Chapter 9

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In 1952, Kallman found a ___ concordance for homosexual orientation in fraternal twins.

10%

What percentage of women report some type of same-sex sexual contact in their lifetime?

17.4%

What year did the American Medical Association reverse a long-standing policy of recommending that psychiatrists make efforts to turn unhappy homosexuals into heterosexuals?

1994

A true bisexual would have a rating of ___ on Kinsey's 7-point rating scale.

2,4 or 4

Recent surveys indicate that ___% of the adult population self-identify as homosexual or bisexual, but a larger percent have had a same-sex sexual experience in their lifetime.

2.5% to 7%

The 2000 U.S. census revealed that ___ children live in households with same-sex parents.

250,000

In the 2010 National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior, ___ of adult men identified themselves as homosexual.

4.2%

Of the general population, ___ of Americans support same-sex marriage.

61%

What TV show became the first to be built around (and star) a lesbian?

Ellen

Which of the following statements is accurate about males and females and their sexual orientation?

It is very common for lesbian and bisexual women not to recognize their orientation until later.

What effect does birth order have on the probability that a woman will be homosexual?

No birth order effect is observed.

Psychoanalytic explanations state that heterosexuality results from problems in resolving the ___ complex.

Oedipus

___ banned homosexual athletes and tourists from attending the 2014 Winter Olympics.

Russia

In the ___ society in Melanesia, all boys engage in same-sex behaviors for many years, yet the large majority grow up to have heterosexual orientation.

Sambian

Name four nonliving homosexuals who made significant contributions to humankind.

Socrates, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Gertrude Stein, Walt Whitman

It was not until Saint ___ that homosexuality came to be viewed as unnatural or "against the laws of nature" and not until the 1600s and 1700s that it was regarded as criminal.

Thomas Aquinas

sexual orientation

a distinct preference for sexual partners of a particular sex in the presence of clear alternatives

lesbian

a female homosexual

pederasty

a same-sex sexual behavior between adult men and boys

sexual identity development

a term for disclosing one's homosexuality or bisexuality to others

gay

a term generally used to refer to male homosexuals, although in some places it is used to refer to homosexuals of either sex

straight

a term used by homosexuals for a heterosexual

What percentage of gays and lesbians say that their community is more tolerant than in the past?

about 91%

What is the first stage in sexual identity development?

admit to oneself that one has a homosexual or bisexual orientation

The four stages of the coming out process are ___, ___, ___, and ___.

admitting a homosexual orientation to oneself, getting to know other homosexuals, telling family and friends of one's sexual orientation, complete openness about one's homosexuality

The first stage is of coming out is ___.

admitting to oneself that one has a homosexual orientation

In this book, sexual orientation is defined as distinct preferences consistently made after ___ in the presence of clear alternatives.

adolescence

asexual

an individual with a lifelong lack of sexual attraction to men or women

heterosexual

an individual with a sexual orientation primarily to members of the opposite sex

homosexual

an individual with a sexual orientation primarily to members of the same sex

bisexual

an individual with a sexual orientation toward both men and women

homophopia

an irrational fear of homosexual individuals and homosexuality

The ___ and ___ accepted homosexuality, as did the early Christians.

ancient Greeks, Romans

Kendra describes herself as asexual. She is among the ___ percent of the population that defines itself this way.

approximately 1%

Researchers believe that hormones may affect sexual orientation during which time of life?

before or shortly after birth

Jolene has a sexual attraction toward both men and women. Jolene's sexual orientation is ___.

bisexual

The process of ___, or identifying oneself as homosexual, involves several often painful stages.

coming out

coming out

disclosing to others one's homosexual orientation, from the expression "coming out of the closet"

Sexual orientation is defined as ___ consistently made after adolescence in the presence of clear alternatives.

distinct preferences

Giving testosterone to adult homosexual males ___.

does not change their sexual orientation

A bisexual is anyone who has had sex with both men and women.

false

A homosexual orientation indicates a gender identity problem.

false

A male homosexual can be made heterosexual by administering large doses of testosterone.

false

Bisexuals are people who are afraid to admit to themselves their real homosexuality.

false

Children raised by openly homosexual parents are more likely to develop a homosexual orientation than children raised by heterosexual parents.

false

Extremely effeminate boys always develop a homosexual orientation.

false

Homosexuals almost always act and/or dress differently from heterosexuals.

false

If one identical twin is homosexual, the other twin always is too.

false

Many homosexuals and bisexuals have gender dysphoria.

