Chapter 9, chem 111, Chem 349502
A gas is sold for approximately 0.55 cents per milligram. What is its price in dollars per kilogram?
$5.5 × 10^3/kg
Given the data in the table below, ΔH°rxn for the reaction 2Ag2S (s) + O2 (g) → 2Ag2O (s) + 2S (s) is ________ kJ.
+3.2
A watt is
1 joule/s.
There are ________ mol of carbon atoms in 4 mol of C4H8O2.
16
0.054 s Express your answer as an integer.
2 sigfigs
Round the following number to four significant figures and express the result in standard exponential notation: 229.613
2.296 × 10^2
Calculate the average percentage for the second set of data
22.61
Now that we have put a coefficient of 3 in front of CaSO4, what coefficient should go in front of CaCl2 to balance calcium (Ca)? 3CaSO4+AlCl3→?CaCl2+Al2(SO4)3
3
Electromagnetic radiation travels through vacuum at a speed of ________ m/s.
3.00 × 108
The formula weight of lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2) is ________ amu.
331.2
How many nitrogen atoms are in 10.2 g of copper(II) nitrate?
6.56 × 1022 atoms
A temperature of 300. K is the same as ________ °F.
81
What is the MAIN ADVANTAGE of fiber optics technology over the use of metals such as copper?
A bundle of fiber optics can carry several hundred times more messages as copper
According to Arrhenius, an acid and a base will react to give
A salt plus water
53) The molecule most commonly split out between monomers to make a condensation polymer is A) H2O. B) NH3. C) HCl. D) H2S.
A) H2O.
77) Ozone (O3) and oxygen (O2) are - A) allotropes. B) isoelectronic. C) isomers. D) isotopes.
A) allotropes.
85) A term that describes the relationship between O2 and O3 is - A) allotropes. B) isomers. C) conformers. D) transformers.
A) allotropes.
96) Which of the following pollutants has the least environmental effect? - A) carbon monoxide B) nitrogen oxides C) ozone D) sulfur oxides
A) carbon monoxide
35) The main use of elastomers is making A) tires. B) synthetic body parts. C) plastic bottles. D) film.
A) tires.
The feature that makes Iron a useful material is its
Ability to form a variety of alloys with a variety of metals
Which of the following products is NOT made from petroleum?
All of the above are made from petroleum. Includes: industrial organic solvents, detergents, and plastics
When scrap metal is recycled to make new iron and steel products, there is also a reduction in a. energy consumption. b. water pollution. c. air pollution. d. All of the above are reduced.
All of the above are reduced.
26) The formula for propyne is A) C3H6. B) C3H4. C) C3H8. D) C3H3.
B)
20) The monomer of polypropylene is A) CH2CH2. B) CH2CHCH3. C) CH3CH3. D) CH3CH2CH3.
B) CH2CHCH3.
The general formula for a carboxylic acid is A) ROR'. B) RCOOH. C) RCOR'. D) RCOOR'.
B) RCOOH.
30) The complete oxidation of coal produces - A) carbon monoxide (CO). B) carbon dioxide (CO2). C) particulate matter. D) soot.
B) carbon dioxide
Many of the flavors isolated from foods are A) carboxylic acids. B) esters. C) alcohols. D) ketones.
B) esters.
What is the name of the compound that has the formula CH3CH3? A) methane B) ethane C) propane D) butane
B) ethane
The simplest aldehyde is A) acetone. B) formaldehyde. C) propionaldehyde. D) methanol.
B) formaldehyde.
The thin film of air, water, and soil in which all life exists is only about 15 km thick and is called the
Biosphere
Which of the following is/are characteristic(s) of bases?
Bitter taste, Reacts with Acids to form salts, and produce hydroxide ions when added to water are all characteristics.
Photochromic lenses contain
Both AgCl and CuCl embedded in the glass
Flame-retardant fabrics often have ________ atoms incorporated into the fabric's fibers
Br or Cl
1) Organic chemistry is most broadly defined as A) the chemistry of living systems. B) the chemistry of substances produced by living systems. C) the chemistry of the compounds of carbon. D) the chemistry of the non-metallic compounds.
C)
14) The formula for hexene is A) C6H12. B) C7H16. C) C3H8. D) C6H12.
C)
16) In the stratosphere, oxygen (O2) is converted to ozone (O3) by high energy ultraviolet light. When the equation is written and balanced using whole number coefficients, the coefficient of ozone is - A) 4. B) 3. C) 2. D) 1.
C) 2
Another name for Teflon is A) LDPE. B) PVC. C) PTFE. D) HDPE.
C) PTFE.
The general formula for a ketone is A) ROR'. B) RCOOH. C) RCOR'. D) RCOOR'.
C) RCOR'.
10) One of the first applications of polyethylene was A) billiard balls. B) garbage bags. C) electrical insulation. D) parachutes.
C) electrical insulation.
Which of the following roots means "many"? A) mer B) mono C) poly D) tetra
C) poly
Which element does X represent in the following expression: 41/20X?
Ca
What is the formula for Calcium hydroxide?
Ca(OH)2
The cheapest and most widely used commercial base is
CaO (Lime)
The concentration of which component of the atmosphere has increased dramatically since the beginning of the industrial era? A) argon B) carbon dioxide C) sulfur dioxide D) krypton
Carbon dioxide
Bronze is an alloy of
Copper and Tin
34) In representing the general formula of various functional groups, the symbol R stands for A) a halogen atom. B) a ring. C) an aromatic group. D) an alkyl group.
D)
37) The formula of methanol is A) COH. B) CHOH. C) CH2OH. D) CH3OH.
D)
40) Compounds that have two alkyl groups attached to an oxygen atom are called A) alcohols. B) phenols. C) esters. D) ethers.
D)
41) Aldehydes and ketones share a common functional group. The group is the A) hydroxyl group. B) phenol group. C) ether group. D) carbonyl group.
D)
43) The functional group of the organic acids is the A) hydroxyl group. B) amine group. C) carbonyl group. D) carboxyl group.
D)
5) Carbon is almost always A) monovalent. B) divalent. C) trivalent. D) tetravalent.
D)
66) "Pure" rainfall (rainfall undisturbed by human influences) has a pH of approximately 5.6. The pH of rain in some areas has been measured at 2.6. The acidity of this rain is - A) 0.3 times that of normal rain.B) 3 times that of normal rain.C) 300 times that of normal rain.D) 1000 times that of normal rain.
D) 1000 times that of normal rain.
12) Which of the following is a form of nitrogen fixation? - A) N2 + O2 + energy (lightning) ? 2 NO B) N2 + 3 H2 ? 2 N C) N2 + bacteria ? nitrates D) All are forms of nitrogen fixation.
D) All are forms of nitrogen fixation.
88) Which is classified as a "greenhouse gas"? - A) carbon dioxide B) chlorofluorocarbons C) methane D) All of these are "greenhouse gases".
D) All of these are "greenhouse gases".
13) Nitrogen is converted to nitrates by which of the following reactions? - A) N2 + O2 + energy(lightning) = 2 NO B) 2 NO + O2 = 2 NO2 C) 3 NO2 + H2O = 2 HNO3 + NO D) All of these reactions are involved in converting nitrogen to nitrates.
D) All of these reactions are involved in converting nitrogen to nitrates.
Which of the following alkanes will have the highest boiling point? A) CH4 B) C6H14 C) C12H26 D) C19H40
D) C19H40
A cyclic hydrocarbon containing seven carbon atoms and two double bonds will have the formula A) C7H16. B) C7H14. C) C7H12. D) C7H10.
D) C7H10.
A cyclic hydrocarbon containing eight carbon atoms and one double bond will have the formula A) C8H12. B) C8H18. C) C8H16. D) C8H14.
D) C8H14.
The formula of methanol is A) COH. B) CHOH. C) CH2OH. D) CH3OH.
D) CH3OH.
What is the general formula for a cycloalkane? A) CnHn B) CnH2n+2 C) CnH2n-2 D) CnH2n
D) CnH2n
The monomer used to make Teflon is A) H2CCH2. B) Cl2CCH2. C) H2CCHCl. D) F2CCF2.
D) F2CCF2.
40) Which of the following statements about particulate particles is NOT correct? - A) They are easier to remove from factory exhaust than sulfur dioxide is. B) They can sometimes be seen in the air as dust or smoke. C) Particles that are less than 10 µm in diameter are more dangerous than larger particles are. D) Less than 10% of the counties in the United States have particle pollution levels that exceed the EPA's standards.
D) Less than 10% of the counties in the United States have particle pollution levels that exceed the EPA's standards.
The general formula for an ester is A) ROR'. B) RCOOH. C) RCOR'. D) RCOOR'.
D) RCOOR'.
Excessive ingestion of ethanol over a long period may cause which of the following? A) physiological addiction B) memory loss C) deterioration of the liver D) all of the above
D) all of the above
Perfluorocarbons have been used in which of the following? A) temporary blood substitutes B) nonstick cooking surfaces C) oxygen solvent for treatment of premature babies D) all of the above
D) all of the above
31) Natural rubber can be made from the monomer A) ethylene. B) propylene. C) butadiene. D) isoprene.
D) isoprene.
46) The temperature in many parts of the world can range between 0°C and 40°C, therefore we want the Tg of PVC used as seat covers in cars to be A) greater than 40°C. B) less than 40°C but greater than 0°C. C) exactly 0°C. D) less than 0°C.
D) less than 0°C.
35) Sulfur trioxide reacts with water to form - A) sulfur dioxide. B) sulfur monoxide. C) sulfurous acid. D) sulfuric acid.
D) sulfuric acid.
Carbon is almost always A) monovalent. B) divalent. C) trivalent. D) tetravalent.
D) tetravalent.
7) The layer of the atmosphere that is closest to the surface of the earth is the - A) mesosphere.B) stratosphere.C) thermosphere.D) troposphere.
D) troposphere
Copper is commonly used for
Electrical wire, Roofing material and plumbing
When scrap metal is recycled to make new Iron and steel products, there is also a reduction in
Energy consumption, Water pollution, and Air pollution
Which of the following is a statement of the first law of thermodynamics? q
Energy lost by the system must be gained by the surroundings.
Polyethylene has double bonds, but ethylene does not.
FALSE
18) It is easier to lower the emission of nitrogen oxides from cars than it is to lower the emission of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons.
False
5) Pollution levels are not affected by temperature inversions.
False
A plasticizer makes a material more flexible and less brittle by raising its glass transition temperature (Tg).
False
The most commonly recycled plastics are
HDPE and PET
Which of the following statements about the difference between HDPE and LDPE is NOT correct
HDPE is more flexible than LDPE is.
Which of the following are weak electrolytes? HNO3 HF NH3 LiBr
HF, NH3
Which of the following compounds would you expect to be ionic?
KCl
A compound contains 38.7% K, 13.9% N, and 47.4% O by mass. What is the empirical formula of the compound?
KNO3
the balanced reaction between aqueous potassium hydroxide and aqueous acetic acid is ________.
KOH (aq) + HC2H3O2 (aq) → H2O (l) + KC2H3O2 (aq)
When gasoline undergoes complete combustion, carbon dioxide and water are produced. However, these reactions are generally incomplete combustions, and there are side reactions which produce small amounts of harmful products. These pollutants include all of the following EXCEPT A) carbon monoxide. B) lead. C) nitrogen oxides. D) volatile organic compounds
Lead
Which of the following statements about particulate particles is NOT correct? A) They are easier to remove from factory exhaust than sulfur dioxide is. B) They can sometimes be seen in the air as dust or smoke. C) Particles that are less than 10 µm in diameter are more dangerous than larger particles are. D) Less than 10% of the counties in the United States have particle pollution levels that exceed the EPA's standards.
Less than 10% of the counties in the United States have particle pollution levels that exceed the EPA's standards.
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using hydrogen as a fuel for cars?
Liquid hydrogen must be stored at very low temperatures. Advantages: no air pollution, reduce reliance on foreign oil, and hydrogen can be made from renewable resources
Which statement describes a physical change?
Liquid water evaporates.
6) Compare and contrast London smog and Los Angeles smog.
London smog is caused predominately by coal combustion. LA smog is due to automobile exhaust.
Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction that occurs when Mg(s) reacts with Cl2(g).
Mg(s)+Cl2(g)→MgCl2(s)
Consider the following reaction: 2Fe + 3Mg^2+ ---> 2Fe^3+ + 3MG What substance is the oxidation agent in the reaction?
Mg^2+
Which of the following reactions is possible according to Dalton's atomic theory?
N2+O2→2NO
If we should "run out" of Aluminum someday, it would be because we had
Scattered Aluminum too widely in the environment for efficient recovery
One of the earliest recorded examples of polluted air was written about by the Roman ________ in 61 A.D. A) Caesar Augustus B) Seneca C) Cato the Elder D) Pliny
Seneca
33. Many communities are beginning to use sludge on farm fields. What is the biggest problem with using sludge on fields? A) The sludge must be dried before it can be applied to the fields. B) Wet sludge may irrigate the crops. C) Sludge is often contaminated with toxic metals that could be taken up by plants. D) Sludge is a source of nutrients and humus.
Sludge is often contaminated with toxic metals that could be taken up by plants.
Many communities are beginning to use sludge on farm fields. What is the biggest problem with using sludge on fields? A) The sludge must be dried before it can be applied to the fields. B) Wet sludge may irrigate the crops. C) Sludge is often contaminated with toxic metals that could be taken up by plants. D) Sludge is a source of nutrients and humus.
Sludge is often contaminated with toxic metals that could be taken up by plants.
Which physical state has the lowest entropy?
Solid
According to the first law of thermodynamics, energy can be converted from one form to another, but it can neither be created nor destroyed.
T
Adding oxygen containing additives, such as methyl tert-butyl ether or ethanol, to gasoline improves octane rating and reduces CO emissions in automobile engines.
T
Anthracite has a higher carbon content than lignite.
T
Branched hydrocarbons have a higher octane rating than straight chain hydrocarbons do.
T
Chewing gum is easier to remove from clothing if ice is applied to the gum. This works because applying ice lowers the temperature of the gum to below its glass transition temperature (Tg), so the gum becomes brittle and can be removed more easily.
TRUE
Kilauea volcano in Hawaii emits 200-300 tons of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere each day. This is an example of A) the impact of natural processes on the earth's environment. B) air pollution from a natural source. C) the magnitude of the chemistry associated with the environment. D) The Kilauea volcano is an example of all of the above.
The Kilauea volcano is an example of all of the above.
How does the monomer of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) differ from the monomer of polyethylene (PE)?
The PVC monomer has a chlorine atom, but the PE monomer does not.
Which of the following is NOT true of composite materials
The composite materials are not very strong TRUE: They contain high-strength fibers, often made from glass, graphite or ceramics. The fibers provide support to the composite material. The fibers are usually held together by a thermosetting condensation polymer.
What number would you use to convert moles of CH4 to grams of CH4?
The molar mass, 16.0 g/mol.
Which of the following is a problem with the use of plastics
They are made from petroleum and natural gas
4) List three natural sources of air pollution.
Volcanic eruptions, wildfires, and dust storms.
Atoms of Sg are very unstable, and it is therefore difficult to study this element's properties. Based on the position of Sg in the periodic table, what element should it most closely resemble in its chemical properties?
W
In the photosynthesis reaction: 6CO2 +6H2O ---> C6H12O6 + 6O2 The substance that serves as the reducing agent is
Water
Water commonly exists in large amounts in which of the following physical states? A) gaseous B) liquid C) solid D) Water exists in large amounts in all of the above.
Water exists in large amounts in all of the above.
Citric acid is produced by oranges. When citric acid dissolved in water, it produced a relatively small number of hydronium ions. Citric acid is best described as a
Weak acid
Prior to the middle of the 1700s, the major fuel used was
Wood
Of the following, ________ radiation has the shortest wavelength.
X-RAY
13) Which of the following natural polymers is a polyamide? A) silk B) wood fibers C) co t t o n f i b e r s D) s t a r c h
a
The highest grade of coal is
anthracite.
Monomers
are small building blocks of polymers
20) The word monomer means A) one bond. B) one unit. C) many rings. D) many b o n d s.
b
23) Which of the following is a copolymer? A) c a r b o n n a n o t u b e s B) celluloid C) linear low-density polyethylene D) cellulose
c
31) Wool and silk are examples of which type of naturally occurring polymer? A) cellulose B) nucleic acids C) proteins D) polyesters
c
The primary element in coal is
carbon
When coal burns
chemical energy is converted to heat energy.
When coal is heated in the absence of air, the solid left behind is called
coke
A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that
converts chemical energy directly to electrical energy.
34) The segment of a polymer shown below represents a : cant insert just know this__ A) polyethylene. B) polyester. C) polystyrene. D) polyamide.
d
51) Which of the following is the simplest synthetic polymer? A) polyvinyl chloride B) polymethane C) polystyrene D) polyethylene
d
58) The first attempts to make synthetic polymers involved A) combining monomers of ethylene to form polyethylene. B) the synthesis of polyamides. C) compression molding. D) modifying a naturally occurring polymer to form celluloid.
d
The energy of a photon of light is ________ proportional to its frequency and ________ proportional to its wavelength.
directly, inversely
Anaerobic degradation of organic material in water systems occurs in the absence of A) dissolved oxygen. B) dissolved nitrogen. C) nutrients. D) sunlight.
dissolved oxygen.
Plasticizers, such as biphenyls, are very soluble in water.
false
Tell which set is the more accurate based on the average.
first
In any conversion of energy from one form to another, some of the energy ends up as
heat
Raising the temperature of a reaction mixture is the same as increasing the ________ of the reacting molecules.
kinetic energy
Compound A contains 1.333 g of oxygen per gram of carbon, whereas compound B contains 2.666 g of oxygen per gram of carbon. What chemical law do these data illustrate?
law of multiple proportions
The number of hydrocarbons that make up the mixture called gasoline number
less than 1000.
When we buy products for household use, we should avoid products whose packaging is A) reusable. B) recyclable. C) degradable. D) longest lasting.
longest lasting
Catalytic reforming is a process for converting
low octane rated alkanes into high octane rated aromatics.
MoO3
molybdenum(VI) oxide
Most of the coal that exists today was formed ________ years ago.
over 100 million
How many protons, electrons, and neutrons are in an 266Sg atom?
p, e, n = 106,106,160
The lowest grade of coal is
peat.
In order for a synthetic polymer to be used as a binder in water-base latex paints, it must have ________ properties.
rubberlike
Which one of the following is NOT considered a cosmetic? A) soap B) lipstick C) toothpaste D) facial cream
soap
Which substance is most effective in raising the octane rating of gasoline?
tetraethyllead
Polyvinyl acetate is used for
yarns.
Aqueous solutions of a compound did not form precipitates with Cl-, Br-, I-, SO42-, CO32-, PO43-, OH-, or S2-. This highly water-soluble compound produced the foul-smelling gas H2S when the solution was acidified. This compound is ________.
(NH4)2S
Rutherford's α-scattering experiment. When α particles pass through a gold foil, most pass through undeflected but some are scattered, a few at very large angles. According to the plum-pudding model of the atom, the particles should experience only very minor deflections. The nuclear model of the atom explains why a few α particles are deflected at large angles. For clarity, the nuclear atom is shown here as a colored sphere, but most of the space around the nucleus is empty except for the tiny electrons moving around.
+2
Assuming that the compounds are ionic, what charge is associated with the metallic element in each case? Express your answers as signed integers separated by commas. For example: +1,+2,+3.
+2,+4,+3,+6
Given the data in the table below, ΔH°rxn for the reaction Ca(OH)2 + 2H3AsO4 → Ca(H2AsO4)2 + 2H2O is ________ kJ.
-130.4
Given the data in the table below, ΔH°rxn for the reaction Ag2O (s) + H2S (g) → Ag2S (s) + H2O (l) is ________ kJ.
-267
The change in the internal energy of a system that absorbs 2,500 J of heat and that does 7,655 J of work on the surroundings is ________ J.
