Chapter 9
In 1952, Kallman found a ___ concordance for homosexual orientation in fraternal twins.
10%
What percentage of women report some type of same-sex sexual contact in their lifetime?
17.4%
What year did the American Medical Association reverse a long-standing policy of recommending that psychiatrists make efforts to turn unhappy homosexuals into heterosexuals?
1994
A true bisexual would have a rating of ___ on Kinsey's 7-point rating scale.
2,4 or 4
Recent surveys indicate that ___% of the adult population self-identify as homosexual or bisexual, but a larger percent have had a same-sex sexual experience in their lifetime.
2.5% to 7%
The 2000 U.S. census revealed that ___ children live in households with same-sex parents.
250,000
In the 2010 National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior, ___ of adult men identified themselves as homosexual.
4.2%
Of the general population, ___ of Americans support same-sex marriage.
61%
What TV show became the first to be built around (and star) a lesbian?
Ellen
Which of the following statements is accurate about males and females and their sexual orientation?
It is very common for lesbian and bisexual women not to recognize their orientation until later.
What effect does birth order have on the probability that a woman will be homosexual?
No birth order effect is observed.
Psychoanalytic explanations state that heterosexuality results from problems in resolving the ___ complex.
Oedipus
___ banned homosexual athletes and tourists from attending the 2014 Winter Olympics.
Russia
In the ___ society in Melanesia, all boys engage in same-sex behaviors for many years, yet the large majority grow up to have heterosexual orientation.
Sambian
Name four nonliving homosexuals who made significant contributions to humankind.
Socrates, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Gertrude Stein, Walt Whitman
It was not until Saint ___ that homosexuality came to be viewed as unnatural or "against the laws of nature" and not until the 1600s and 1700s that it was regarded as criminal.
Thomas Aquinas
sexual orientation
a distinct preference for sexual partners of a particular sex in the presence of clear alternatives
lesbian
a female homosexual
pederasty
a same-sex sexual behavior between adult men and boys
sexual identity development
a term for disclosing one's homosexuality or bisexuality to others
gay
a term generally used to refer to male homosexuals, although in some places it is used to refer to homosexuals of either sex
straight
a term used by homosexuals for a heterosexual
What percentage of gays and lesbians say that their community is more tolerant than in the past?
about 91%
What is the first stage in sexual identity development?
admit to oneself that one has a homosexual or bisexual orientation
The four stages of the coming out process are ___, ___, ___, and ___.
admitting a homosexual orientation to oneself, getting to know other homosexuals, telling family and friends of one's sexual orientation, complete openness about one's homosexuality
The first stage is of coming out is ___.
admitting to oneself that one has a homosexual orientation
In this book, sexual orientation is defined as distinct preferences consistently made after ___ in the presence of clear alternatives.
adolescence
asexual
an individual with a lifelong lack of sexual attraction to men or women
heterosexual
an individual with a sexual orientation primarily to members of the opposite sex
homosexual
an individual with a sexual orientation primarily to members of the same sex
bisexual
an individual with a sexual orientation toward both men and women
homophopia
an irrational fear of homosexual individuals and homosexuality
The ___ and ___ accepted homosexuality, as did the early Christians.
ancient Greeks, Romans
Kendra describes herself as asexual. She is among the ___ percent of the population that defines itself this way.
approximately 1%
Researchers believe that hormones may affect sexual orientation during which time of life?
before or shortly after birth
Jolene has a sexual attraction toward both men and women. Jolene's sexual orientation is ___.
bisexual
The process of ___, or identifying oneself as homosexual, involves several often painful stages.
coming out
coming out
disclosing to others one's homosexual orientation, from the expression "coming out of the closet"
Sexual orientation is defined as ___ consistently made after adolescence in the presence of clear alternatives.
distinct preferences
Giving testosterone to adult homosexual males ___.
does not change their sexual orientation
A bisexual is anyone who has had sex with both men and women.
false
A homosexual orientation indicates a gender identity problem.
false
A male homosexual can be made heterosexual by administering large doses of testosterone.
false
Bisexuals are people who are afraid to admit to themselves their real homosexuality.
false
Children raised by openly homosexual parents are more likely to develop a homosexual orientation than children raised by heterosexual parents.
false
Extremely effeminate boys always develop a homosexual orientation.
false
Homosexuals almost always act and/or dress differently from heterosexuals.
false
If one identical twin is homosexual, the other twin always is too.
false
Many homosexuals and bisexuals have gender dysphoria.
