels in the stomach

Lesions to which brain region would impair physiological responses to temperature in endotherms?

Preoptic area

High circulating levels of leptin activate the _______ satiety neurons and simultaneously inhibit the _______ hunger neurons.

POMC; NPY

Which statement about anorexia nervosa is true? People with anorexia think about food a great deal. It is characterized by bouts of binging and purging. It affects both young men and women equally. The word "anorexia" is derived from a Greek word meaning "great hunger."

People with anorexia think about food a great deal.

Which statement correctly describes osmotic pressure? The tendency of a solvent to move across a membrane in order to equalize the concentration of solute on both sides of the membrane The force of solute against a cell membrane The spontaneous spread of solute molecules through a solvent The tendency of a solvent to sink due to higher density.

The tendency of a solvent to move across a membrane in order to equalize the concentration of solute on both sides of the membrane

What is the significance of a set zone, as opposed to a precise set point, in terms of thermoregulation?

The wide variety of conditions that animals face makes a tolerance, or set zone, instead of a precise set point, more adaptable.