-5,155
How many moles of magnesium oxide are produced by the reaction of 3.82 g of magnesium nitride with 7.73 g of water?
.114
How many caps are left over?
0
Pure heptane would have an octane rating of
0
"Absolute zero" refers to ________.
0 kelvin
How many moles of magnesium oxide are produced by the reaction of 3.82 g of magnesium nitride with 7.73 g of water? Mg3N2 + 3H2O → 2NH3 + 3MgO
0.114
If you had excess aluminum, how many moles of aluminum chloride could be produced from 15.0 g of chlorine gas, Cl2?
0.141 mol
Aluminum reacts with chlorine gas to form aluminum chloride via the following reaction: 2Al(s)+3Cl2(g)→2AlCl3(s) You are given 10.0 g of aluminum and 15.0 g of chlorine gas.
0.371 mol
The molarity of a solution prepared by diluting 43.72 mL of 5.005 M aqueous K2Cr2O7 to 500. mL is ________.
0.438
Bamboo can grow up to 60.0 cm/day. Convert this growth rate into inches per hour. Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units.
0.984 in/h
The freezing point of water at 1 atm pressure is ________.
0c
When the following equation is balanced, the coefficient of H3PO4 is ________. H3PO4 (aq) + NaOH (aq) → Na3PO4 (aq) + H2O (l)
1
When the following equation is balanced, the coefficient of water is ________. N2O5 (g) + H2O (l) → HNO3 (aq)
1
A tenfold dilution of a sample solution can be obtained by taking ________.
1 part sample and 9 parts solvent
400 g
1 sig fig
What are the subscripts in the empirical formula of this compound?Enter the subscripts for C, H, and O,
1,2,1
Fluorine forms an ion with a charge of ________.
1-
How many sulfur dioxide molecules are there in 0.180 mol of sulfur dioxide?
1.08 × 1023
How many sulfur dioxide molecules are there in 1.80 mol of sulfur dioxide?
1.08 × 1024
How many sulfur dioxide molecules are there in 0.180 mol of sulfur dioxide?
1.08 × 10^23
A bottling plant has 1.26349×105 bottles with a capacity of 355 mL, 1.08565×105 caps, and 4.8750×104 L of beverage. How many bottles can be filled and capped?
1.08565×105 bottles
Based on the first and fourth sketches (Figure 4) , what is the density of the block?
1.12 gcm3
Based on the first and third sketches (Figure 3) , what is the density of the block? Assume that the block is 40.0% submerged.
1.16 g/cm^3
If a soft-drink bottle whose volume is 1.30 L is completely filled with water and then frozen to -10 ∘C, what volume does the ice occupy?
1.41 l
Calculate the hydrogen ion concentration [H+] in an aqueous solution with a pH of 9.85 at 25C
1.4x10^-10 M
What is the maximum amount in grams of SO3 that can be produced by the reaction of 1.0 g of S with 1.0 g of O2 via the equation below? S (s) + O2(g) → SO3 (g) (not balanced)
1.7
The average fuel value of sugars is 17 kJ/g. A 2.0 L pitcher of sweetened Kool-Aid® contains 400 g of sugar. What is the fuel value (in kJ) of a 500 mL serving of Kool-Aid®? (Assume that the sugar is the only fuel source.)
1.7 × 103 kJ
The density of a 167.4 g sample of magnesium having a volume of 96.32 mL is ________ g/cm3.
1.738
What are the respective concentrations (M) of Cu2+ and Cl- afforded by dissolving 0.921mol CuCl2 in water and diluting to 485mL?
1.90 and 3.80
Pure isooctane would have an octane rating of
100
Hydroiodic acid is classified as a Strong acid in water. This means that is produced
100% of the maximum number of possible hydronium ions
Lithium hydroxide is classified as a strong base in water. This means that it produces
100% of the maximum number of possible hydroxide ions
"Pure" rainfall (rainfall undisturbed by human influences) has a pH of approximately 5.6. The pH of rain in some areas has been measured at 2.6. The acidity of this rain is A) 0.3 times that of normal rain. B) 3 times that of normal rain. C) 300 times that of normal rain. D) 1000 times that of normal rain.
1000 times that of normal rain.
What is the correct formula weight of iron(III) hydroxide?
106.8 amu
The quantity 1.0 mg/cm2 is the same as 1.0 × ________ kg/m2.
10^-2
A solution with a pH of 3 has a hydronium ion concentration of
10^-3 M
The pH=-log[H+] for a solution. The pOH=-log[OH-] for a solution. The pH of pOH are related, and their sum is equal to 14(pH+pOH=14). If the concentration of a dilute solution of potassium hydroxide is 0.001 M is the pH of that solution?
11
What is the sum of the coefficients in the balanced chemical equation for the combustion of acetone, C3H6O(l), in air?
11
Which species has 48 electrons?
118/50 Sn^+2
Plastics make up ________ percent by mass of solid waste
12
An atom has a mass number of 27 and 14 neutrons. What is the atomic number of this atom?
13
The lung capacity of the blue whale is 4900 L . Convert this volume into gallons.
1300 gal
Which pair of atoms constitutes a pair of isotopes of the same element?
14/6 X 12/6
The efficiency of current solar cells is approximately
15%.
How many joules of energy will a stock tank heater rated at 1500 watts use in a 24 hour period?
1500 × 24 × 3600
Burning one mole of propane according to the following reaction: C3H8(g) + 5 O2(g) → 3 CO2 + 4 H2O liberates 526 kcal of energy. If all of the coefficients are tripled, how much energy will be released?
1578 kcal
How many grams of aluminum hydroxide are obtained from 16.2 g of aluminum sulfide?
16.8 g
In which one of the following numbers are none of the zeros significant?
161.00 901 ---->>> 0.006 100.00 0.00050
The compound responsible for the characteristic smell of garlic is allicin, C6H10OS2. The mass of 1.00 mol of allicin, rounded to the nearest integer, is ________ g.
162
The atomic number of fluorine is 9. What is the mass number of a fluorine atom with 8 neutrons? Express your answer as an integer.
17
Aluminum reacts with chlorine gas to form aluminum chloride via the following reaction: 2Al(s)+3Cl2(g)→2AlCl3(s) What is the maximum mass of aluminum chloride that can be formed when reacting 10.0 g of aluminum with 15.0 g of chlorine?
18.8 g
The value of ΔH° for the reaction below is -72 kJ. ________ kJ of heat are released when 5.0 mol of HBr is formed in this reaction. H2 (g) + Br2 (g) → 2HBr (g)
180
Given the following reactions N2 (g) + 2O2 (g) → 2NO2 (g) ΔH = 66.4 kJ 2NO (g) + O2 (g) → 2NO2 (g) ΔH = -114.2 kJ the enthalpy of the reaction of the nitrogen to produce nitric oxide N2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2NO (g)
180.6
How much beverage is left over?
1×104 L
In the stratosphere, oxygen (O2) is converted to ozone (O3) by high energy ultraviolet light. When the equation is written and balanced using whole number coefficients, the coefficient of ozone is A) 4. B) 3. C) 2. D) 1.
2
Now that we have put coefficients of 3 in front of CaSO4 and CaCl2, what coefficient should go in front of AlCl3 to balance both the Cl atoms and the Al atoms? 3CaSO4+?AlCl3→3CaCl2+Al2(SO4)3
2
When the following equation is balanced, the coefficient of H2O is ________. Ca (s) + H2O (l) → Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
2
Write the balanced equation for the reaction that occurs when methanol, CH3OH (l), is burned in air. What is the coefficient of methanol in the balanced equation?
2
When the following equation is balanced, the coefficients are ________. Al(NO3)3 + Na2S → Al2S3 + NaNO3
2, 3, 1, 6
Burning 1 mol of methane in oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water produces 803 kJ of energy. How much energy is produced when 3 mol of methane is burned?
2,409 kJ
Perform the following calculation and choose the answer with the correct significant figures. (164.2 + 40.53)/0.098
2.1 × 10^3
What is the maximum number of moles H2 that can be produced by the reaction of 3.00 mol of Ni with 4.50 mol of HCl according to the equation: Ni + 2HCl → NiCl2 + H2
2.25 mol
The specific heat capacity of solid copper metal is 0.385 J/g-K. How many joules of heat are needed to raise the temperature of a 1.15-kg block of copper from 25.0 °C to 77.5 °C?
2.32 × 104 J
The energy of a photon that has a wavelength of 8.33 × 10-6 m is ________ J.
2.39 × 10-20
The correct answer (reported to the proper number of significant figures) to the following is ________. 6.3 × 3.25 = ________
20
At present, what approximate percentage of electricity generated in the United States comes from nuclear energy?
20%
Calculate the average percentage for the first set of data.
22.51
The element X has three naturally occurring isotopes. The masses (amu) and % abundances of the isotopes are given in the table below. The average atomic mass of the element is ________ amu. isotope abund mass 221x 74.22 220.9 220x 12.78 220.0 218x 13.00 218.1
220.4
The element X has three naturally occurring isotopes. The masses (amu) and % abundances of the isotopes are given in the table below. The average atomic mass of the element is ________ amu. Isotope abund mass 221x 82.900 220.90 220x 13.200 220.00 218x 3.9000 218.10
220.67
A cubic piece of metal measures 3.00 cm on each edge. If the metal is nickel, whose density is 8.90 g/cm3, what is the mass of the cube?
240 g
Approximately what percentage of solar radiation is used to power the water cycle?
25%
The United States is estimated to have approximately what percentage of the world's coal reserves?
25%
Of the following, ________ is the largest mass.
284.7 Tg
Specify the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in the neutral atom copper-64.
29,35,29 protons, neutrons, electrons
What volume (mL) of a concentrated solution of sodium hydroxide (6.00 M) must be diluted to 200.0 mL to make a 0.880 M solution of sodium hydroxide?
29.3
The temperature of a 23 g sample of gold increases from 22.3°C to 32.2°C. If the specific heat of gold is 0.129 J/g-K, how many joules of heat are absorbed?
29.4 J
Precision can be judged by examining the average of the deviations from the average value for that data set. Calculate the average value of the absolute deviations of each measurement from the average for the first set.
2x10^-10
Calculate the average value of the absolute deviations of each measurement from the average for the second set.
2x10^-2
How many bottles are left over?
2x10^4
Notice that "SO4" appears in two different places in this chemical equation. SO 2−4 is a polyatomic ion called "sulfate." What number should be placed in front of CaSO4 to give the same total number of sulfate ions on each side of the equation? ?CaSO4+AlCl3→CaCl2+Al2(SO4)3
3
There are ________ unpaired electrons in a ground state nitrogen atom.
3
Write the balanced equation for the reaction that occurs when methanol, CH3OH (l), is burned in air. What is the coefficient of oxygen in the balanced equation?
3
601 kg Express your answer as an integer.
3 sigfigs
0.0105 L Express your answer as an integer.
3 sig figs
The overall efficiency of biomass as a method of harvesting solar energy is approximately
3%
Aluminum forms an ion with a charge of ________.
3+
An electron cannot have the quantum numbers n = ________, l = ________, ml= ________.
3,2,3
Contaminated water supplies and lack of adequate sanitation kill approximately ________ people worldwide each year. A) 3,600,000 B) 100,000 C) 1,000,000 D) 500,000
3,600,000
2.03 g of C4H10 reacts with 7.28 g of O2 to form 6.16 g of CO2. Using only addition and subtraction, calculate the amount of H2O produced.
3.15 g
The output of a plant is 4335 pounds of ball bearings per week (five days). If each ball bearing weighs 0.0113 g, how many ball bearings does the plant make in a single day? (Indicate the number in proper scientific notation with the appropriate number of significant figures.)
3.48 x 10^7
A metal object has a mass of 1.6 × 106 mg. What is this mass expressed in pounds?
3.5 lb
The molarity (M) of an aqueous solution containing 22.5 g of glucose (C6H12O6) in 35.5 mL of solution is ________.
3.52
Calculate the kinetic energy in joules of an 80.0 g bullet traveling at 300.0 m/s.
3.60 × 103 J
Approximately what percentage of the total solar radiation that falls upon the earth is immediately reflected back into space?
30%
During the last 25 years, American industry has reduced its consumption of energy per product by nearly
30%.
Which one of the following is the highest temperature?
302 K 96 °F ----> 38 °C <------ none of the above the freezing point of water
Which two of the following are isotopes of the same element:31/16X,31/15X,32/16X,?
31/16, 32/16
The volume of a regular cylinder is V =πr2h. Using the value 3.1416 for the constant π, the volume (cm3) of a cylinder of radius 2.34 cm and height 19.91 cm expressed to the correct number of significant figures is ________.
342
How many protons are there in one atom of 88Sr?
38
Give the nuclear symbol for the isotope of argon for which A=38?
38/18Ar
How many different principal quantum numbers can be found in the ground-state electron configuration of nickel?
4
If the concentration of a dilute solution of nitric acid is 0.0001 M, what is the pH of that solution?
4
How many molecules of CO2, H2O, C2H5OH, and O2 will be present if the reaction goes to completion?
4,6,0,1 molecule
At what speed (m/s) must a 3.0-mg object be moving in order to have a de Broglie wavelength of 5.4 × 10-29 m?
4.1 m/s
Electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 640 nm appears as orange light to the human eye. The frequency of this light is ________ s-1.
4.688 × 10^14
The wavelength of light emitted from a traffic light having a frequency of 7.33×1014 Hz is ________ nm.
409
What is the percentage of oxygen, by mass, in calcium phosphate?
41.3
The Statue of Liberty is 151 ft tall. Calculate its height in meters. Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units.
46.0 m
6.3050 cm Express your answer as an integer.
5 sigfigs
7.0500×10 − 3m3. Express your answer as an integer.
5 sig figs
Which number has four significant figures?
5,000,625 --->>>> 25.00 1.1 × 103 0.0001
How many milliliters of coconut oil weigh 4.71 grams if the density of coconut oil is 0.925 g/cm3?
5.09 mL
The energy of a photon that has a frequency of 8.21 × 1015 s-1 is ________ J.
5.44 × 10-18
An automobile's luggage compartment has a volume of 1.55 × 105 cm3. What is its volume in ft3?
5.47 ft3
How many oxygen atoms are contained in 2.74 g of Al2(SO4)3?
5.79 × 10^22
Sulfur and fluorine react in a combination reaction to produce sulfur hexafluoride: S (s) + 3F2(g) → SF6 (g) The maximum amount of SF6 that can be produced from the reaction of 3.5 g of sulfur with 4.5 g of fluorine is ________ g.
5.8
Calculate the pH of a solution that contains 6.25x10^-9 M OH- at 25C. Identify the solution as acidic, basic, or neautral
5.80, Acidic
Approximately what percentage of U.S. electricity is generated by the burning of coal?
50%
At any given time, what proportion of the world's hospital beds are occupied by people with waterborne diseases? A) 20% B) 25% C) 50% D) 80%
50%
The atomic number of an atom of 130Xe is ________.
54
A bumblebee flies with a ground speed of 15.3 m/s . Calculate its speed in km/h. Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units.
55.1 km/h
Given the following reactions H2O (l) → H2O (g) ΔH = 44.01 kJ 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2H2O (g) ΔH = -483.64 kJ the enthalpy for the decomposition of liquid water into gaseous hydrogen and oxygen 2H2O (l) → 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) is ________ kJ.
571.66
Burning 1 mol of methane to form carbon dioxide and water produces 192 kcal of energy. How much energy is produced when 3 mol of methane is burned?
576kcal
Each p-subshell can accommodate a maximum of ________ electrons.
6
When the overall equation for the photosynthesis process is written and balanced, how many molecules of water are required to make one glucose molecule, C6H12O6?
6
Which of the following stoichiometric factors would be used to convert from moles of NH3 to moles of H2O for the reaction: 4NH3 + 5O2 → 4NO + 6H2O
6 mol H2O/4 mol NH3
reaction. This can be gleaned from the third postulate in Dalton's series. Magnesium oxide decomposes into magnesium and oxygen. If 16.12 g of magnesium oxide decomposes to form 9.72 g of magnesium, what mass of oxygen gas is also released in the reaction?
6.40g
What mass (g) of barium iodide is contained in 313mL of a barium iodide solution that has an iodide ion concentration of 0.110M?
6.73
Approximately what percentage of the chemical energy of a fossil fuel electrical power plant is "lost" as heat energy?
60%
In a titration of 35.00 mL of 0.737 M H2SO4, ________ mL of a 0.827 M KOH solution is required for neutralization.
62.4
Given the following reactions 2NO → N2 + O2 ΔH = -180 kJ 2NO + O2 → 2NO2 ΔH = -112 kJ the enthalpy of the reaction of nitrogen with oxygen to produce nitrogen dioxide N2 + 2O2 → 2NO2 is ________ kJ.
68
The largest principal quantum number in the ground state electron configuration of francium is ________.
7
Approximately what percentage of electricity generated in the United States is hydroelectric?
7%
A solution has [H+]=5.0X10^-8M. The pH of this solution is
7.30
The pH=-log[H+] for a solution. The pOH=-log[OH-] for a solution. The pH and pOH are related, and their sum is equal to 14 (pH+pOH=14). If the solution has a pH of 6, what is the pOH?
8
The ion O2− has _____ protons and _____ electrons.
8, 10
The molecular formula mass of this compound is 240 amu . What are the subscripts in the actual molecular formula? Enter the subscripts for C, H, and O,
8,16,8
The de Broglie wavelength of an electron is 8.7 × 10-11 m. The mass of an electron is 9.1 × 10-31 kg. The velocity of this electron is ________ m/s.
8.4 × 106
A slice of apple pie contains 14.0 grams of fat, 2.00 grams of protein, and 52.0 grams of carbohydrate. The respective fuel values for protein, fat, and carbohydrate are 17, 38, and 17 kJ/g, respectively. If cycling typically burns 1000.0 kJ/hour, ________ minutes of cycling are required to completely burn off the slice of pie.
87
The British thermal unit (Btu) is commonly used in engineering applications. A Btu is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 lb of water by 1 °F. There are ________ Btu in one Joule. 1 lb = 453.59 g; °C = (5/9)(°F - 32°); specific heat of H2O (l) = 4.184 J/g-K.
9.278 × 10-4 Btu
Approximately what percentage of the energy used to support our current lifestyle comes from fossil fuels?
90%
A gasoline with an octane rating of 90 would give the same performance in a standard test engine as a mixture of
90% isooctane and 10% heptane.
Given the following analysis of coal samples, which is the best fuel?
95% C, 5% O (highest percentage of C)
What percentage of water on the earth is seawater, and hence, unfit for drinking? A) 2% B) 25% C) 45% D) 98%
98%
How many different structural isomers are there for a hydrocarbon with the formula C6H14?
>4
Which of the following has led to a rapid increase in the worlds population since 1900?
A decrease in the Death rate
Which of the following is NOT a potential problem with a sanitary landfill?
A landfill may leak and contaminate groundwater, Materials in a landfill decompose more slowly than materials that are exposed to environmental conditions, and the landfill will eventually fill up are all potential problems
Ammonia is classified as a weak base in water. This means that is produces
A relatively small fraction of the maximum number of possible hydroxide ions
Which of the following does NOT result in an increase in entropy?
A student cleans his dorm room.
16) Which of the following alkanes will have the lowest boiling point? A) CH4 B) C6H14 C) C16H34 D) C19H40
A)
17) A molecular formula of an alkane is A) C7H16. B) C6H12. C) C5H10. D) C4H8.
A)
19) All of the following are properties of hydrocarbons EXCEPT A) they have a higher density than water. B) their boiling points increase as the number of carbons increases. C) they burn readily. D) they are good solvents for nonpolar substances.