false
Most homosexuals are unhappy with their sexual orientation and would like to become heterosexual.
false
Most lesbians have not had pleasurable sexual relations with men.
false
People who have had same-sex sexual relations are, by definition, homosexual in orientation.
false
Recent studies support Kinsey's findings that 10% of American men are homosexual.
false
The pathway to heterosexual sexual identity is smooth and uniform.
false
Which of the following is accurate regarding homosexuals finding companions and sexual partners?
finding companions and sexual partners can be difficult for many gays and lesbians in rural areas and small towns
Most homosexuals prefer the term ___ for a male homosexual.
gay
The ___ of the vast majority of homosexuals are just as strong and consistent with their anatomical sex as heterosexuals.
gender identities
Studies with twins indicate a ___ factor, while anatomical studies have found differences in the ___ of heterosexuals and homosexuals.
genetic, brains
What is the second stage in coming out?
get to know other honosexuals
Joe has a preferential attraction primarily to members of the opposite sex. Joe's sexual orientation is ___.
heterosexual
Bob is a man who has a preferential attraction primarily to other men. Bob's sexual orientation is ___.
homosexual
Many researchers believe that differences in ___ before or shortly after we are born predispose us to a particular sexual orientation.
hormones
Nearly all agree that biological and social/cultural influences ___ to produce sexual orientation.
interact
What term derived from the name of a Greek island is used for a female homosexual?
lesbian
According to the 2010 National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior, what percentage of adult women reported that they had given or received oral sex with another woman in the past year?
less than 4%
What is known about testosterone during prenatal and early development in males?
levels increase dramatically when the testicles develop in week 7 after conception, reach a peak between weeks 10-22, and then decline to the same levels as are found in baby girls
Tom is 12 years old and his few sexual experiences have been exclusively with boys his age.
not enough information to guess
Frank has had sex with both men and women.
not enough information to make a guess
Matthew occasionally goes to bathhouses and lets other men give him oral-genital sex.
not enough information to make a guess
Two studies conducted in the twentieth century of numerous cultures found that ___ disapproved of homosexuality.
only about one third
According to this chapter, biological factors probably ___ individuals to a particular sexual orientation.
predispose
Alice enjoys sex with men most of the time, but she often enjoys sex with women as well.
probably bisexual
Diane has had sex only with men, but occasionally has homosexual fantasies.
probably heterosexual
Henry has had a few same-sex sexual experiences, but has had sex only with women since he turned 15 ten years ago.
probably heterosexual
Carl sometimes enjoys sex with women, but prefers sexual relations with men.
probably homosexual
Joyce has been married and enjoyed sexual relations with her husband, but now prefers sexual relations with women.
probably homosexual
Steve is 19yrs old and his only sexual experiences have been with women, but all his sexual fantasies are about men.
probably homosexual
Mary's gender identity is not consistent with her anatomical sex.
probably transgender
Michael believes he is a woman and has sex only with men.
probably transgender
In our society currently, attempts to change homosexuals' orientation are most commonly conducted by religious fundamentalist groups in what is called ___ therapy.
reparative
Conformity or nonconformity with gender ___ does not always predict one's sexual orientation.
roles
The final stages of coming out are difficult in a society filled with ___, socially reinforced negative attitudes toward individuals, communities, and homosexual behaviors.
sexual prejudice
The official position of the American Psychological Association and the American Medical Association is that therapists ___ one's sexual orientation.
should not attempt to change
___ regards homosexuality and heterosexuality as learned behaviors; good or rewarding experiences with individuals of one sex and/or bad experiences with individuals of the other sex (particularly during adolescence) would lead to a particular orientation.
social learning theory
sexual prejudice
socially reinforced negative attitudes toward homosexuals, homosexual communities, and homosexual behaviors
___ is a term used by homosexuals for a heterosexual person.
straight
Grace is in the third stage of coming out. What is she likely doing?
telling family and friends of her sexual orientation
In some cultures, same-sex sexual behavior is considered normal for boys during adolescence.
true
Researchers have found a higher rate of concordance for homosexuality between identical twins than between nonidentical twins.
true
Studies have found that areas of the hypothalamus (in the brain) are different in male heterosexuals and homosexuals.
true
Women who have had same-sex sexual relations are more likely to be bisexual than homosexual.
true
According to national surveys by the Williams Institute (2011) and Gallup (2012), which group has the highest prevalence of individuals who identify as gay, lesbian, or bisexual?
young adult women