false

Most homosexuals are unhappy with their sexual orientation and would like to become heterosexual.

false

Most lesbians have not had pleasurable sexual relations with men.

false

People who have had same-sex sexual relations are, by definition, homosexual in orientation.

false

Recent studies support Kinsey's findings that 10% of American men are homosexual.

false

The pathway to heterosexual sexual identity is smooth and uniform.

false

Which of the following is accurate regarding homosexuals finding companions and sexual partners?

finding companions and sexual partners can be difficult for many gays and lesbians in rural areas and small towns

Most homosexuals prefer the term ___ for a male homosexual.

gay

The ___ of the vast majority of homosexuals are just as strong and consistent with their anatomical sex as heterosexuals.

gender identities

Studies with twins indicate a ___ factor, while anatomical studies have found differences in the ___ of heterosexuals and homosexuals.

genetic, brains

What is the second stage in coming out?

get to know other honosexuals

Joe has a preferential attraction primarily to members of the opposite sex. Joe's sexual orientation is ___.

heterosexual

Bob is a man who has a preferential attraction primarily to other men. Bob's sexual orientation is ___.

homosexual

Many researchers believe that differences in ___ before or shortly after we are born predispose us to a particular sexual orientation.

hormones

Nearly all agree that biological and social/cultural influences ___ to produce sexual orientation.

interact

What term derived from the name of a Greek island is used for a female homosexual?

lesbian

According to the 2010 National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior, what percentage of adult women reported that they had given or received oral sex with another woman in the past year?

less than 4%

What is known about testosterone during prenatal and early development in males?

levels increase dramatically when the testicles develop in week 7 after conception, reach a peak between weeks 10-22, and then decline to the same levels as are found in baby girls

Tom is 12 years old and his few sexual experiences have been exclusively with boys his age.

not enough information to guess

Frank has had sex with both men and women.

not enough information to make a guess

Matthew occasionally goes to bathhouses and lets other men give him oral-genital sex.

not enough information to make a guess

Two studies conducted in the twentieth century of numerous cultures found that ___ disapproved of homosexuality.

only about one third

According to this chapter, biological factors probably ___ individuals to a particular sexual orientation.

predispose

Alice enjoys sex with men most of the time, but she often enjoys sex with women as well.

probably bisexual

Diane has had sex only with men, but occasionally has homosexual fantasies.

probably heterosexual

Henry has had a few same-sex sexual experiences, but has had sex only with women since he turned 15 ten years ago.

probably heterosexual

Carl sometimes enjoys sex with women, but prefers sexual relations with men.

probably homosexual

Joyce has been married and enjoyed sexual relations with her husband, but now prefers sexual relations with women.

probably homosexual

Steve is 19yrs old and his only sexual experiences have been with women, but all his sexual fantasies are about men.

probably homosexual

Mary's gender identity is not consistent with her anatomical sex.

probably transgender

Michael believes he is a woman and has sex only with men.

probably transgender

In our society currently, attempts to change homosexuals' orientation are most commonly conducted by religious fundamentalist groups in what is called ___ therapy.

reparative

Conformity or nonconformity with gender ___ does not always predict one's sexual orientation.

roles

The final stages of coming out are difficult in a society filled with ___, socially reinforced negative attitudes toward individuals, communities, and homosexual behaviors.

sexual prejudice

The official position of the American Psychological Association and the American Medical Association is that therapists ___ one's sexual orientation.

should not attempt to change

___ regards homosexuality and heterosexuality as learned behaviors; good or rewarding experiences with individuals of one sex and/or bad experiences with individuals of the other sex (particularly during adolescence) would lead to a particular orientation.

social learning theory

sexual prejudice

socially reinforced negative attitudes toward homosexuals, homosexual communities, and homosexual behaviors

___ is a term used by homosexuals for a heterosexual person.

straight

Grace is in the third stage of coming out. What is she likely doing?

telling family and friends of her sexual orientation

In some cultures, same-sex sexual behavior is considered normal for boys during adolescence.

true

Researchers have found a higher rate of concordance for homosexuality between identical twins than between nonidentical twins.

true

Studies have found that areas of the hypothalamus (in the brain) are different in male heterosexuals and homosexuals.

true

Women who have had same-sex sexual relations are more likely to be bisexual than homosexual.

true

According to national surveys by the Williams Institute (2011) and Gallup (2012), which group has the highest prevalence of individuals who identify as gay, lesbian, or bisexual?

young adult women


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