A)
3) An organic compound is best defined as A) a compound containing carbon. B) a compound of carbon and hydrogen. C) a compound produced by a living organism. D) a compound that is NOT produced in a laboratory
A)
30) Which of the following is an alkene? A) propene B) propyne C) propane D) xylene
A)
36) Alcohols are characterized by which functional group? A) hydroxyl B) carboxyl C) halide D) ester
A)
38) Citronellol, C10H19OH, is a constituent of rose and germanium oils. It is used in perfumery. Chemically, citronellol is an A) alcohol. B) acid. C) alkane. D) amine.
A)
44) The -COOH group represents the A) carboxyl group. B) carbonyl group. C) alcohol group. D) aldehyde group.
A)
46) Amines are derivatives of A) ammonia. B) methane. C) water. D) amino acids.
A)
47) The compound CH3NH2 is called A) methylamine. B) dimethylamine. C) trimethylamine. D) methyl ammonia.
A)
49) Alkaloids, like morphine, caffeine, nicotine and cocaine, are heterocyclic A) amines. B) amides. C) ethers. D) esters.
A)
49) What percentage of hydrocarbons found in the atmosphere result from human activity? - A) 15% B) 40 % C) 95 % D) 75 %
A) 15%
91) Which of the following greenhouse gases is most efficient at trapping heat? - A) CFCs B) CH4 C) CO2 D) H2O
A) CFCs
52) Which of the following statements about crystalline and amorphous polymers is correct? A) Crystalline polymers tend to be stronger, while amorphous polymers tend to have great elasticity. B) Crystalline polymers tend to have greater elasticity, while amorphous polymers tend to be stronger. C) Both crystalline and amorphous polymers are strong but have little elasticity. D) Both crystalline and amorphous polymers have great elasticity but have little strength.
A) Crystalline polymers tend to be stronger, while amorphous polymers tend to have great elasticity.
63) The most commonly recycled plastics are A) HDPE and PET. B) PET and PS. C) HDPEand PS. D) PET and styrene-butadiene.
A) HDPE and PET.
27) The word smog is believed to have originated in - A) London.B) Los Angeles.C) Mexico City.D) Buenos Aires.
A) London
34) Sulfur dioxide reacts with oxygen to form - A) SO3. B) S2O3. C) S3O5. D) H2SO4.
A) SO3
How does the monomer of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) differ from the monomer of polyethylene (PE)? A) The PVC monomer has a chlorine atom, but the PE monomer does not. B) The PVC monomer has two chlorine atoms, but the PE monomer does not. C) The PE monomer has one chlorine atom, and the PVC monomer has two chlorine atoms. D) The PVC monomer has a triple bond, and the PE monomer has a double bond.
A) The PVC monomer has a chlorine atom, but the PE monomer does not.
63) Which of the following statements about catalytic converters is NOT correct? - A) The reaction surface area is unrelated to the efficiency of the converter. B) They use a metal catalyst such as Pt or Pd. C) They catalyze the conversion of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides to less harmful compounds. D) The catalyst adheres either to a honeycomb support or to small ceramic beads.
A) The reaction surface area is unrelated to the efficiency of the converter.
Vinegar is a solution of ________ in water. A) acetic acid B) butyric acid C) formic acid D) propionic acid
A) acetic acid
The compound below is commonly known as O // CH3-C-CH3 A) acetone. B) acetaldehyde. C) benzaldehyde. D) formaldehyde.
A) acetone.
Alkaloids, like morphine, caffeine, nicotine and cocaine, are heterocyclic A) amines. B) amides. C) ethers. D) esters.
A) amines.
The following multifunctional compound is a(n) H O / // H-N-C-C-OH / / H H A) amino acid. B) ester. C) nucleic acid. D) protein.
A) amino acid.
Amines are derivatives of A) ammonia. B) methane. C) water. D) amino acids.
A) ammonia.
Monomers A) are small building blocks of polymers. B) are small polymers. C) are ethylene. D) cannot form polymers.
A) are small building blocks of polymers.
This substance is an ester of the phenol group of salicylic acid with acetic acid and is commonly called A) aspirin. B) Maalox. C) Milk of Magnesia. D) Tylenol.
A) aspirin.
55) The major source of photochemical smog is - A) automobile emissions. B) industrial emissions. C) fossil fuel power plant emissions. D) nuclear power plant emissions.
A) automobile emissions.
The main use of elastomers is A) automobile tires. B) synthetic body parts. C) waxed paper. D) wigs.
A) automobile tires.
29) The pendant group in polystyrene is a(n) A) benzene ring. B) chlorine atom. C) ethyl group. D) methyl group.
A) benzene ring.
The pendant group in polystyrene is a(n) A) benzene ring. B) chlorine atom. C) ethyl group. D) methyl group.
A) benzene ring.
7) The first "practical" application of celluloid was A) billiard balls. B) movie film. C) stiff collars. D) airplane wings.
A) billiard balls.
The first "practical" application of celluloid was A) billiard balls. B) movie film. C) stiff collars. D) airplane wings.
A) billiard balls.
93) Which of the following activities would NOT lower the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere? - A) building coal-fired power plants B) concentrating emitted CO2 in large underground reservoirs C) planting trees D) stopping deforestation
A) building coal-fired power plants
Amino acids are multifunctional compounds that contain A) carboxyl and amine groups. B) carboxyl and amide groups. C) ester and amine groups. D) aldehyde and amide groups.
A) carboxyl and amine groups.
The -COOH group represents the A) carboxyl group. B) carbonyl group. C) alcohol group. D) aldehyde group.
A) carboxyl group.
5) Which of the following is NOT a naturally occurring polymer? A) celluloid B) cellulose C) starch D) All of the above are naturally occurring polymers.
A) celluloid
Which of the following is NOT a naturally occurring polymer? A) celluloid B) cellulose C) starch D) wool
A) celluloid
6) Celluloid is a chemical modification of which natural product? A) cellulose B) cells C) ivory D) cellophane
A) cellulose
Celluloid is a chemical modification of which natural product? A) cellulose B) cells C) ivory D) cellophane
A) cellulose
46) The presence of nitrogen dioxide in smog is most easily recognized by - A) color. B) odor. C) taste. D) odor.
A) color.
Polystyrene is not used for A) condiment bottles. B) disposable coffee cups. C) material for packing. D) home insulation.
A) condiment bottles.
One of the primary ingredients in vinegar is A) ethanoic acid. B) propanoic acid. C) formic acid. D) hydrochloric acid.
A) ethanoic acid.
A green chemistry improvement for the synthesis of Zoloft, an antidepressant, was the substitution of ________ for less environmentally-friendly solvents. A) ethanol B) toluene C) hexane D) dichloromethane
A) ethanol
Carbon can exist is several forms. Which of the following is a form of carbon and does not contain other atoms besides carbon? A) fullerenes B) celluloid C) cellulose D) starch
A) fullerenes
70) Radon is released from soil and rock where it is produced because radon is a - A) gas. B) liquid. C) solid. D) plasma.
A) gas.
44) The temperature in many parts of the world can range between 0°C and 40°C, therefore we want the Tg of car tires to be A) greater than 40°C. B) less than 40°C but greater than 0°C. C) exactly 0°C. D) less than 0°C.
A) greater than 40°C.
89) The term "greenhouse effect" is derived from the fact that - A) greenhouse gases act like the glass in a greenhouse. B) increasing global temperatures will make the earth a better greenhouse. C) green things absorb heat energy most efficiently. D) the effect is caused by green plants.
A) greenhouse gases act like the glass in a greenhouse.
Vulcanization makes rubber A) hard. B) sticky. C) soft. D) less elastic.
A) hard.
13) Thermoplastic polymers may be A) heated and reformed. B) heated, but not reformed. C) decomposed by heating. D) changed in color by heating.
A) heated and reformed.
Thermoplastic polymers may be A) heated and reformed. B) heated, but not reformed. C) decomposed by heating. D) changed in color by heating.
A) heated and reformed.
HDPE stands for A) high-density polyethylene. B) hot-dipped polyethylene. C) high-dose polyethylene. D) highly-diffuse polyethylene.
A) high-density polyethylene.
15) With respect to reactivity, oxygen is best classified as - A) highly reactive. B) somewhat reactive. C) relatively unreactive. D) comparable to helium in its reactivity.
A) highly reactive
80) In the troposphere, the reactivity of CFCs is - A) low. B) moderate. C) high. D) comparable to neon.
A) low.
18) An atmospheric inversion is a phenomenon that may have disastrous effects with respect to air pollution. An atmospheric inversion occurs when a - A) lower layer of cool air is trapped by an upper layer of warmer air.B) lower layer of warm air is trapped by an upper layer of cooler air.C) lower layer of oxygen rich air is trapped by an upper layer of oxygen deficient air.D) lower layer of oxygen deficient air is trapped by an upper layer of oxygen rich air.
A) lower layer of cool air is trapped by an upper layer of warmer air.
The word polymer means A) many parts. B) many sides. C) many rings. D) many carbons.
A) many parts.
The compound CH3NH2 is called A) methylamine. B) dimethylamine. C) trimethylamine. D) methyl ammonia.
A) methylamine.
57) The day starts out bright and sunny. Later, a brown haze develops. This indicates the presence of - A) nitrogen dioxide. B) ozone. C) carbon monoxide. D) methane.
A) nitrogen dioxide.
21) The monomer of PVC differs from the monomer of PE by A) one atom. B) two atoms. C) three atoms. D) four atoms.
A) one atom.
30) The monomer from which polyethylene is made has ________ attached to the C=C. A) only H atoms B) a Cl atom C) a benzene ring D) a methyl group
A) only H atoms
The monomer from which polyethylene is made has ________ attached to the C=C. A) only H atoms B) a Cl atom C) a benzene ring D) a methyl group
A) only H atoms
2) The word polymer means many A) parts. B) sides. C) rings. D) carbons.
A) parts.
39) When polyester is formed as a film as opposed to a fiber, it is used in A) party balloons. B) floor tile. C) bulletproof vests. D) artificial limbs.
A) party balloons.
LDPE finds applications as A) plastic film. B) threaded bottle caps. C) drain pipes. D) plastic television trays.
A) plastic film.
24) A polymer that conducts electricity is A) polyacetylene. B) polyethylene. C) polyvinyl chloride. D) polystyrene.
A) polyacetylene.
A polymer that conducts electricity is A) polyacetylene. B) polyethylene. C) polyvinyl chloride. D) polystyrene.
A) polyacetylene.
57) Toxic hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is generated by burning A) polyacrylonitrile (acrylics). B) styrofoam. C) polyvinyl chloride (vinyl plastics). D) polyethylene.
A) polyacrylonitrile (acrylics).
25) This formula in which n can be a very large number represents which of the following polymers? H H | | -[-C - C-]-n | | H H A) polyethylene B) polyvinyl chloride C) polypropylene D) teflon
A) polyethylene
This formula in which n can be a very large number represents which of the following polymers? H H / / [-C-C-]n / / H H A) polyethylene B) polyvinyl chloride C) polypropylene D) teflon
A) polyethylene
16) The polymer segment ~CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2~ represents A) polyethylene. B) polypropylene. C) polystyrene. D) polyvinyl chloride.
A) polyethylene.
The most widely used synthetic polymer is A) polyethylene. B) polyvinyl chloride. C) polystyrene. D) polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon).
A) polyethylene.
The polymer segment ~CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2~ represents A) polyethylene. B) polypropylene. C) polystyrene. D) polyvinyl chloride.
A) polyethylene.
36) One of the disadvantages of polybutadiene rubber for automobile tires is A) poor resistance to gasoline and oils. B) its color. C) density. D) expense.
A) poor resistance to gasoline and oils.
One of the disadvantages of polybutadiene rubber for automobile tires is A) poor resistance to gasoline and oils. B) its color. C) density. D) expense.
A) poor resistance to gasoline and oils.
11) High-density polyethylene is composed of A) primarily linear, unbranched chains of polyethylene in a close packing arrangement. B) primarily highly branched, non-linear chains of polyethylene in a diffuse packing arrangement. C) a mixture of polyethylene and polystyrene. D) polyethylene with high density plasticizers added to increase density.
A) primarily linear, unbranched chains of polyethylene in a close packing arrangement.
High-density polyethylene is composed of A) primarily linear, unbranched chains of polyethylene in a close packing arrangement. B) primarily highly branched, non-linear chains of polyethylene in a diffuse packing arrangement. C) a mixture of polyethylene and polystyrene. D) polyethylene with high density plasticizers added to increase density.
A) primarily linear, unbranched chains of polyethylene in a close packing arrangement.
The compound below is called O // CH3CH2-C-OH A) propanoic acid. B) ethanoic acid. C) formic acid. D) acetic acid.
A) propanoic acid.
48) Amorphous polymers are composed of A) randomly organized polymer chains. B) highly organized polymer chains. C) a mixture of random and highly organized polymer chains. D) none of the above
A) randomly organized polymer chains.
1) Monomers are A) small building blocks of polymers. B) small polymers. C) ethylene. D) all of the above
A) small building blocks of polymers.
64) All of the following statements about biodegradable polymers are true EXCEPT A) some can biodegrade by composting. B) the most sustainable approach is to use renewable resources, especially non-food crops, as a monomer source. C) their glass transition temperatures are very high. D) many require microorganisms to degrade them.
A) some can biodegrade by composting.
29) London smog is attributed primarily to - A) the burning of coal.B) automobile exhaust.C) sunlight and nitrogen oxides.D) ozone.
A) the burning of coal
54) One of the advantages of incinerating plastics is A) the high fuel value. B) no air pollution. C) all polymers burn efficiently. D) All of the above are advantages of incinerating plastics.
A) the high fuel value.
15) A copolymer is composed of A) two or more different monomers. B) different polymers linked end to end. C) different polymers cross-linked. D) none of the above
A) two or more different monomers.
A copolymer is composed of A) two or more different monomers. B) different polymers linked end to end. C) different polymers cross-linked. D) none of the above
A) two or more different monomers.
69) The ultimate source of radon in the environment is from the radioactive decay of naturally occurring - A) uranium. B) xenon. C) thorium. D) polonium.
A) uranium.
76) In terms of reactivity, ozone is best classified as - A) very reactive. B) somewhat reactive. C) unreactive. D) similar to He.
A) very reactive.
33) Elastomers are synthetic polymers that mimic the properties of A) vulcanized rubber. B) polyethylene. C) celluloid. D) PVC.
A) vulcanized rubber.
Elastomers are synthetic polymers that mimic the properties of A) vulcanized rubber. B) polyethylene. C) celluloid. D) PVC.
A) vulcanized rubber.
The feature that makes iron a useful material is its a. resistance to corrosion. b. low weight to strength ratio. c. high weight to strength ratio. d. ability to form a variety of alloys with a variety of metals.
Ability to form a variety of alloys with a variety of metals
The species CH3OOH reacts with water to form CH3OO- and H3O+. In this reaction, CH3OOH is acting as a(n)
Acid
Which of the following is NOT true of the Arrhenius theory?
Acids are defined as compounds that produce OH- ions in water solution
Which of the following statements about addition and condensation polymers is true?
Addition polymers contain all of the atoms of the original monomers, but condensation polymers do not.
Aluminum hydroxide is a popular antacid. The formula of Aluminum hydroxide is
Al(OH)3
Aluminum hydroxide is a popular antacid. The formula of aluminum hydroxide is a. AlOH. b. Al(OH)2. c. Al(OH)3. d. Al3OH.
Al(OH)3.
Give the correct formula for aluminum sulfate. a. Al2SO4 b. Al(SO4)3 c. Al3(SO4)2 d. Al2(SO4)3 e. AlSO4
Al2(SO4)3
Aluminum sulfide reacts with water to form aluminum hydroxide and hydrogen sulfide. Write the balanced chemical equation for this reaction.
Al2S3(s)+6H2O(l)→2Al(OH)3(s)+3H2S(g)
Which of the following is a form of nitrogen fixation? A) N2 + O2 + energy(lightning) → 2 NO B) N2 + 3 H2 → 2 NH3 C) N2 + bacteria → nitrates D) All are forms of nitrogen fixation.
All are forms of nitrogen fixation
Which of the following is a hazard of using organic solvents in the home? Organic solvents are A) flammable. B) toxic. C) volatile. D) All of the above are hazards.
All of the above are hazards.
New processes in solid waste disposal include a. using a mixture of ground up tires and powdered coal as fuel. b. adding waste glass and rubber tires to road-paving mixtures for use in road construction. c. converting garbage to oil. d. All of the above are new processes for waste disposal
All of the above are new processes for waste disposal
Which of the following is NOT a potential problem with a sanitary landfill? a. A landfill may leak and contaminate groundwater. b. Materials in a landfill decompose more slowly than materials that are exposed to environmental conditions. c. The landfill will eventually fill up. d. All of the above are potential problems of landfills.
All of the above are potential problems of landfills.
According to kinetic-molecular theory, reactions occur more rapidly at higher temperatures because
All of the above are true. All: Molecules move faster at higher temps, molecules collide more frequently at higher temps, and molecules have more energy at higher temps.
Which of the following is used to remove particulate matter from smokestack gases? A) bag filtration B) electrostatic precipitators C) wet scrubbers D) All of the above are used to remove particulate matter.
All of the above are used to remove particulate matter
Children exposed to secondhand smoke have a higher risk of all of the following EXCEPT A) bronchitis. B) sinus infections. C) sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). D) All of the above risks are higher.
All of the above risks are higher
Increasing the atmospheric concentration of which of the following gases would contribute to global warming? A) carbon dioxide B) CFCs C) methane D) All of the above would contribute to global warming.
All of the above would contribute to global warming.
Which of the following human activities contribute significantly to increased water pollution? A) oil spills B) releasing industrial wastes C) pouring household chemicals, outdated medicines, etc. down the drain D) All of these contribute significantly to water pollution
All of these contribute significantly to water pollution
Which of the following human activities contribute significantly to increased water pollution? A) oil spills B) releasing industrial wastes C) pouring household chemicals, outdated medicines, etc. down the drain D) All of these contribute significantly to water pollution.
All of these contribute significantly to water pollution.
Which of the following human activities contributed to the pollution of our ancestral air? A) Discovering, making, and using tools contributed to air pollution. B) The discovery and use of fire contributed to air pollution. C) The development of crop farming contributed to air pollution. D) All of these contributed to air pollution.
All of these contributed to air pollution
Which of the following will cause the rate of a chemical reaction to speed up?
All of these will speed up the rate of a reaction. Includes: Adding a catalyst, increasing the concentration of reactants, and raising the temperature
Aluminum is more reactive than Iron is, but iron corrodes more quickly. This occurs because
Aluminum develops a coating of aluminum oxide, which protects it from further reaction
Acid rain is caused by acidic pollutants in the air. Which of the following pollutants does NOT contribute to acid rain?
Ammonia, NH3
Which of the following has resulted from the increase in wold population?
An increase in waste generation
1) Carbon monoxide blocks the ability of ________ to bind and transport ________.
Answer: hemoglobin, oxygen
3) Los Angeles smog is more commonly referred to as ________ smog.
Answer: photochemical
4) What are the major industrial sources of acid rain?
Answer: power plants, smelting
[Ar]4s23d104p3 is the electron configuration of a(n) ________ atom.
As
Copper in NOT commonly used for
Automobile bodies
What number would you use to convert number of molecules of CH4 to moles of CH4?
Avogadro's number, 6.02×1023/1 mol
11) How many different structural isomers are there for a hydrocarbon with the formula C4H10 ? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
B)
20) The chemical formula of cyclopropane is A) C3H3. B) C3H6. C) C3H7. D) C3H8.
B)
27) Which of the following compounds is saturated? A) butene B) butane C) propyne D) butadiene
B)
28) A molecular formula of an alkene is A) C7H16. B) C9H18. C) C5H8. D) C6H6.
B)
33) Chlorinated hydrocarbons have been used as A) fuels. B) insecticides. C) propellants. D) refrigerants.
B)
35) In organic chemistry, compounds are generally classified by A) state. B) functional group. C) color. D) odor.
B)
39) The main ingredient in most antifreezes is A) ethanol. B) ethylene glycol. C) glycerol. D) gasoline.
B)
4) The element whose atoms have a unique ability to bond to each other and to other kinds of atoms is ________. A) sodium B) carbon C) sulfur D) nitrogen
B)
42) The simplest aldehyde is A) acetaldehyde. B) formaldehyde. C) benzaldehyde. D) unaldehyde
B)
45) Many of the flavors isolated from foods are A) carboxylic acids. B) esters. C) alcohols. D) ketones.
B)
6) The unique aspect of a saturated hydrocarbon is that it must contain A) only carbon and hydrogen. B) only single bonds. C) single and double bonds. D) single, double and triple bonds.
B)
Benzene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon. Which of the following is NOT a property of benzene? A) Benzene is a liquid at room temperature. B) Benzene undergoes the same reactions that other unsaturated hydrocarbons do. C) Benzene contains only carbon and hydrogen. D) Benzene has a ring of carbon atoms in its structure.
B) Benzene undergoes the same reactions that other unsaturated hydrocarbons do.
The formula for propyne is A) C3H6. B) C3H4. C) C3H8. D) C3H3.
B) C3H4.
The chemical formula of cyclopropane is A) C3H3. B) C3H6. C) C3H7. D) C3H8.
B) C3H6.
An example of a molecular formula of an alkene is A) C7H16. B) C5H10. C) C5H8. D) C6H6.
B) C5H10.
The monomer of polypropylene is A) CH2CH2. B) CH2CH—CH3. C) CH3CH3. D) CH3CH2CH3.
B) CH2CH—CH3.
The condensed structural formula for the molecule below is CH3 / CH3CH2CH / CH3 A) CH3CH2C(CH3)2CH3. B) CH3CH2CH(CH3)2. C) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3. D) none of the above
B) CH3CH2CH(CH3)2.
Which substance causes fetal alcohol syndrome? A) CH3OH B) CH3CH2OH C) CH3CHOHCH3 D) CH3OCH3
B) CH3CH2OH
Which of the following is NOT a reason for the great variety of organic molecules? A) The ability of carbon to form chains B) Carbon atoms can form more than four bonds. C) Isomerism D) Carbon forms bonds with a variety of elements, including H, O, N, Cl and Br.
B) Carbon atoms can form more than four bonds.
Vulcanization of rubber was discovered by A) Charles Goodrich. B) Charles Goodyear. C) Charles Firestone. D) Charles Vulcan.
B) Charles Goodyear.
The correct structure for benzene was proposed by ________ in 1865. A) Boyle B) Kekule C) Faraday D) Curie
B) Kekule
74) Liquid crystal display (LCD) monitors have largely replaced cathode ray tube (CRT) display monitors for televisions and computers. Which of the following is a problem that results from use of LCD monitors? - A) The LCD monitors need to be shielded with lead, and lead is a toxic metal. B) Large amounts of nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) are used in production of LCDs, and much of it is released to the atmosphere. NF3 is a greenhouse gas that is much more efficient at trapping atmospheric heat than other greenhouse gases, such as CO2. C) LCD monitors use less energy than CRT monitors do. D) Manufacturing of LCD monitors releases much more CO2 into the atmosphere than manufacturing of CRT monitors did.
B) Large amounts of nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) are used in production of LCDs, and much of it is released to the atmosphere. NF3 is a greenhouse gas that is much more efficient at trapping atmospheric heat than other greenhouse gases, such as CO2.
56) The primary reaction in the formation of photochemical smog is - A) 2 NO + O2 = 2 NO2. B) NO2 + sunlight = NO + O. C) O + O2 = O3. D) O3 + hydrocarbons = aldehydes.
B) NO2 + sunlight = NO + O.
25) Which of the following statements about ozone is correct? - A) Ozone is a pollutant in both the troposphere and the stratosphere.B) Ozone is a pollutant in the troposphere but not in the stratosphere.C) Ozone is a pollutant in the stratosphere but not in the troposphere.D) Ozone is a not a pollutant in either the troposphere or the stratosphere.
B) Ozone is a pollutant in the troposphere but not in the stratosphere.
59) Production of PCBs was discontinued in 1977, yet PCBs are still found in the environment. The reason for this is A) PCBs are formed naturally by plants and animals. B) PCBs are very stable molecules. C) PCBs are very reactive molecules. D) PCBs are imported from other countries where their production is not banned.
B) PCBs are very stable molecules.
22) One of the earliest recorded records of polluted air was written by the Roman ________ in 61 A.D. - A) Caesar Augustus B) Seneca C) Cato the Elder D) Pliny
B) Seneca
8) Which of the following statements is NOT true? - A) The temperature of the mesosphere falls as you get farther from the earth's surface.B) The temperature of the stratosphere falls as you get farther from the earth's surface.C) The temperature of the stratosphere rises as you get farther from the earth's surface.D) The temperature of the troposphere falls as you get farther from the earth's surface.
B) The temperature of the stratosphere falls as you get farther from the earth's surface
3) Which statement relating monomers and polymers is correct? A) They have the same chemical and physical properties. B) They have different chemical and physical properties. C) The monomer is usually a solid, while the polymer is usually a liquid or gas. D) They have the same chemical formula.
B) They have different chemical and physical properties.
Which statement relating monomers and polymers is correct? A) They have the same chemical and physical properties. B) They have different chemical and physical properties. C) The monomer is usually a solid, while the polymer is usually a liquid or gas. D) They have the same chemical formula.
B) They have different chemical and physical properties.
36) Sulfur dioxide is readily absorbed in the respiratory system where it is - A) soothing. B) a powerful irritant. C) mildly irritating. D) unreactive.
B) a powerful irritant.
The compound below is commonly known as O // CH3-C-H A) acetone. B) acetaldehyde. C) benzaldehyde. D) formaldehyde.
B) acetaldehyde.
The name of CH3CONH2 is A) methanamide. B) acetamide. C) ethylamine. D) ethanoic acid.
B) acetamide.
The compound below is a(n) O // CH3CH2C-H A) carboxylic acid. B) aldehyde. C) ketone. D) alcohol.
B) aldehyde.
The reaction between a carboxylic acid and an amine yields a(n) A) aldehyde. B) amide. C) ester. D) ketone.
B) amide.
Which of the following families of organic compounds does NOT contain an oxygen atom? A) alcohol B) amine C) carboxylic acid D) ketone
B) amine
Amines are A) acidic. B) basic. C) neutral. D) variable with respect to acid/base behavior.
B) basic.
47) The temperature inside the mouth is about 37°C. Polyvinyl acetate, a polymer used in chewing gum, has a Tg A) above 37°C. B) below 37°C. C) exactly 37°C. D) above 100°C.
B) below 37°C.
37) The substance in paints that hardens to form a continuous surface coating is called a A) pigment. B) binder. C) solvent. D) thinner.
B) binder.
The substance in paints that hardens to form a continuous surface coating is called a A) pigment. B) binder. C) solvent. D) thinner.
B) binder.
One of the compounds that is present in rancid butter and body odor is A) acetic acid. B) butanoic acid. C) benzaldehyde. D) formaldehyde.
B) butanoic acid.
4) The most important of the minor components of dry air is - A) argon.B) carbon dioxide.C) helium.D) neon.
B) carbon dioxide
5) The concentration of which component of the atmosphere has increased dramatically since the beginning of the industrial era? - A) argonB) carbon dioxideC) oxygenD) nitrogen
B) carbon dioxide
6) Which component of the atmosphere is predicted to rise in the foreseeable future? - A) argonB) carbon dioxideC) nitrogenD) oxygen
B) carbon dioxide
59) Catalytic converters on automobiles are designed to reduce the emission of - A) nitrogen oxides. B) carbon monoxide. C) carbon dioxide. D) sulfur oxides.
B) carbon monoxide.
92) The process for removing CO2 from the atmosphere or collecting it from large emission sources and storing it in underground reservoirs is known as - A) carbonation. B) carbon sequestration. C) climate change. D) greenhouse control.
B) carbon sequestration.
The element whose atoms have a unique ability to bond to each other and to other kinds of atoms is A) sodium. B) carbon. C) sulfur. D) nitrogen.
B) carbon.
38) The reaction 2 CaO(s) + 2 SO2(g) + O2(g) ? 2 CaSO4(s) is the basis of - A) electrostatic precipitators. B) chemical SO2 scrubbers. C) particulate removal. D) The reaction is the basis of all of the above.
B) chemical SO2 scrubbers
86) All of the following gases come in part from natural sources EXCEPT - A) carbon dioxide. B) chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). C) nitrogen oxides. D) sulfur dioxide.
B) chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).
The compound formed by the reaction of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol is a(n) A) aldehyde. B) ester. C) ether. D) ketone.
B) ester.
The compound below is called O // H-C-H A) acetone. B) formaldehyde. C) formic acid. D) methanol.
B) formaldehyde.
19) Which of the following types of carbon consists of one-atom-thick planar sheets of carbons? A) buckyballs B) graphene C) graphite D) nanotubes
B) graphene
Which of the following types of carbon consists of one-atom-thick planar sheets of carbons? A) buckyballs B) graphene C) graphite D) nanotubes
B) graphene
51) Plexiglas is a polymethyl methacrylate polymer that is used as a glass substitute. The Tg of Plexiglas is A) low. B) high. C) moderate. D) not important.
B) high.
49) Crystalline polymers are composed of A) randomly organized polymer chains. B) highly organized polymer chains. C) a mixture of random and highly organized polymer chains. D) none of the above
B) highly organized polymer chains.
24) A definition of a pollutant is a chemical - A) in the wrong place but at the right concentration.B) in the wrong place and at the wrong concentration.C) in the right place but at the wrong concentration.D) in the right place and at the right concentration.
B) in the wrong place and at the wrong concentration.
Rubbing alcohol contains A) ethanol. B) isopropyl alcohol. C) n-propyl alcohol. D) methanol.
B) isopropyl alcohol.
The compound below is called CH3 / CH3-C-NH2 / H A) propanamide. B) isopropylamine. C) ethylamine. D) methylamine.
B) isopropylamine.
51) When gasoline undergoes complete combustion, carbon dioxide and water are produced. However, these reactions are generally incomplete combustions, and there are side reactions which produce small amounts of harmful products. These pollutants include all of the following EXCEPT - A) carbon monoxide. B) lead. C) nitrogen oxides. D) volatile organic compounds.
B) lead.
The first attempts to make synthetic polymers involved A) combining monomers of ethylene to form polyethylene. B) modifying a naturally occurring polymer to form celluloid. C) compression molding. D) the synthesis of polyamides.
B) modifying a naturally occurring polymer to form celluloid.
53) Carbon monoxide reacts with hemoglobin and interferes with its ability to transport oxygen. Which other gas also can react with hemoglobin when it is present in high concentrations? - A) nitrogen (N2) B) nitric oxide (NO) C) sulfur dioxide (SO2) D) sulfur trioxide (SO3)
B) nitric oxide (NO)
75) Which of the following gases is most efficient at trapping atmospheric heat? - A) carbon dioxide (CO2) B) nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) C) water (H2O) D) methane (CH4)
B) nitrogen trifluoride (NF3)
What is Teflon used for? A) food wrap B) nonstick cookware C) bullet-proof vests D) garbage bags
B) nonstick cookware
Compounds related to the heterocyclics pyrimidine and purine are constituents of A) amino acids. B) nucleic acids. C) proteins. D) plastics.
B) nucleic acids.
38) One example of a condensation polymer is A) polyethylene. B) nylon. C) Teflon. D) polystyrene.
B) nylon.
14) A major source of oxygen on Earth is - A) ozone. B) ocean based phytoplankton. C) animals. D) decomposition of water in the oceans.
B) ocean based phytoplankton.
The word monomer means A) one bond. B) one unit. C) many bonds. D) many rings.
B) one unit.
61) The source of starting materials for synthetic polymers is primarily A) plants. B) petroleum and natural gas. C) recycled plastics. D) animals.
B) petroleum and natural gas.
40) The segment of a polymer shown below represents a O O || || ~C-CH2CH2-C-OCH2CH2O~ A) polyamide. B) polyester. C) polyethylene. D) polystyrene.
B) polyester.
8) Which of the following is the simplest synthetic polymer? A) polymethane B) polyethylene C) polyvinyl chloride D) polystyrene
B) polyethylene
Which of the following is the simplest synthetic polymer? A) polymethane B) polyethylene C) polyvinyl chloride D) polystyrene
B) polyethylene
Plexiglass is A) polyvinyl chloride. B) polymethyl methacrylate. C) polytetrafluoroethylene. D) polyvinyl acetate.
B) polymethyl methacrylate.
18) Carbon can exist in several forms. Which of the following is NOT a form of carbon and contains other atoms besides carbon? A) graphite B) polystyrene C) graphene D) diamond
B) polystyrene
27) This formula in which n can be a very large number represents which of the following polymers? H H | | -[-C - C-]-n | | H Cl A) polyethylene B) polyvinyl chloride C) polypropylene D) teflon
B) polyvinyl chloride
This formula in which n can be a very large number represents which of the following polymers? H H / / [-C-C-]n / / H Cl A) polyethylene B) polyvinyl chloride C) polypropylene D) teflon
B) polyvinyl chloride
Low-density polyethylene is composed of A) primarily linear, unbranched chains of polyethylene in a close packing arrangement. B) primarily highly branched, non-linear chains of polyethylene in a diffuse packing arrangement. C) a mixture of polyethylene and polystyrene. D) polyethylene with low density plasticizers added to increase density.
B) primarily highly branched, non-linear chains of polyethylene in a diffuse packing arrangement.
47) Most hydrocarbons in the urban areas arise from - A) burning coal. B) processing and use of gasoline. C) industrial emissions. D) natural sources.
B) processing and use of gasoline.
Identify the alkane that contains three carbons. A) propene B) propane C) propyne D) propanone
B) propane
Methanol is an important solvent. It is also an important starting material for the synthesis of other molecules. Most methanol today is obtained from the A) destructive distillation of wood. B) reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen at high temperature and pressure. C) fermentation of corn. D) decomposition of animal waste.
B) reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen at high temperature and pressure.
12) HDPE finds applications in A) food wrap. B) rigid containers. C) squeeze bottles. D) garbage bags.
B) rigid containers.
Alkanes are often called A) unsaturated hydrocarbons. B) saturated hydrocarbons. C) carbohydrates. D) saturated fats.
B) saturated hydrocarbons.
33) Unburned carbon produced during the inefficient burning of coal is called - A) ash. B) soot. C) carbon dioxide. D) clinkers.
B) soot
1) The layer of the atmosphere in which the ozone layer is found is called the A) biosphere.B) stratosphere.C) troposphere.D) ionosphere.
B) stratosphere
HDPE finds applications in A) waxed paper. B) threaded bottle caps. C) baggies. D) cans.
B) threaded bottle caps.
43) Carbon monoxide pollution is best described as a(n) - A) rural problem. B) urban problem. C) global problem. D) Carbon monoxide pollution is none of the above.
B) urban problem.
With respect to reactivity on the surface of the earth, chlorofluorocarbons are A) very reactive. B) very unreactive. C) moderately reactive. D) variable depending upon the chlorofluorocarbon.
B) very unreactive.
One of the problems in the production of PVC is that A) vinyl chloride is explosive. B) vinyl chloride is carcinogenic. C) vinyl chloride is toxic. D) vinyl chloride is a solid at room temperature.
B) vinyl chloride is carcinogenic.
Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction that occurs when barium carbonate decomposes into barium oxide and carbon dioxide gas when heated.
BaCO3(s)→BaO(s)+CO2(g)
The bicarbonate ion HCO3- reacts with water to form H2CO3 and OH-. In this reaction, HCO3- is acting as a(n)
Base
The accompanying sketches suggest four observations made on a small block of plastic material. When analyzing Figure 4, it is helpful to keep in mind that the apparent mass of an object in fluid is equal to its mass in air, minus the mass of the fluid displaced mapparent=mair−mdisplaced fluid
Based on the experiments shown in the first two sketches, (Figure 1) and (Figure 2) , which of the following are valid conclusions? mass is 50g, insoluble in ethanol, density of block greater than .7896 liquid level of beaker is now greater.
Many medicines have a bitter taste which manufactures attempt to disguise. Many medicines are probably
Bases
The name of an ore from which aluminum can be produced is
Bauxite
What is Reduced in the following reaction? 2Bi^3+ + 3Mg ---> 2Bi + 3mg^2+
Bi^3+
Which of the following is a fuel?
C (most reduced answer)
12) How many different structural isomers are there for a hydrocarbon with the formula C5H12? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
C)
24) Acetylene is an A) alkane. B) alkene. C) alkyne. D) aromatic compound
C)
29) A molecular formula of an alkyne is A) C7H16. B) C9H18. C) C5H8. D) C6H6.
C)
48) The compound (CH3)3N is called A) methylamine. B) dimethylamine. C) trimethylamine. D) methyl ammonia.
C)
7) The simplest alkane is A) monane. B) ethane. C) methane. D) propane.
C)
8) Petroleum jelly is A) a mixture of low carbon number hydrocarbons. B) a mixture of moderate carbon number hydrocarbons. C) a mixture of higher carbon number hydrocarbons. D) none of the above
C)
9) What is the name of the compound with a formula CH3CH2CH3? A) methane B) ethane C) propane D) butane
C)
A bottle contains 5% ethanol. What is the proof of alcohol in this bottle? A) 2.5 B) 5 C) 10 D) 1.7
C) 10
How many different structural isomers are there for a hydrocarbon with the formula C5H12? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
C) 3
Which of the following is NOT a property of alkanes? A) Alkanes are not soluble in water. B) Alkanes have a lower density than water does. C) Alkanes will undergo addition reactions. D) Alkanes will burn easily and can be used as fuels.
C) Alkanes will undergo addition reactions.
87) Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are good substitutes for chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) because - A) they are also greenhouse gases. B) C-F bonds will react more easily with hydroxyl radicals, so they are broken down before they reach the stratosphere. C) C-H bonds will react more easily with hydroxyl radicals, so they are broken down before they reach the stratosphere. D) they are too heavy to reach the stratosphere.
C) C-H bonds will react more easily with hydroxyl radicals, so they are broken down before they reach the stratosphere.
83) Even if all CFC production could be stopped today, the ozone depletion problem in the stratosphere would continue for many years because - A) some nations would not follow the ban. B) CFCs are produced naturally in the troposphere. C) CFCs are widespread and very stable in the troposphere. D) ozone is naturally depleted by sunlight.
C) CFCs are widespread and very stable in the troposphere.
The monomer used to make PVC is A) H2CCH2. B) Cl2CCH2. C) H2CCHCl. D) F2CCF2.
C) H2CCHCl.
17) Which of the following statements about the difference between HDPE and LDPE is NOT correct? A) HDPE has a higher density than LDPE does. B) HDPE holds its shape better than LDPE does when they are put into boiling water. C) HDPE is more flexible than LDPE is. D) HDPE has fewer side chains branching off from the main chains than LDPE does.
C) HDPE is more flexible than LDPE is.
Which of the following statements about the difference between HDPE and LDPE is NOT correct? A) HDPE has a higher density than LDPE does. B) HDPE holds its shape better than LDPE does when they are put into boiling water. C) HDPE is more flexible than LDPE is. D) HDPE has fewer side chains branching off from the main chains than LDPE does.
C) HDPE is more flexible than LDPE is.
58) A secondary reaction in the formation of photochemical smog is - A) 2 NO + O2 = 2 NO2. B) NO2 + sunlight = NO + O. C) O + O2 = O3. D) O3 + hydrocarbons = aldehydes.
C) O + O2 = O3.
Which of the following is a heterocyclic compound? **** IF THERE IS A QUESTION THAT HAS FIGURES FOR OPTIONS THE ANSER IS THE ONE WITH AN 'O' AT THE TOP AND BOTTOM*****
C) ONE WITH Os
17) Which of the following statements is true of oxygen and nitrogen at normal temperatures? - A) Both nitrogen and oxygen are highly reactive. B) Nitrogen is highly reactive, but oxygen is not. C) Oxygen is highly reactive, but nitrogen is not. D) Neither nitrogen nor oxygen is highly reactive.
C) Oxygen is highly reactive, but nitrogen is not.
56) Which of the following is currently the most desirable method to minimize the problem of disposal of plastics? A) Deposit them in a landfill. B) Incinerate them. C) Recycle them. D) Use biodegradable plastics.
C) Recycle them.
9) With respect to reactivity at normal temperatures, nitrogen is best classified as - A) highly reactive.B) somewhat reactive.C) relatively unreactive.D) comparable to helium in its reactivity.
C) Relatively unreactive
20) Volcanoes release large amounts of the pollutant ________. - A) HCNB) NO2C) SO2D) NH3
C) SO2
62) Which of the following is a problem with the use of plastics? A) They have a low density. B) They can conduct electricity. C) They are made from petroleum and natural gas. D) They can be made from renewable plant resource.
C) They are made from petroleum and natural gas.
55) Which of the following characteristics of synthetic polymers is NOT a problem? A) They frequently are neither biodegradable nor photodegradable. B) They frequently give off poisonous gases when they are burned. C) They generally have a high energy content and can be burned. D) They make up a large volume of the waste which goes into landfills.
C) They generally have a high energy content and can be burned.
65) Which of the following statements about biodegradable polymers is true? A) They will degrade quickly in a landfill. B) Thermosetting polymers are biodegradable, but thermoplastics are not. C) They often require specific temperatures or the presence of microorganisms in order to undergo degredation. D) Polyvinyl chloride is a biodegradable polymer.
C) They often require specific temperatures or the presence of microorganisms in order to undergo degredation.
The first synthetic polymer was produced in 1909 and is known as A) polyethylene. B) celluloid. C) bakelite. D) plexiglass.
C) bakelite.
65) Acid rain is precipitation with a pH - A) above 11.5. B) above 8.2. C) below 5.6. D) below 3.6.
C) below 5.6.
44) Hemoglobin is the blood protein responsible for the transport of oxygen. Carbon monoxide disturbs oxygen transport by - A) destroying hemoglobin. B) destroying oxygen in the lung. C) binding more strongly to hemoglobin than oxygen. D) destroying lung alveoli.
C) binding more strongly to hemoglobin than oxygen.
34) Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) is a A) condensation polymer. B) vulcanized rubber. C) copolymer. D) all of the above
C) copolymer.
Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) is a A) condensation polymer. B) vulcanized rubber. C) copolymer. D) all of the above
C) copolymer.
42) Usually the symptom of carbon monoxide poisoning is - A) shortness of breath. B) uncontrollable shaking. C) drowsiness. D) yellowing of the eyes and skin.
C) drowsiness.
One of the first applications of polyethylene was A) billiard balls. B) garbage bags. C) electrical insulation. D) parachutes.
C) electrical insulation.
The compound below is classified as a(n) O // CH3CH2CH2C-OCH2CH3 A) aldehyde. B) carboxylic acid. C) ester. D) ketone.
C) ester.
The compound CH3CH2NHCH2CH2CH3 is called A) ethylmethylamine. B) methylpropylamine. C) ethylpropylamine. D) propylamine.
C) ethylpropylamine.
When a bee stings, one of the compounds it injects is A) acetic acid. B) butyric acid. C) formic acid. D) hydrochloric acid.
C) formic acid.
32) In the vulcanization of rubber, sulfur A) is inserted into the carbon chain. B) breaks long carbon chains into smaller chains. C) forms links between polymer chains. D) links all chains into one long chain.
C) forms links between polymer chains.
In the vulcanization of rubber, sulfur A) is inserted into the carbon chain. B) breaks long carbon chains into smaller chains. C) forms links between polymer chains. D) links all chains into one long chain.
C) forms links between polymer chains.
Esters are often used as A) anesthetics. B) disinfectants. C) fragrances. D) insecticides.
C) fragrances.
Esters have been widely used as A) refrigerants. B) insecticides. C) fragrances. D) disinfectants.
C) fragrances.
81) In the stratosphere, the reactivity of CFCs is - A) low. B) moderate. C) high. D) comparable to neon.
C) high.
98) The EPA lists six criteria pollutants. Which of the following is NOT listed by the EPA as a criteria pollutant? - A) nitrogen dioxide B) sulfur dioxide C) hydrocarbons D) lead
C) hydrocarbons
26) The main difference between air pollution problems today and problems in the past is - A) global warming.B) less polar ice.C) it is now a worldwide problem.D) less rainfall.
C) it is now a worldwide problem.
The compound below is a(n) O // CH3CCH3 A) carboxylic acid. B) aldehyde. C) ketone. D) alcohol.
C) ketone.
97) In the removal of pollution, the most expensive fraction of pollution to remove is the - A) first fraction. B) middle fractions. C) last fraction. D) The cost is constant across all fractions removed.
C) last fraction.
32) Which of the following is most commonly used to remove sulfur dioxide from smokestack gases? - A) bag filtration B) electrostatic precipitators C) limestone-dolomite process D) wet scrubbers
C) limestone-dolomite process
Which of the following is a copolymer? A) celluloid B) cellulose C) linear low-density polyethylene D) carbon nanotubes
C) linear low-density polyethylene
LDPE stands for A) linearly dense polyethylene. B) light diffuse polyethylene. C) low-density polyethylene. D) lightly doped polyethylene.
C) low-density polyethylene.
One drawback to the use of water as a solvent in the production of organic compounds is that A) the reaction times are longer. B) the organic compounds produced must be separated from water, but not from organic solvents. C) many organic compounds do not dissolve readily in water. D) processes that use water as a solvent require more energy.
C) many organic compounds do not dissolve readily in water.
The simplest carboxylic acid is commonly known as A) ethanoic acid. B) butyric acid. C) methanoic acid. D) propionicacid.
C) methanoic acid.
94) The major source of all air pollutants in the United States is - A) industrial emissions. B) residential emissions. C) motor vehicle emissions. D) natural sources.
C) motor vehicle emissions.
2) The most abundant component of dry air is - A) argon.B) carbon dioxide.C) nitrogen.D) oxygen.
C) nitrogen
78) Ozone is a very strong - A) acid. B) base. C) oxidizing agent. D) reducing agent.
C) oxidizing agent.
60) The metal catalyst in catalytic converters is often - A) zinc. B) silver. C) platinum. D) aluminum.
C) platinum.
26) This formula in which n can be a very large number represents which of the following polymers? H H | | -[-C - C-]-n | | H CH3 A) polyethylene B) polyvinyl chloride C) polypropylene D) Teflon
C) polypropylene
This formula in which n can be a very large number represents which of the following polymers? H H / / [-C-C-]n / / HCH3 A) polyethylene B) polyvinyl chloride C) polypropylene D) Teflon
C) polypropylene
Amino acids are the "building blocks" of A) carbohydrates. B) fats. C) proteins. D) vitamins.
C) proteins.
In order for a synthetic polymer to be used as a binder in water-base latex paints, it must have ________ properties. A) reactive B) inert C) rubberlike D) aromatic
C) rubberlike
This substance used as an analgesic was first isolated from willow bark. A) heptane B) formic acid C) salicylic acid D) isopropyl alcohol
C) salicylic acid
42) Which of the following natural polymers is a polyamide? A) cotton fibers B) wood fibers C) silk D) starch
C) silk
Which of the following is a naturally occurring polymer? A) celluloid B) nylon C) starch D) None of the above is a naturally occurring polymer.
C) starch
54) Which one of the following is NOT one of the principal components required for photochemical smog? - A) nitrogen oxides B) hydrocarbons C) sulfur dioxide D) sunshine
C) sulfur dioxide
The non-carbon atom(s) generally found in heterocyclic compounds is/are A) sulfur. B) sulfur and nitrogen. C) sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen. D) halogens.
C) sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen.
11) The industrial fixation of nitrogen to produce nitrogen fertilizers has drastically increased food supply primarily because - A) plants need nitrogen. B) plants fix nitrogen slowly. C) the availability of fixed nitrogen is often a limiting factor in plant growth. D) nitrogen in the atmosphere has decreased over the past two centuries.
C) the availability of fixed nitrogen is often a limiting factor in plant growth.
Organic chemistry is most broadly defined as A) the chemistry of living systems. B) the chemistry of substances produced by living systems. C) the chemistry of the compounds of carbon. D) the chemistry of the non-metallic compounds.
C) the chemistry of the compounds of carbon.
39) An electrostatic precipitator is a device used - A) in the laboratory study of pollution. B) to precipitate ions in water. C) to remove particles from smokestack gases. D) to remove CO2 from the atmosphere.
C) to remove particles from smokestack gases.
The compound (CH3)3N is called A) methylamine. B) dimethylamine. C) trimethylamine. D) methyl ammonia.
C) trimethylamine.
All of the following are green chemistry innovations EXCEPT A) increased use of aqueous media as solvents. B) "on water" reactions. C) use of petroleum-based solvents. D) use of microwave reactors.
C) use of petroleum-based solvents.
Polyvinyl acetate is used for A) carpet. B) chewing gum resin. C) yarns. D) floor tile.
C) yarns.
Which reactant is the limiting reactant?
C2H5OH
Consider the mixture of ethanol, C2H5OH, and O2 shown in the accompanying diagram. Write a balanced equation for the combustion reaction that occurs between ethanol and oxygen.
C2H5OH+3O2→2CO2+3H2O
Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction that occurs when dimethylether, CH3OCH3(g), is combusted in air.
C2H6O(g)+3O2(g)→2CO2(g)+3H2O(g)
What is the empirical formula for valproic acid?
C4H8O
What is the formula for pentane?
C5H12
The chemical formula of cyclohexane is
C6H12
The formula for heptene is
C7H14
What is the molecular formula for heptane?
C7H16
If the molar mass is 144 g/mol what is the molecular formula?
C8H16O2
Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction that occurs when the hydrocarbon styrene, C8H8(l), is combusted in air.
C8H8(l)+10O2(g)→8CO2(g)+4H2O(g)
Which one of the following is a nonfuel?
CCl4
The monomer of polypropylene is
CH2=CH-CH3
Which of the following alkanes will have the lowest boiling point?
CH4
Natural gas is mainly
CH4.
The conversion of coal to gas results in the production of synthesis gas. Synthesis gas is a mixture of
CO and H2
What products form in this reaction?
CO2,H2O
The element that has a valence configuration of 4s2 is ________.
Ca
Limes is used in farming to reduce the acidity of the soil. The chemical name of lime is Calcium oxide. When water in the soil reacts with lime, what base is formed?
Ca(OH)2
Calcium hydride reacts with water to form calcium hydroxide (aqueous) and hydrogen gas Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction. Express your answer as a balanced chemical equation.
CaH2(s)+2H2O(l)→Ca(OH)2(aq)+2H2(g)
Catalytic converters on automobiles are designed to reduce the emission of A) nitrogen oxides. B) carbon monoxide. C) carbon dioxide. D) sulfur oxides.
Carbon monoxide
Which of the following materials are used for glass polishing?
Cerium
Vulcanization of rubber was discovered by
Charles Goodyear
The reaction 2 CaO(s) + 2 SO2(g) + O2(g) → 2 CaSO4(s) is the basis of A) electrostatic precipitators. B) chemical SO2 scrubbers. C) particulate removal. D) The reaction is the basis of all of the above.
Chemical SO2 scrubbers
If F is a reactive nonmetal, which other element or elements shown here do you expect to also be a reactive nonmetal?
Cl
The spectator ions in the reaction between aqueous perchloric acid and aqueous barium hydroxide are ________.
ClO4- and Ba2+
What is the general formula for a cycloalkane?
CnH2n
The most abundant fossil fuel in the United States is
Coal
Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of using coal as a fuel source?
Coal is the least abundant of the fossil fuels. Actual Disadvantages: SO2 is released and contributes to air pollution, strip mining is devastating to the environment, and the cost of transporting coal to power plants or factories is high
Limestone is added to the iron producing mixture in a furnace to
Combine with silicates to remove impurities in the form of a slag
Steel is formed by
Combining iron, carbon, and transition metals such as chromium and nickel
The law of constant composition applies to ________.
Compounds
Which compound contains the largest amount of anions?
CrF4
Which of the following statements about crystalline and amorphous polymers is correct
Crystalline polymers tend to be stronger, while amorphous polymers tend to have great elasticity
Which of the following is an oxidation-reduction reaction?
Cu (s) + 2AgNO3 (aq) → 2Ag (s) + Cu(NO3)2 (aq)
Which one of the following compounds is copper(I) chloride?
CuCl
10) What is the name of the compound with a formula CH3CH2CH2CH3? A) methane B) ethane C) propane D) butane
D)
13) How many different structural isomers are there for a hydrocarbon with the formula C6H14? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) > 4
D)
15) Which of the following alkanes will have the highest boiling point? A) CH4 B) C6H14 C) C16H34 D) C19H40
D)
18) A compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen is a(n) A) alcohol. B) carbohydrate. C) homolog. D) hydrocarbon.
D)
2) The most unique property of carbon is its ability to A) form four bonds. B) bond to oxygen. C) bond to nitrogen. D) bond to carbon.
D)
21) The chemical formula of cyclohexane is A) C6H6. B) C6H8. C) C6H10. D) C6H12.
D)
22) What is the general formula for a cycloalkane? A) CnHn B) CnH2n+2 C) CnH2n-2 D) CnH2n
D)
23) Acetylene is A) CH4. B) C2H6. C) C2H4. D) C2H2.
D)
25) A cyclic hydrocarbon containing seven carbon atoms and two double bonds will have the formula A) C7H16. B) C7H14. C) C7H12. D) C7H10
D)
31) Which of the following is an aromatic compound? A) propene B) propyne C) propane D) xylene
D)
32) A molecular formula of an aromatic hydrocarbon is A) C7H16. B) C9H18. C) C5H8. D) C6H6.
D)
64) Urban smog contains several air pollutants, including ozone. For a typical sunny day, when would you expect the concentration of ozone to be highest? - A) midnight B) 6 a.m. C) noon D) 6 p.m.
D) 6 p.m.
41) Which of the following is/are condensation polymers? A) polyamide B) polyurethane C) polyester D) All are condensation polymers.
D) All are condensation polymers.
22) Polyvinyl chloride is used for drain pipes in plumbing applications. It has replaced traditional cast iron pipe for this purpose. The major advantage of PVC in replacing cast iron for this application (particularly if you are a plumber or homeowner) is that PVC A) is of lighter weight. B) is easier to handle and cut. C) is more resistant to corrosion. D) All of the above are advantages of PVC.
D) All of the above are advantages of PVC.
Polyvinyl chloride is used for drain pipes in plumbing applications. It has replaced traditional cast iron pipe for this purpose. The major advantage of PVC in replacing cast iron for this application (particularly if you are a plumber or homeowner) is that PVC A) is of lighter weight. B) is easier to handle and cut. C) is more resistant to corrosion. D) All of the above are advantages of PVC.
D) All of the above are advantages of PVC.
43) Which of the following is NOT true of composite materials? A) They contain high-strength fibers, often made from glass, graphite or ceramics. B) The fibers provide support to the composite material. C) The fibers are usually held together by a thermosetting condensation polymer. D) All of the above are true.
D) All of the above are true.
84) Which of the following is true about O2 and O3? - A) They are elemental forms of oxygen. B) They are molecules of oxygen. C) They are called allotropes. D) All of the above are true.
D) All of the above are true.
31) Which of the following is used to remove particulate matter from smokestack gases? - A) bag filtration B) electrostatic precipitators C) wet scrubbers D) All of the above are used to remove particulate matter.
D) All of the above are used to remove particulate matter.
72) All of the following contribute to increasing indoor air pollution levels EXCEPT - A) gas kitchen stoves. B) mold. C) improving insulation and sealing air leaks around windows and doors. D) All of the above contribute to increasing indoor air pollution.
D) All of the above contribute to increasing indoor air pollution.
37) Removal of particulates from smokestack gases - A) decreases the plant's energy efficiency. B) creates a solid waste disposal problem. C) increases the costs of producing energy. D) All of the above result from removal of particulates.
D) All of the above result from removal of particulates.
73) Children exposed to secondhand smoke have a higher risk of all of the following EXCEPT - A) asthma. B) ear and sinus infections. C) sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). D) All of the above risks are higher.
D) All of the above risks are higher.
90) Increasing the atmospheric concentration of which of the following gases would contribute to global warming? - A) carbon dioxide B) CFCs C) methane D) All of the above would contribute to global warming.
D) All of the above would contribute to global warming.
23) Which of the following human activities contributed to the pollution of our ancestral air? - A) Discovering, making, and using tools contributed to air pollution.B) The discovery and use of fire contributed to air pollution.C) The development of crop farming contributed to air pollution.D) All of these contributed to air pollution.
D) All of these contributed to air pollution.
19) All of the following statements about a closed ecosystem are correct EXCEPT: - A) Ecosystems require a constant source of sunlight to provide energy.B) Animal wastes provide the necessary nitrogen for the ecosystem.C) Plants produce O2 from the CO2 given off by animals.D) Biosphere II is a highly successful example of a problem-free closed ecosystem.
D) Biosphere II is a highly successful example of a problem-free closed ecosystem.
Acetylene is A) CH4. B) C2H6. C) C2H4. D) C2H2.
D) C2H2.
23) The monomer used to make Teflon is A) H2CCH2. B) Cl2CCH2. C) H2CCHCl. D) F2CCF2.
D) F2CCF2.
This formula in which n can be a very large number represents which of the following polymers? F F / / [-C-C]n / / F F A) polyethylene B) polyvinyl chloride C) polypropylene D) Teflon
D) Teflon
21) Kilauea volcano in Hawaii emits 200-300 tons of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere each day. This is an example of - A) the impact of natural processes on the earth's environment.B) air pollution from a natural source.C) the magnitude of the chemistry associated with the environment.D) The Kilauea volcano is an example of all of the above.
D) The Kilauea volcano is an example of all of the above.
Which of the following statements about ethylene and polyethylene is true? A) The polymer has the same properties as the monomer. B) The polymer has alternating double and single bonds between carbons, while the monomer has only single bonds between carbons. C) The polymer has alternating double and single bonds between carbons, while the monomer has only double bonds between carbons. D) The polymer has only single bonds between carbons, while the monomer has only double bonds between carbons.
D) The polymer has only single bonds between carbons, while the monomer has only double bonds between carbons.
60) Which of the following will result from adding a plasticizer to a polymer? A) They will have a higher glass transition temperature, Tg. B) They will be more rigid. C) They will be more transparent. D) They will be less brittle.
D) They will be less brittle.
50) Lycra bicycle shorts and exercise clothing contain fibers that have great strength and rigidity as well as the ability to stretch. These fibers are probably composed of A) natural rubber. B) amorphous polymers. C) crystalline polymers. D) a creative combination of amorphous and crystalline polymers.
D) a creative combination of amorphous and crystalline polymers.
Polyethylene is NOT A) tough. B) flexible. C) a thermoplastic polymer. D) a thermosetting polymer.
D) a thermosetting polymer.
The hydrocarbon that is used in torches along with oxygen to produce very hot flames for cutting and welding is A) ethylene. B) methane. C) propane. D) acetylene.
D) acetylene.
61) Running an engine with a richer (more fuel, less air) combustion mixture lowers nitrogen oxide emissions from automobiles. The problem is that - A) hydrocarbon emission increases. B) carbon monoxide emission increases. C) fuel efficiency decreases. D) all of the above occur.
D) all of the above occur.
9) Polyethylene is A) tough. B) flexible. C) thermoplastic. D) all of these
D) all of these
The name of the compound CH3CH2CH2CONH2 is A) ethanamide. B) propylamine. C) butanoic acid. D) butanamide.
D) butanamide.
The functional group of the organic acids is the A) hydroxyl group. B) amine group. C) carbonyl group. D) carboxyl group.
D) carboxyl group.
62) Which of the following contributes least to the problem of photochemical smog? - A) nitrogen oxides emitted by cars B) hydrocarbons emitted by cars C) warm, sunny days D) cool, wet days
D) cool, wet days
This compound is named O // CH3CH2CH2C-OCH2CH3 A) propyl ethanoate. B) ethyl propanoate. C) butyl ethanoate. D) ethyl butyrate.
D) ethyl butyrate.
10) In order for nitrogen to be used by most plants and all animals, it must be - A) separated.B) purified.C) liquefied.D) fixed.
D) fixed
58) The greatest hazard in using plastics in home building materials and furnishings is that some A) poison children who eat them. B) cause cancer. C) are slippery. D) form poisonous gases when burned.
D) form poisonous gases when burned.
A compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen is a(n) A) alcohol. B) carbohydrate. C) homolog. D) hydrocarbon.
D) hydrocarbon.
Natural rubber can be made from the monomer A) propylene. B) polybutylene. C) polyvinyl acetate. D) isoprene.
D) isoprene.
45) An object will be used in an environment that has a temperature range of -20°C to 10°C. The object must remain flexible and rubbery. It should have a Tg that is A) greater than 10°C. B) less than 10°C but greater than -20°C. C) exactly -20°C. D) less than -20°C.
D) less than -20°C.
The pendant group in polypropylene is a(n) A) benzene ring. B) chlorine atom. C) ethyl group. D) methyl group.
D) methyl group.
48) Most hydrocarbons in the atmosphere in rural areas arise from - A) automobile exhaust. B) evaporation of gasoline. C) industrial emissions. D) natural sources.
D) natural sources.
45) At the high temperature in an internal combustion engine, a fraction of the nitrogen in air is converted to - A) carbon monoxide. B) carbon dioxide. C) ammonia. D) nitrogen oxides.
D) nitrogen oxides.
68) Which one of the following is NOT a property of radon? - A) unreactive B) tasteless C) odorless D) nonradioactive
D) nonradioactive
4) Natural polymers which carry the coded genetic information that makes each individual unique are A) proteins. B) carboxylic acids. C) esters. D) nucleic acids.
D) nucleic acids.
Natural polymers which carry the coded genetic information that makes each individual unique are A) proteins. B) carboxylic acids. C) esters. D) nucleic acids.
D) nucleic acids.
82) The impact of CFCs on the ozone layer is amplified by the fact that - A) CFCs replicate in the stratosphere. B) CFCs decompose before reaching the stratosphere. C) CFCs react with oxygen to produce many reactive intermediates. D) one CFC molecule will lead to the decomposition of many ozone molecules.
D) one CFC molecule will lead to the decomposition of many ozone molecules.
28) In December, 1952 in London, a four-day-long atmospheric inversion created the worst smog in history. The death toll ultimately attributed to the smog was estimated at - A) 10.B) 100.C) 2000.D) over 4000.
D) over 4000.
3) The second most abundant component of dry air is - A) argon.B) carbon dioxide.C) nitrogen.D) oxygen.
D) oxygen
71) Indoor "air cleaners" are often advertized. However, some air cleaners actually generate which of the following pollutants? - A) mold B) CFCs C) methane D) ozone
D) ozone
) An analgesic is a substance that acts as a(n) A) fever reducer. B) disinfectant. C) anesthetic. D) pain reliever.
D) pain reliever.
14) The development of which polymer enabled the British to have effective radar equipment and thus contributed to the British success in the Battle of Britain in World War II? A) polystyrene B) polyvinyl chloride C) Teflon D) polyethylene
D) polyethylene
The development of which polymer enabled the British to have effective radar equipment and thus contributed to the British success in the Battle of Britain in World War II? A) polystyrene B) polyvinyl chloride C) Teflon D) polyethylene
D) polyethylene
28) This formula in which n can be a very large number represents which of the following polymers? H H | | -[-C - C-]-n | | H C6H5 A) polyethylene B) polyvinyl chloride C) polypropylene D) polystyrene
D) polystyrene
This formula in which n can be a very large number represents which of the following polymers? H H / / [-C-C-]n / / H C6H5 A) polyethylene B) polyvinyl chloride C) polypropylene D) polystyrene
D) polystyrene
The salts of carboxylic acids, such as sodium benzoate, are often used in foods as A) flavor enhancers. B) colorings. C) sweeteners. D) preservatives.
D) preservatives.
Wool and silk are examples of which type of naturally occurring polymer? A) cellulose B) polyesters C) nucleic acids D) proteins
D) proteins
79) One of the results of ozone pollution in an urban environment is - A) destruction of glass windows. B) decomposition of granite buildings. C) cracking of sidewalks. D) shortening the life of automobile tires.
D) shortening the life of automobile tires.
Polyethylene terephthalate is used for A) nonstick frying pans. B) automobile frames. C) drink. D) stiff collars on men's shirts that are out of fashion.
D) stiff collars on men's shirts that are out of fashion.
67) The two principal sources of acid rain are ________ emissions from power plants and ________ emissions from automobiles and power plants. - A) sulfur dioxide, ozone B) ozone, carbon monoxide C) carbon monoxide, nitrogen monoxide D) sulfur dioxide, nitrogen monoxide
D) sulfur dioxide, nitrogen monoxide
95) The World Health Organization (WHO) rates which pollutant the worst? - A) carbon monoxide B) hydrocarbons C) nitrogen oxides D) sulfur oxides
D) sulfur oxides
50) All of the following statements about carbon monoxide (CO) pollution in the United states are true EXCEPT - A) carbon monoxide makes up over 60% (by mass) of all air pollutants emitted into the atmosphere. B) the concentration of carbon monoxide is higher in urban areas than in rural areas. C) people exposed to carbon monoxide have a higher risk of heart attacks. D) the major source of carbon monoxide emissions is industrial sources, such as metal processing.
D) the major source of carbon monoxide emissions is industrial sources, such as metal processing.
41) Which one of the following is NOT a property of carbon monoxide? - A) odorless B) tasteless C) colorless D) undetectable
D) undetectable
52) Organic substances that undergo significant evaporation at ordinary temperatures are - A) lead-containing compounds.B) nitrogen oxides.C) sulfur oxides.D) volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
D) volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
To make crude petroleum more useful, it must be
Distilled
Aeration of drinking water A) removes odors. B) increases dissolved air. C) improves flavor. D) does all of the above.
Does all of the above
Biomass is one of the most efficient sources of energy available.
F
Chemical reactions that release heat to the surroundings are endothermic reactions. Answer: FALSE
F
In an exothermic reaction, energy is transferred from the surroundings to the system.
F
Nuclear power plants generate large amounts of air pollution.
F
The United States uses energy more efficiently than other countries do.
F
The density of coal is higher than the density of most of its impurities
F
The main component of natural gas is isooctane.
F
When two compounds react, the amount of energy released is independent of the amounts of the compounds.
F
Of the following, ΔH°f is not zero for ________.
F2 (s)
The monomer used to make Teflon is
F2C=CF2
A large number of polymers are synthesized from monomers that are derived from ethylene. Replacing one or more of the hydrogen atoms on the ethylene monomer does not change the properties of the polymer.
FALSE
All polymers are made from synthetic sources
FALSE
All polymers made from polyethylene will have the same density
FALSE
Amorphous polymers tend to have great strength and rigidity while crystalline polymers tend to have greater elasticity.
FALSE
Approximately 50% of the plastic currently used in the United States is recycled each year.
FALSE
Fire-retardant fabrics often have nitrogen or zinc atoms incorporated into the fibers of the polymers from which the cloth is made.
FALSE
The glass transition temperature, Tg, is the temperature above which the polymer becomes brittle.
FALSE
Thermosetting polymers can be melted and reformed into different shapes
FALSE
1) The layer of the atmosphere in which we interact is called the stratosphere.
False
19) Photochemical smog is more likely to occur in cold and wet conditions.
False
22) The concentration of air pollutants is almost always lower indoors than outdoors.
False
25) Fluorine (F2) has been proposed as an alternative to nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) for the manufacturing of liquid crystal display (LCD) monitors. This is a good idea, because both compounds are safe for people.
False
27) A single CFC molecule will result in the destruction of a single O3 molecule.
False
32) Since 1980, the concentration of the six EPA criteria air pollutants has increased significantly.
False
Which of the following is soluble in water at 25∘C?
Fe(NO3)2
What is the reducing agent in the following reaction? 12H+ + 2IO3- + 10Fe^2+ ---> 10Fe^3+ +I2 + 6H2O
Fe^2+
Which country leads in percentage of electricity produced by nuclear energy?
France
A major source of groundwater contamination is leaking underground storage tanks. Most of these tanks once held A) CFCs. B) gasoline. C) nitrates. D) ozone.
Gasoline
Optical fibers are made from hair-thin threads of
Glass
The monomer used to make PVC is
H2C=CHCl
Sulfuric acid is the leading chemical produced and used industrially. What is the formula for Sulfuric Acid?
H2SO4
The proper formula for the hydronium ion is ________.
H3O+
Phosphoric acid is added to many popular beverages to give them a tart flavor. The formula of Phosphoric acid is
H3PO4
In the following list, only ________ is not an example of matter.
Heat
Which of the following is considered to be a disadvantage of fluoridating drinking water? A) The concentration of fluoride in drinking water is usually 0.7-1.0 ppm. B) Some hydroxide ions in tooth enamel are replaced by fluoride ions. C) High fluoride consumption in early childhood can cause mottling of the teeth. D) Treatment with fluoride results in harder tooth enamel.
High fluoride consumption in early childhood can cause mottling of the teeth.
For a mixture, indicate whether it is homogeneous or heterogeneous.
Homo - seawater herero - rice pudding
Which of the following metals does the US import from other countries?
Indium, Lithium, and Palladium
In the cleansing action of soap, the hydrocarbon tail a. Intermingles with the oily dirt, while the ionic head interacts with the water. b. intermingles with the water, while the ionic head interacts with the oily dirt. c. remains inert and takes no part in the process. d. separates rom the ionic head and dissolves in the oily dirt.
Intermingles with the oily dirt, while the ionic head interacts with the water.
Which of the following statements about the corrosion of Iron and Aluminum is correct?
Iron reacts with Oxygen to form an Fe2O3 coating, which can flake off easily and allow more Iron to undergo corrosion
Which of the following statements about the corrosion of iron and aluminum is correct? a. Aluminum reacts with oxygen to form an Al2O3 coating, which can flake off easily and allow more aluminum to undergo corrosion. b. Iron reacts with oxygen to form an Fe2O3 coating, which can flake off easily and allow more iron to undergo corrosion. c. Both aluminum and iron react with oxygen to form oxides which are hard and protect the metal from corrosion. d. Aluminum corrodes more rapidly than iron does because it is lighter.
Iron reacts with oxygen to form an Fe2O3 coating, which can flake off easily and allow more iron to undergo corrosion.
Silver is plated on Copper by immersing a piece of copper into a solution containing silver ions. In the plating reaction, copper
Is Oxidized and is the reducing agent
If compound A has an equal number of oxygen and carbon atoms, what can we conclude about the composition of compound B?
It has twice as many oxygen than carbon atoms.
Soap can be made by boiling animal fat with lye or potash for several hours. What is the major disadvantage to the lye soap made this way? A) It did not clean well. B) It often contained unreacted alkali, which was very harsh on the skin. C) Glycerol separated out from the soap and remained on the bottom of the kettle. D) It did not kill bacteria.
It often contained unreacted alkali, which was very harsh on the skin.
You are given two clear solutions of the same unknown monoprotic acid, but with different concentrations. Which statement is true?
It would take more base solution (per milliliter of the unknown solution) to neutralize the more concentrated solution.
The units of heat capacity are ________.
J/K or J/°C
Which calculation clearly shows a conversion between temperatures in degrees Celsius, °C, and temperature in Kelvins, K?
K = °C + 273.15
What are the spectator ions in the reaction between KOH (aq) and HNO3 (aq)?
K+ and NO3-
Magnesium and sulfur form an ionic compound with the formula ________.
MgS
Which one of the following has the element name and symbol correctly matched?
N, nickel S, silicon ---->>>>> Li, lithium C, copper None of the symbols are correctly matched to the element name.
Compound Mass N Mass O A 5.6 3.2 B 3.5 8.0 C 1.4 4.0 If you were John Dalton and had never heard of a mole, which of the following would you think were possible sets of formulas for the compounds A, B, and C, respectively?
N2O, N2O4, N2O5
Of the reactions below, which one is a decomposition reaction?
NH4Cl → NH3 + HCl
Combining aqueous solutions of BaI2 and Na2SO4 affords a precipitate of BaSO4. Which ions are spectator ions in the reaction?
Na+ and I-
Water softeners remove all of the following ions EXCEPT A) Ca2+. B) Fe2+. C) Mg2+. D) Na+.
Na+.
Electricity produced from nuclear power is especially important in which part of the United States?
New England and the Upper Midwest
The formula of a salt is XCl2. The X-ion in this salt has 26 electrons. The metal X is ________.
Ni
When aqueous solutions of ________ are mixed, a precipitate forms.
NiBr2 and AgNO3
The most abundant component of dry air is A) radon. B) carbon monoxide. C) nitrogen. D) helium.
Nitrogen
Which of the following alternative energy sources is not intermittent and does not require energy storage?
None of the above is intermittent and requires energy storage.
The location of most of the hydroelectric power in the United States is in the
Northwest.
The atomic weight of copper, Cu, is listed as 63.546. Which of the following statements are untrue:
Not all neutral atoms of copper have the same number of electrons. The dominant isotopes of Cu must be 63Cu and 64Cu.
Which of the following statements best describes the status of nuclear fusion as an energy source?
Nuclear fusion may help solve our energy problems in the future.
7) Discuss how oxygen atoms promote the formation of a variety of substances in smog.
O atoms combine with sulfur and nitrogen to create oxides that are reactive and airborne pollutants.
Which of the following is a product of photosynthesis?
O2
When a compound containing C, H, and O is completely combusted in air, what reactant besides the hydrocarbon is involved in the reaction?
O2 (g)
11) Explain how ozone can be both an air pollutant and a necessary component in the earth's atmosphere.
O3 is a necessary component in the stratosphere by blocking UV rays from the sun, however is a highly reactive pollutant at the troposphere level.
One of the advantages of treating sewage effluent with ozone as opposed to chlorine is A) O3 is more effective in killing viruses. B) O3 is more effective in killing bacteria. C) O3 provides a residual protection against bacteria. D) O3 is less expensive.
O3 is more effective in killing viruses.
The corrosion of metals, such as the rusting of Iron is an example of
Oxidation
Which of the following statements is true for electrochemical cells?
Oxidation occurs at the anode
The removal of Silver tarnish from silverware using aluminum foil and a solution of electrolyte is an example of
Oxidation of aluminum metal, reduction of silver ions, and electrochemical cell are all examples
Which of the following statements is true of oxygen and nitrogen at normal temperatures? A) Both nitrogen and oxygen are highly reactive. B) Nitrogen is highly reactive, but oxygen is not. C) Oxygen is highly reactive, but nitrogen is not. D) Neither nitrogen nor oxygen is highly reactive.
Oxygen is highly reactive, but nitrogen is not.
Indoor "air cleaners" are often advertised. However, some air cleaners actually generate which of the following pollutants? A) mold B) CFCs C) methane D) ozone
Ozone
Which of the following statements about ozone is correct? A) Ozone is a pollutant in both the troposphere and the stratosphere. B) Ozone is a pollutant in the troposphere but not in the stratosphere. C) Ozone is a pollutant in the stratosphere but not in the troposphere. D) Ozone is a not a pollutant in either the troposphere or the stratosphere.
Ozone is a pollutant in the troposphere but not in the stratosphere.
Production of PCBs was discontinued in 1977, yet PCBs are still found in the environment. The reason for this is
PCBs are very stable molecules
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been banned because they are an environmental hazard. Which of the following was NOT a reason for banning them?
PCBs have high electrical resistance and are excellent insulating materials reasons for banning: PCBs degrade slowly in nature. PCBs are nonpolar compounds and do not dissolve readily in water. They lower the glass transition temperature, Tg, when they are added to a polymer
What is the connection between polyethylene and the "Battle of Britain" in the second World War?
PE as insulation for radar
Another name for Teflon is
PTFE
Which of the following materials are used in computers?
Palladium, Platinum, Lithium, and Tantalum
What metal, when added as a compound, increases octane rating of gasoline?
Pb
Which of these changes are physical and which are chemical?
Physical - water vapor in the air forms frost. A goldsmith melts gold and pulls into wire. Chemical - plants make sure from Co2 and h2o
Copper is NOT commonly used for A) automobile bodies. B) electrical wire. C) roofing material. D) plumbing.
Plumbing
Which of the following statements about plutonium and breeder reactors is correct
Plutonium is relatively easy to separate from uranium because they are chemically different
A citizen lobbies against establishing a garbage incineration near her home. What would be a valid reason for lobbying against having an incinerator near a residential area?
Production of toxic gases from incineration of plastics causing air pollution
A citizen lobbies against establishing a garbage incinerator near her home. What would be a valid reason for lobbying against having an incinerator near a residential area? a. Too much heat produced causing an increase in electric bills due to use of air conditioning. b. Noise pollution by garbage trucks frequenting the area. c. The incinerator is an eyesore. d. Production of toxic gases from the incineration of plastics causing air pollution. e. Too much water vapor produced.
Production of toxic gases from the incineration of plastics causing air pollution.
________ and ________ reside in the atomic nucleus.
Protons, neutrons
A major advantage of lead storage batteries is that they are
Rechargeable
Which of the following is currently the most desirable method to minimize the problem of disposal of plastics?
Recycle them
The BEST way to handle solid waste is to
Reduce it, Reuse it, and Recycle it
The 3 R's of garbage are
Reduce, Reuse and Recycle
The three Rs of garbage are a. reduce, recycle, and redeploy. b. reuse, redeploy, and recycle. c. reuse, reprocess, and recycle. d. reduce, reuse, and recycle e. reuse, recycle, and regenerate.
Reduce, reuse, recycle
Fuels are
Reduced forms of matter
In the following reaction Hydrogen is the... CuO+H2 ---> Cu+H2O
Reducing agent
Sodium bisulfite converts bromine (Br2) to bromide (Br-). Sodium bisulfate is a(n)
Reducing agent
Which of the following is a definition of Reduction?
Reduction is the Gain of Oxygen
What is the identity of the element whose isotopes you have selected?
S
Which of the following is a molecular compound?
SF4
When added to water, which of the following would produce an acid?
SO2
Of the following, ΔH°f is not zero for ________.
Sc (g)
A major inconvenience of coal as a fuel is that it is a(n)
Solid
Foods that are Acidic can be identified by their
Sour taste
Commercial airplanes fly in the A) biosphere. B) stratosphere. C) troposphere. D) ionosphere.
Stratosphere
The acid in automobile batteries is
Sulfuric acid
A disadvantage of strip mining is that it leaves the soil exposed and erosion occurs more readily.
T
A high EROEI value is desirable.
T
At the current rate of consumption and production, U.S. reserves of petroleum will run out sometime in the 21st century.
T
Coal liquefaction and gasification have the advantage of producing gases and liquids that are easy to transport.
T
Coal tar and coke are sources of organic chemicals for medical and industrial use
T
Cogeneration involves using waste heat from power plants to warm buildings
T
Entropy can be decreased by putting more work into the system.
T
Entropy could be considered to be a measure of the amount of molecular disorder
T
Fossil fuels are an important source of chemicals that are used to synthesize other substances
T
Fuel cells are more efficient in converting chemical energy to electricity than internal combustion engines are.
T
High quality coal has a higher content of carbon than low quality coal does.
T
Nuclear fusion is the source of energy that powers the sun.
T
The United States has 5% of the world's population and uses 25% of the world's energy.
T
The first fuels were plant materials.
T
Tritium is an isotope of hydrogen that has 2 neutrons.
T
When a liquid is converted to a gas there is an increase in entropy.
T
World-wide consumption of energy is expected to increase by nearly 60% between 2002 and 2025.
T
A silicone polymer has a series of alternating silicon and oxygen atoms in the polymer chain.
TRUE
Crystalline polymers tend to have great strength while amorphous polymers tend to have greater elasticity.
TRUE
Neoprene is an elastomer that shows better resistance to oil and gasoline than other elastomers.
TRUE
Polyester is an example of a condensation polymer.
TRUE
Thermosetting resins will decompose rather than melt when they are heated to a high temperature
TRUE
Which company's industrial waste water would have a relatively high BOD? A) Tasty Tomato Canning Company B) Shameless Stripper Coal Mine C) Bullworks Ammonia Company D) Spotless Steel Works, Inc.
Tasty Tomato Canning Company
This formula in which n can be a very large number represents which of the following polymers?
Teflon
Carbonated water (pure water in which CO2 is dissolved) has a slightly sour taste. What does this hint indicate about the pH of carbonated water?
That the pH is lower than 7.00
Biomass may be burned directly or chemically converted to a more convenient form (liquid or gas). Which of the following statements is true?
The conversion of biomass to a more convenient form decreases the overall efficiency of the energy conversion.
Why are perborate bleaches better for white, resin-treated, polyester-cotton fabrics than chlorine bleaches? A) Chlorine bleaches release a toxic gas when in contact with this type of fabric. B) Chlorine bleaches ruin the fabric. C) The fabric lasts longer. D) Oxygen bleaches are cheaper.
The fabric lasts longer
Why are perborate bleaches better for white, resin-treated, polyester-cotton fabrics than chlorine bleaches? A) Chlorine bleaches release a toxic gas when in contact with this type of fabric. B) Chlorine bleaches ruin the fabric. C) Oxygen bleaches are cheaper. D) The fabric lasts longer.
The fabric lasts longer.
Which of the following statements about soaps and detergents is NOT true? A) The hydrophilic end has the hydrocarbon chain. B) The hydrophilic end is ionic. C) The hydrophobic end has the hydrocarbon chain. D) Soaps form micelles in solution.
The hydrophilic end has the hydrocarbon chain.
Millikan's oil-drop experiment to measure the charge of the electron. Small drops of oil are allowed to fall between electrically charged plates. The drops pick up extra electrons as a result of irradiation by X-rays and so became negatively charged. Millikan measured how varying the voltage between the plates affected the rate of fall. From these data he calculated the negative charge on the drops. Because the charge on any drop was always some integral multiple of 1.602×10−19C, Millikan deduced this value to be the charge of a single electron. Would the masses of the oil drops be changed significantly by any electrons that accumulate on them?
The masses of the oil drops cannot be changed significantly by any electrons that accumulate on them.
Which of the following statements about ethylene and polyethylene is true
The polymer has only single bonds between carbons, while the monomer has only double bonds between carbons.
Bottled water is becoming an increasingly popular drink in the United States. Which of the following statements about bottled water is true? A) All bottled water comes from natural springs and artesian wells. B) The testing of bottled water is generally less rigorous than the testing of municipal water supplies. C) Bottled water contains almost no dissolved ions. D) Bottled water is less expensive than tap water.
The testing of bottled water is generally less rigorous than the testing of municipal water supplies.
Which of the following characteristics of synthetic polymers is NOT a problem
They generally have a high energy content and can be burned
Which statement relating monomers and polymers is correct
They have different chemical and physical properties
Which of the following statements about biodegradable polymers is true?
They often require specific temperatures or the presence of microorganisms in order to undergo degradation.
Which of the following will result from adding a plasticizer to a polymer
They will be less brittle
12) Fine particulate particles (< 2.5 µm diameter) are more harmful to people than larger particles (>10 µm diameter) are.
True
13) All except the most severe cases of CO poisoning are reversible.
True
14) Low level carbon monoxide exposure over a long period of time places stress on the heart.
True
15) Most of the hydrocarbons found in the atmosphere come from natural sources.
True
16) Sunlight breaks down nitrogen dioxide into nitric oxide and oxygen atoms.
True
17) Gasoline-electric hybrid vehicles are significantly more efficient than conventional gasoline vehicles.
True
2) The World Health Organization estimates that over 3.6 million people die from indoor or outdoor air pollution every year.
True
20) Nanoscale catalysts show great promise for making chemical processes more efficient and thus saving resources.
True
21) Acid rain slowly erodes marble statues because sulfuric acid will react with the calcium carbonate in marble.
True
23) According to the EPA, second-hand smoke is a Class A carcinogen.
True
24) Applying the principles of green chemistry to a process is not simple, and sometimes several principles may conflict with each other.
True
26) CFCs are inert in the troposphere and reactive in the stratosphere.
True
28) The greenhouse effect occurs because greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, absorb infrared energy and prevent heat from escaping into space.
True
29) Carbon sequestration involves the removal of CO2 from the atmosphere and its subsequent storage in underground reservoirs.
True
3) Nitrogen can be fixed by lightening.
True
4) One of the steps in the nitrogen cycle produces nitric acid.
True
9) Air pollution is a worldwide problem today.
True
New processes in solid waste disposal include
Using a mixture of ground up tires and powdered coal as fuel. Adding waste glass and rubber tired to road-paving mixtures for use in road construction. Converting garbage to oil are all new processes.
An experiment requires 46.0 g of ethylene glycol, a liquid whose density is 1.114 g/mL. Rather than weigh the sample on a balance, a chemist chooses to dispense the liquid using a graduated cylinder. What volume of the liquid should he use?
V = 41.3 mL
Using Hydrogen (H2) to reduce Magnetite (Fe3O4) to Iron (Fe) is considered to be "greener" than using Carbon Monoxide (CO) because
Water contributes less to climate change than Carbon dioxide does
Which of the following statements about using ocean energy to generate electricity is NOT true?
Water will drive a turbine to generate electricity when it flows out of a reservoir at high tide.
At 25C, the pH of a vinegar solution is 2.60. What are the values of [H+] and [OH-] in the solution? Recall: pH+pOH=14
[H+]=2.51 [OH-]=3.98x10^-12
16) LDPE finds applications as A) food wrap. B) drain pipes. C) rigid containers. D) television cabinets.
a
29) Plexiglas is a polymethyl methacrylate polymer that is used as a glass substitute. The Tg of Plexiglas is A) high. B) moderate. C) low. D) not important.
a
32) Which of the following statements about ethylene and polyethylene is true? A) The polymer has only single bonds between carbons, while the monomer has only double bonds between carbons. B) The polymer has the same properties as the monomer. C) The polymer has alternating double and single bonds between carbons, while the monomer has only double bonds between carbons. D) The polymer has alternating double and single bonds between carbons, while the monomer has only single bonds between carbons.
a
33) T h e r m o p l a s t i c p o l y m e r s m a y b e A) heated and reformed. B) changed in color by heating. C) h e a t e d , b u t n o t r e f o r m e d . D) decomposed by heating.
a
35) This formula in which n can be a very large number represents which of the following polymers? CANT INSERT A) polypropylene B) polyvinyl chloride C) polyethylene D) Teflon
a
36) The source of starting materials for synthetic polymers is primarily A) petroleum and natural gas. B) plants. C) r e c y c l e d p l a s t i c s . D) animals.
a
37) T h e m o n o m e r u s e d t o m a k e P V C i s A) H2C:CHCl. B) H2C:CH2 . C) F2C:CF2 . D) Cl2C:CH2 .
a
39) Which of the following is NOT a condensation polymer? A) polypropylene B) Dacron C) polyurethane D) polyester
a
40) Another name for Teflon is A) PTFE. B) HDPE. C) PVC. D) L D P E .
a
41) The pendant group in polypropylene is a(n) A) methyl group. B) chlorine atom. C) ethyl group. D) b e n z e n e r i n g .
a
43) Lycra bicycle shorts and exercise clothing contain fibers that have great strength and rigidity as well as the ability to stretch. These fibers are probably composed of A) a creative combination of amorphous and crystalline polymers. B) amorphous polymers. C) crystalline polymers. D) n a t u r a l r u b b e r .
a
46) HDPE stands for A) h i g h-d e n s i t y p o l y e t h y l e n e . B) h i g h-dose polyethylene. C) hot-dipped polyethylene. D) highly-diffuse polyethylene.
a
53) The polymer segment ~CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2~ represents A) polyethylene. B) polystyrene. C) polypropylene. D) polyvinyl chloride.
a
57) I n o r d e r f o r a s y n t h e t i c p o l y m e r t o b e u s e d a s a b i n d e r i n w a t e r-base latex paints, it must have _____ properties A) rubberlike B) aromatic C) inert D) reactive
a
59) The substance in paints that hardens to form a continuous surface coating is called a A) b i n d e r . B) t h i n n e r . C) solvent. D) p i g m e n t .
a
6) Which of the following characteristics of synthetic polymers is NOT a p r o b l e m ? A) They generally have a high energy content and can be burned. B) They make up a large volume of the waste which goes into landfills. C) T h e y f r e q u e n t l y a r e n e i t h e r b i o d e g r a d a b l e n o r p h o t o d e g r a d a b l e . D) They frequently give off poisonous gases when they are burned.
a
65) Natural rubber can be made from the monomer A) isoprene. B) propylene. C) butadiene. D) ethylene.
a
66) The first synthetic polymer was produced in 1909 and is known as A) bakelite. B) celluloid. C) Plexiglass. D) polyethylene.
a
69) The most widely used synthetic polymer is A) polyethylene. B) polystyrene. C) polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon). D) polyvinyl chloride.
a
Lycra bicycle shorts and exercise clothing contain fibers that have great strength and rigidity as well as the ability to stretch. These fibers are probably composed of
a creative combination of amorphous and crystalline polymers
Which of the following has led to a rapid increase in the world's population since 1900? a. an increase in the birth rate b. a decrease in the birth rate c. an increase in the death rate d. a decrease in the death rate
a decrease in the death rate
Which of the following situations would be an example of kinetic energy?
a nuclear explosion
Sulfur dioxide is readily absorbed in the respiratory system, where it is A) soothing. B) a powerful irritant. C) mildly irritating. D) unreactive.
a powerful irritant
What is a macromolecule
a relatively huge molecule composed of a repeating pattern of smaller units
The use of biomass as a solution to all energy needs is limited by
a shortage of land to grow plants for energy consumption.
Polyethylene is NOT
a thermosetting polymer.
When added to water, which of the following would produce a BASE? a. BaO b. ClO2 c. P4O10 d. SO2
a. BaO
When added to water, which of the following would produce a base? a. Li2O b. CO2 c. F2 d. SO3
a. Li2O
Control rods in a nuclear reactor are used to
absorb neutrons and slow down fission.
Optical brighteners work by A) absorbing blue rays and ultraviolet rays. B) absorbing ultraviolet rays and emitting blue rays. C) spontaneously emitting blue rays when they attach to clothing fibers. D) spontaneously emitting ultraviolet rays when they attach to clothing fibers.
absorbing ultraviolet rays and emitting blue rays.
Breeder reactors allow for the use of
abundant and naturally occurring U-238 as a nuclear fuel.
Geothermal energy cannot meet all of our energy needs because
access to geothermal energy is limited to certain regions.
The most dangerous mixture of cleaning agents, because of release of a toxic gas, a. rubbing alcohol and ammonia b. rubbing alcohol and vinegar c. acidic toilet cleaner and bleach d. oven cleaner and ammonia
acidic toilet cleaner and bleach
Lakes and streams with limestone rock bottoms are less susceptible to A) high levels of BOD. B) anaerobic organisms. C) acidification. D) low DO.
acidification.
In secondary treatment of sewage, which removes organic matter? A) chlorine B) ozone C) aluminum sulfate and lime D) aerobic bacteria
aerobic bacteria
Which of the following is NOT a problem associated with nuclear power plants?
air pollution
The effects of acid rain include all of the following EXCEPT A) algal blooms in lakes. B) clear and sparkling lake water. C) corrosion of the finish on automobiles. D) release of toxic ions from rocks and soil.
algal blooms in lakes.
Elements in Group 2A are known as the ________.
alkaline earth metals
When scrap metal is recycled to make new iron and steel products, there is also a reduction in a. energy consumption. b. water pollution. c. air pollution. d. all of the above are reduced. e. world population.
all of the above are reduced
Ozone (O3) and oxygen (O2) are A) allotropes. B) similar in reactivity. C) isomers. D) liquids at room temperature.
allotropes.
The metal ion found in clays and other minerals that appears to be deadly to young fish is ________. A) potassium B) strontium C) aluminum D) sodium
aluminum
What is the systematic name of NH4ClO3?
ammonium chlorate
What is the correct name for the compound NH4ClO4?
ammonium perchlorate
What type of chemical is most effective in removing the build-up of "lime" that is often found in toilet bowls? A) an abrasive B) an acid C) a base D) a bleach
an acid
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of soap? Soap is A) biodegradable. B) derived from renewable resources. C) an excellent cleaner in hard water. D) relatively nontoxic.
an excellent cleaner in hard water.
Which of the following has resulted from the increase in world population? a. better recycling b. an increase in waste generation c. more plentiful water d. more food
an increase in waste generation
A lake that has a foul odor has most likely undergone A) aerobic decay. B) anaerobic decay. C) eutrophication. D) parthenogenesis.
anaerobic decay.
A lake that has a foul odor has most likely undergone A) aerobic decay. B) anaerobic decay. C) sublimation. D) parthenogenesis.
anaerobic decay.
The major advantage of LAS detergents over ABS detergents is that they A) are effective in hard water. B) are soil based. C) are biodegradable. D) lack phosphates.
are biodegradable.
What isotope has 18 protons and 22 neutrons?
argon-40
Which of the following forms a strongly caustic solution when mixed with water? A) automatic dishwashing detergent B) liquid dishwashing detergent C) liquid clothing detergent D) bath soap
automatic dishwashing detergent
The major source of photochemical smog is A) automobile emissions. B) industrial emissions. C) fossil fuel power plant emissions. D) nuclear power plant emissions.
automobile emissions.
Composite materials are used for
automobile panels.
The main use of elastomers is
automobile tires
12) Toxic hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is generated by burning A) polyethylene. B) polyacrylonitrile (acrylics). C) styrofoam. D) polyvinyl chloride (vinyl plastics).
b
18) W h e n p o l y e s t e r i s f o r m e d a s a f i l m a s o p p o s e d t o a f i b e r , i t i s u s e d i n: A) floor tile. B) party balloons. C) artificial limbs. D) bulletproof vests.
b
2) How does the monomer of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) differ from the monomer of polyethylene? A) The PVC monomer has two chlorine atoms, but the PE monomer does not. B) The PVC monomer has a chlorine atom, but the PE monomer does not. C) The PVC monomer has a triple bond, and the PE monomer has a double bond. D) The PE monomer has one chlorine atom, and the PVC monomer has two chlorine atoms.
b
25) Which of the following will result from adding a plasticizer to a polymer? A) They will be more rigid. B) They will be less brittle. C) They will be more transparent. D) They will have a higher glass transition temperature, Tg.
b
44) Which of the following types of carbon consists of one-atom-thick planar sheets of carbons? A) graphite B) graphene C) n a n o t u b e s D) buckyballs
b
45) The monomer of PVC differs from the monomer of PE by A) three atoms. B) one atom. C) two atoms. D) four atoms.
b
48) Vulcanization of rubber was discovered by A) Charles Goodrich. B) Charles Goodyear. C) Charles Vulcan. D) Charles Firestone.
b
49) HDPE finds applications in A) garbage bags. B) rigid containers. C) squeeze bottles. D) food wrap.
b
52) Which of the following is currently the most desirable method to minimize the problem of disposal of plastics A) Use biodegradable plastics. B) R e c y c l e t h e m . C) Incinerate them. D) Deposit them in a landfill.
b
54) The pendant group in polystyrene is a(n) A) ethyl group. B) b e n z e n e r i n g . C) chlorine atom. D) methyl group.
b
62) The segment of a polymer shown below represents a CANT INSERT A) polyamide. B) polyester. C) polystyrene. D) polyethylene.
b
67) The molecule most commonly split out between monomers to make a condensation polymer is A) HCl. B) H2O. C) NH3 . D) H2S.
b
In which of the following is the reactant undergoing reduction? (Note: These reactions are not complete chemical equations) a. C2H4O ---> C2H4O2 b. C2H4O ---> C2H6O c. CO ---> CO2 d. CG4 ---> C
b. C2H4O ---> C2H6O
All of the following are bases EXCEPT a. KOH b. HNO3 c. NH3 d. Ba(OH)2
b. HNO3
The most serious threat to human health from water supplies is A) bacteria. B) chlorinated hydrocarbons. C) heavy metals. D) nitrates.
bacteria
The first synthetic polymer was produced in 1909 and is known as
bakelite
A solution where [H+]=10^-13 M is
basic
Household ammonia solutions are A) acidic. B) basic. C) neutral. D) oxidizing agents.
basic.
The name of an ore from which aluminum can be produced is a. bauxite. b. chromium. c. mica. d. chrysolite.
bauxite
An element cannot ________.
be separated into other substances by chemical means
The temperature inside the mouth is about 37°C. Polyvinyl acetate, a polymer used in chewing gum, has a Tg
below 37°C.
If there were no greenhouse gases in our atmosphere, the average temperature of the earth would be a. below the freezing point of water b. between the freezing point of water and the boiling point of water c. there would be no change in the current earth temperatures d. above the boiling point of water
below the freezing point of water
The pendant group in polystyrene is a(n)
benzene ring
The first "practical" application of celluloid was
billiard balls
The substance in paints that hardens to form a continuous surface coating is called a
binder.
Hemoglobin is the blood protein responsible for the transport of oxygen. Carbon monoxide disturbs oxygen transport by A) destroying hemoglobin. B) destroying oxygen in the lung. C) binding more strongly to hemoglobin than oxygen. D) destroying lung alveoli.
binding more strongly to hemoglobin than oxygen.
Which set is more precise?
both
Substances added to surfactants to increase their detergency are A) brighteners. B) builders. C) emulsifiers. D) enzymes.
builders.
Which of the following activities would NOT lower the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere? A) building coal-fired power plants B) concentrating emitted CO2 in large underground reservoirs C) planting trees D) stopping deforestation
building coal-fired power plants
The most energy efficient method for converting biomass into useful energy is to
burn the plant material directly.
1) One of the disadvantages of polybutadiene rubber for automobile tires is: A) density. B) expense C) poor resistance to gasoline and oils. D) its color.
c
10) The monomer used to make Teflon is A) H2C:CHCl. B) H2C:CH2 . C) F2C:CF2 . D) Cl2C:CH2 .
c
17) Which of the following is NOT a naturally occurring polymer? A) cellulose B) s t a r c h C) celluloid D) All of the above are naturally occurring polymers.
c
19) Low-density polyethylene is composed of A) a mixture of polyethylene and polystyrene. B) primarily linear, unbranched chains of polyethylene in a close packing arrangement. C) primarily highly branched, non-linear chains of polyethylene in a diffuse packing arrangement D) polyethylene with low density plasticizers added to increase density.
c
21) The development of which polymer enabled the British to have effective radar equipment and thus contributed to the British success in the Battle of Britain in World War II? A) polyvinyl chloride B) polystyrene C) polyethylene D) Teflon
c
22) One of the problems in the production of PVC is that A) vinyl chloride is a solid at room temperature. B) vinyl chloride is toxic. C) vinyl chloride is carcinogenic. D) vinyl chloride is explosive.
c
26) A copolymer is composed of A) different polymers linked end to end. B) different polymers cross-linked. C) two or more different monomers. D) none of the above
c
28) Amorphous polymers are composed of A) highly organized polymer chains. B) a mixture of random and highly organized polymer chains. C) r a n d o m l y o r g a n i z e d p o l y m e r c h a i n s . D) none of the above
c
30) Monomers are A) s m a l l p o l y m e r s . B) ethylene. C) small building blocks of polymers. D) all of the above
c
4) The plastic material used to make transparent "throw-away" drinking cups and disposable coffee cups is: A) bakelite plastic. B) polyethylene. C) polystyrene. D) polyvinyl chloride.
c
42) A polymer that conducts electricity is A) polyvinyl chloride. B) polystyrene. C) polyacetylene. D) polyethylene.
c
5) In the vulcanization of rubber, sulfur A) links all chains into one long chain. B) is inserted into the carbon chain. C) forms links between polymer chains. D) breaks long carbon chains into smaller chains.
c
50) One example of a condensation polymer is A) polyethylene. B) Teflon. C) nylon. D) polystyrene.
c
60) Flame-r e t a r d a n t f a b r i c s o f t e n h a v e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a t o m s i n c o r p o r a t e d i n t o t h e f a b r i c ' s f i b e r s . A) Cl or Cr B) N o r C l C) C l o r B r D) N o r O
c
68) The word polymer means many A) rings. B) carbons. C) parts. D) sides.
c
8) The monomer of polypropylene is 8) A) CH3CH2CH3 . B) CH3CH3 . C) CH2:CHNCH3 . D) CH2:CH2 .
c
9) Production of PCBs was discontinued in 1977, yet PCBs are still found in the environment. The reason for this is: A) PCBs are imported from other countries where their production is not banned. B) PCBs are formed naturally by plants and animals. C) PCBs are very stable molecules. D) P C B s a r e v e r y r e a c t i v e m o l e c u l e s .
c
What is the molecular formula for octane?
c8h18
Which component limits the production?
caps
Nylons are named according to the number of ________ atoms in each monomer unit.
carbon
Catalytic converters on automobiles are designed to reduce the emission of A) calcium nitrate. B) carbon monoxide. C) carbon dioxide. D) sulfur oxides.
carbon monoxide.
The process for removing CO2 from the atmosphere or collecting it from large emission sources and storing it in underground reservoirs is known as A) carbonation. B) carbon sequestration. C) climate change. D) greenhouse control.
carbon sequestration.
What is the name of the covalent compound CCl4?
carbon tetrachloride
The yield of gasoline from crude petroleum can be increased by
catalytic cracking of heavier fractions.
Which of the following is NOT a naturally occurring polymer
celluloid
Celluloid is a chemical modification of which natural product?
cellulose
Bleaches work by A) changing the structure of color-producing groups called chromophores to make them colorless. B) acting directly on the soiled spot to remove the soil. C) changing the stains so that they absorb UV light and then release blue light. D) covering the stains with quaternary ammonium ions so that they are no longer visible.
changing the structure of color-producing groups called chromophores to make them colorless.
All of the following gases come in part from natural sources EXCEPT A) carbon dioxide. B) chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). C) sulfur dioxide. D) hydrocarbons.
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).
The solar energy absorbing molecules of plants that power photosynthesis are called
chlorophylls.
Cr2O3
chromium(III) oxide
Which of the following forms of energy is the dirtiest?
coal
When coal is heated in the absence of air, the condensed vapor collected during the heating is called
coal tar
Limestone is added to the iron producing mixture in a furnace to
combine with silicates to remove impurities in the form of slag
Limestone is added to the iron producing mixture in a furnace to a. add carbon to the mixture. b. provide an additional reducing agent to extract all of the iron from the ore. c. combine with silicates to remove impurities in the form of a slag. d. produce a more corrosion resistant iron.
combine with silicates to remove impurities in the form of slag
Steel is formed by A) heating iron at high temperature for a long time. B) combining iron, carbon and transition metals such as chromium and nickel. C) oxidizing some of the iron to iron oxides. D) adding sand and heating to a high temperature.
combining iron, carbon and transition metals such as chromium and nickel.
Gasoline is a
complex mixture of C5 - C12 hydrocarbons.
Petroleum is best described as a(n)
complex mixture.
Polystyrene is not used for
condiment bottles
The first law of thermodynamics is sometimes called the law of
conservation of energy.
One of the major problems with the use of household chemicals is A) they are toxic. B) consumers often fail to read directions and warnings. C) they do not perform well. D) all of the above
consumers often fail to read directions and warnings.
Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) is a
copolymer
Bronze is an alloy of a. aluminum and tin. b. copper and tin. c. lead and copper. d. platinum and palladium.
copper and tin
Which generally does NOT need to be proven safe and effective before marketing? A) cosmetic B) drug C) food additive D) a cooking oil
cosmetic
The heating of large hydrocarbon compounds with a catalyst in the absence of oxygen is called
cracking.
11) Celluloid is a chemical modification of which natural product? A) cellophane B) ivory C) c e l l s D) cellulose
d
14) The plastic that is used in light weight, rustproof plumbing pipes is A) Te f l o n . B) B a k e l i t e . C) polyethylene. D) PVC.
d
15) Which of the following is/are condensation polymers? A) polyurethane B) polyester C) polyamide D) All are condensation polymers.
d
24) Which of the following roots means "many"? A) t e t r a B) mer C) mono D) poly
d
27) What is Teflon used for? A) garbage bags B) film C) bullet-proof vests D) nonstick cookware
d
3) H i g h-density polyethylene is composed of: A) primarily highly branched, non-linear chains of polyethylene in a diffuse packing arrangement B) a mixture of polyethylene and polystyrene. C) polyethylene with high density plasticizers added to increase density. D) primarily linear, unbranched chains of polyethylene in a close packing arrangements
d
38) A l l o f t h e f o l l o w i n g s t a t e m e n t s a b o u t b i o d e g r a d a b l e p o l y m e r s a r e t r u e E X C E P T A) t h e m o s t s u s t a i n a b l e a p p r o a c h i s t o u s e r e n e w a b l e r e s o u r c e s , e s p e c i a l l y n o n-food crops, as a monomer source. B) their glass transition temperatures are very high. C) m a n y r e q u i r e m i c r o o r g a n i s m s t o d e g r a d e t h e m . D) some can biodegrade by composting.
d
47) Which of the following is NOT true of composite materials? A) The fibers provide support to the composite material. B) The fibers are usually held together by a thermosetting condensation polymer. C) They contain high-s t r e n g t h f i b e r s , o f t e n m a d e f r o m g l a s s , g r a p h i t e o r c e r a m i c s . D) All of the above are true.
d
55) This formula in which n can be a very large number represents which of the following polymers? CANT INSERT A) polypropylene B) polyvinyl chloride C) polyethylene D) polystyrene
d
56) Which of the following statements about the difference between HDPE and LDPE is NOT correct? A) HDPE has fewer side chains branching off from the main chains than LDPE does. B) H D P E h o l d s i t s s h a p e b e t t e r t h a n L D P E d o e s w h e n t h e y a r e p u t i n t o b o i l i n g w a t e r . C) HDPE has a higher density than LDPE does. D) HDPE is more flexible than LDPE is.
d
61) A n o b j e c t w i l l b e u s e d i n a n e n v i r o n m e n t t h a t h a s a t e m p e r a t u r e r a n g e o f -20°C to 10°C. T h e o b j e c t m u s t r e m a i n f l e x i b l e a n d r u b b e r y . I t s h o u l d h a v e a Tg that is A) exactly -20°C. B) less than 10°C b u t g r e a t e r t h a n -20°C. C) g r e a t e r t h a n 10°C. D) less than -20°C.
d
63) Nylons are named according to the number of ________ atoms in each monomer unit. A) oxygen B) nitrogen C) h y d r o g e n D) carbon
d
64) Polyvinyl chloride is used for drain pipes in plumbing applications. It has replaced traditional cast iron pipe for this purpose. The major advantage of PVC in replacing cast iron for this application (particularly if you are a plumber or homeowner) is that PVC A) is more resistant to corrosion. B) is of lighter weight. C) is e a s i e r t o h a n d l e a n d c u t . D) Al l o f t h e a b o v e a r e a d v a n t a g e s o f P V C .
d
7) Which of the following statements about biodegradable polymers is true? A) They will degrade quickly in a landfill. B) T h e r m o s e t t i n g p o l y m e r s a r e b i o d e g r a d a b l e , b u t t h e r m o p l a s t i c s a r e n o t . C) Polyvinyl chloride is a biodegradable polymer. D) They often require specific temperatures or the presence of microorganisms in order to undergo degredation.
d
70) Polyethylene is A) thermoplastic. B) flexible. C) t o u g h . D) all of these
d
In which of the following is the reactant undergoing oxidation? (Note: These reactions are not complete chemical equations) a. Cl2 ----> 2Cl- b. WO3 ---> W c. 2H+ ---> H2 d. C ---> CO2
d. C ---> CO2
When added to water, which of the following would produce an acid? a. Na b. BaO c. NH3 d. SO3
d. SO3
Recycling of aluminum beverage cans is an example of the fact that
decreasing entropy is a nonspontaneous process.
Recycling of plastics is an example of the fact that ________ (decreasing/increasing) entropy is a ________ process.
decreasing, nonspontaneous
The principal fuel(s) for nuclear fusion would be
deuterium and tritium (2H and 3H).
Determine the name for Cl2O7. a. dichlorine heptoxide b. chlorine oxide c. chlorine (VII) oxide d. chlorine (II) heptoxide e. chlorine heptoxide
dichlorine heptoxide
What is the name of the covalent compound N2O5?
dinitrogen pentoxide
To market a new cosmetic, a manufacturer a. does not have to prove that it is safe and effective for its intended use. b. must pay the FDA to test it fir safety. c. must provide the FDA with evidence that the ingredients are safe for the intended use. d. must submit an application to the FDA showing that the product is not a cosmeceutical
does not have to prove that it is safe and effective for its intended use.
Name three advantages of acrylic fiber yarns over wool.
don't shrink in water, are not attacked by moths, and are non-allergenic
If no magnetic field were applied, would you expect the electron beam to be deflected upward or downward by the electric field?
downward
Usually the symptom of carbon monoxide poisoning is A) diarrhea. B) uncontrollable shaking. C) drowsiness. D) bluing of the eyes and skin.
drowsiness.
Which of these common human activities contribute to BOD? A) dumping detergents in a lake or pond B) swimming in a lake or pond C) paddling a boat across a lake or pond D) fishing in a lake or pond
dumping detergents in a lake or pond
A sulfur oxide is 50.0% by mass sulfur. This molecular formula could be ________.
either SO2 or S2O4
One of the first applications of polyethylene was
electrical insulation
For most uses, the most convenient form of energy is
electrical.
Cathode rays are ________.
electrons
5) Describe one method for the removal of particulates from smokestack gases.
electrostatic precipitation
In cleaning, soap acts as a(n) ________ between "dirt" and water. A) catalyst B) chemical reactant C) emulsifier D) insulator
emulsifier
A student mixes compound A with compound B and notices that a chemical reaction occurs. The temperature of the mixture decreases. The reaction is ________.
endothermic
All of the following examples are classified as potential energy except
energy of a moving object.
The second law of thermodynamics defines
entropy
The layer of skin whose moisture content determines whether our skin feels moist and soft or dry and flaky is the A) apocrine. B) dermis. C) epidermis. D) eccrine.
epidermis.
When the ethane and propane components of natural gas are cracked, two new compounds are formed which are essential monomers used in making plastics. These substances are ________.
ethylene and propylene
The most important commercial organic compound is
ethylene, CH2=CH2
Algae growth and death in a lake can increase the BOD of the water. This process is called A) oxidation. B) fertilization. C) eutrophication. D) regeneration.
eutrophication.
Heat of vaporization is the amount of heat required to A) evaporate a liquid. B) condense a vapor. C) melt a solid. D) evaporate a solid.
evaporate a liquid.
Which of the following is an endothermic process?
evaporation of water
One of the results of ozone pollution is A) destruction of bricks. B) decomposition of granite buildings. C) cracking of roads. D) extensive damage to crops.
extensive damage to crops.
Quaternary salts with two long carbon chains and two smaller chains on the nitrogen are used as A) bleaches. B) analgesics. C) fabric softeners. D) weed killers.
fabric softeners.
The greatest hazard in using plastics in home building materials and furnishings is that some
form poisonous gases when burned
In the vulcanization of rubber, sulfur
forms links between polymer chains
Carbon can exist is several forms. Which of the following is a form of carbon and does not contain other atoms besides carbon?
fullerenes
Silicons are NOT used for
garbage bags
The number of possible microstates will be greatest for a
gas
Which physical state has the greatest entropy?
gas
When coal containing sulfur is burned, the sulfur is converted to
gaseous sulfur oxides that go up the smokestack.
Which of the following is NOT powered by the sun?
geothermal energy
A cleaning product that may contain either ammonia or vinegar in a dilute solution of isopropyl (rubbing) alcohol would be used as a(n) A) toilet bowl cleaner. B) oven cleaner. C) glass cleaner. D) drain cleaner.
glass cleaner.
Which of the following types of carbon consists of one-atom-thick planar sheets of carbons
graphene
Assume that you have two compounds, A and B, each of which is known to increase the risk of developing cancer. A and B act in synergy. Your risk of developing cancer if you were exposed to both A and B would be A) the higher of the risk from A or the risk from B. B) the sum of the individual risks from A and B. C) lower than the sum of the individual risks. D) greater than the sum of the individual risks.
greater than the sum of the individual risks.
Vulcanization makes rubber
hard
Detergents are better cleaners than soaps in A) hard water. B) soft water. C) alkaline water. D) all of the above
hard water.
Thermoplastic polymers may be
heated and reformed
The petroleum fraction with the highest boiling point is
heating oil
HDPE stands for
high density polyethylene
The dramatic temperature changes on the moon between day and night are not seen on the earth because of what property of water? A) excellent solvent B) less dense as a solid C) high heat capacity D) All of the above contribute.
high heat capacity
Lakes and oceans affect climate by moderating variations in air temperature. The property of water moderating temperature variations is its A) density. B) surface tension. C) boiling point. D) high heat of vaporization.
high heat of vaporization.
Plexiglas is a polymethyl methacrylate polymer that is used as a glass substitute. The Tg of Plexiglas is
high.
Crystalline polymers are composed of
highly organized polymer chains
Precision refers to ________.
how close a measured number is to other measured numbers
3) Describe the oxygen cycle. Use specific examples to illustrate the cyclic nature of the cycle.
http://d1jqu7g1y74ds1.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/cycleoxygentest.png
The main components of petroleum are
hydrocarbons.
The major component of petroleum is (are)
hydrocarbons.
Which one of the choices below is not considered a fossil fuel?
hydrogen
In general, a higher proportion of branched chain hydrocarbons in a gasoline formulation
increases octane rating.
There are several factors that can cause a chemical reaction to proceed faster. One such factor is ________.
increasing temp, increasing the concentration of the reactants, using a catalyst
Gases and liquids share the property of ________.
indefinite shape
Consumption of water with high levels of nitrate is particularly hazardous to A) infants. B) males. C) females. D) elderly.
infants.
In hard water, soaps are converted to A) insoluble salts. B) bases. C) lye. D) anhydrides.
insoluble salts.
Physical properties can be classified as either intensive properties or extensive properties. An intensive property is independent of the amount of the sample. An extensive property varies with the amount of the sample.
intensive - matte grey begins to melt at " " has density of 23834 Extensive - has volume of 3.28 Ml Has mass of 44.89 g
The correct name for FeO is (Fe is a type 2 cation) a. iron oxide b. iron(II) oxide c. iron(III) oxide d. iron monoxide e. iron(I) oxide
iron(II) oxide
Liquefaction of coal produces a fuel that
is more conveniently transported.
You cannot make a bomb from reactor grade uranium because it
is not enriched enough in uranium-235.
Polyvinyl chloride is used for drain pipes in plumbing applications. It has replaced traditional cast iron pipe for this purpose. The major advantage of PVC in replacing cast iron for this application (particularly if you are a plumber or homeowner) is that PVC
is of lighter weight. is easier to handle and cut. is more resistant to corrosion.
Natural rubber can be made from the monomer
isoprene
Hydrogen gas has been proposed as a fuel of the future because
it burns to produce water.
All of the following statements are true of hard water EXCEPT A) it contains calcium salts. B) it contains iron salts. C) it contains only Na+ and K+ ions. D) it forms an insoluble scum with soap.
it contains only Na+ and K+ ions.
The SI unit of energy is
joule
The fraction from the distillation of crude petroleum that is slightly heavier than gasoline is called
kerosene.
When gasoline undergoes complete combustion, carbon dioxide and water are produced. However, these reactions are generally incomplete combustions, and there are side reactions which produce small amounts of harmful products. These pollutants include all of the following EXCEPT A) carbon monoxide. B) lead. C) nitrogen oxides. D) volatile organic compounds.
lead
What is the systematic name of PbO?
lead(II) oxide
An object will be used in an environment that has a temperature range of -20°C to 10°C. The object must remain flexible and rubbery. It should have a Tg that is
less than -20°C.
The temperature in many parts of the world can range between 0°C and 40°C, therefore we want the Tg of PVC used as seat covers in cars to be
less than 0°C.
The temperature in many parts of the world can range between 0°C and 40°C, therefore we want the Tg of car tires to be
less than 0°C.
Acidic water is neutralized when ________ is present. A) sulfur dioxide B) limestone C) hydrogen iodide D) methane
limestone
Which of the following is most commonly used to remove sulfur dioxide from smokestack gases? A) bag filtration B) electrostatic precipitators C) limestone-dolomite process D) wet scrubbers
limestone-dolomite process
Nitrogen (N2) and hydrogen (H2) react to form ammonia (NH3). Consider the mixture of N2 and H2 shown in the accompanying diagram. The blue spheres represent N, and the white ones represent H. (Figure 1)
limiting reactant H2
Which of the following is a copolymer
linear low density polyethylene
LDPE stands for
low density polyethylene
An atmospheric inversion is a phenomenon that may have disastrous effects with respect to air pollution. An atmospheric inversion occurs when a A) lower layer of cool air is trapped by an upper layer of warmer air. B) lower layer of warm air is trapped by an upper layer of cooler air. C) lower layer of oxygen rich air is trapped by an upper layer of oxygen deficient air. D) lower layer of oxygen deficient air is trapped by an upper layer of oxygen rich air.
lower layer of cool air is trapped by an upper layer of warmer air
How many grams of calcium hydride are needed to form 4.650 g of hydrogen gas?
m = 48.94 g
A common English set of units for expressing velocity is miles/hour. The SI unit for velocity is ________.
m/s
What is the systematic name of Mg(NO3)2?
magnesium nitrate
MnO2
manganese(IV) oxide
The word polymer means
many parts
In the symbol below, x is ________. x6C
mass number
You are given a sample resembling silver. Which of the following properties could be used to help determine whether the sample is really silver?
melting and density point
When coal is burned, mineral impurities are converted to
metal oxide solids that remain behind as ash.
Potassium is a ________ and chlorine is a ________.
metal, nonmetal
The major component of natural gas is
methane.
The pendant group in polypropylene is a(n)
methyl group
A compound that replaced tetraethyllead as an octane booster is
methyl tert-butyl ether.
Volatile organic compounds (VOC) make up one category of contaminants in groundwater. Which one of the following is NOT a VOC? A) mica B) chloroform C) toluene D) benzene
mica
Recent evidence indicates that petroleum is derived from
microscopic marine animals.
The first attempts to make synthetic polymers involved
modifying a naturally occurring polymer to form celluloid
A weak electrolyte exists predominantly as ________ in solution.
molecules
The major source of all air pollutants in the United States is A) industrial emissions. B) residential emissions. C) motor vehicle emissions. D) natural sources.
motor vehicle emissions.
If very pure silicon is doped with a small amount of arsenic, the resulting crystal is called a
n-type semiconductor
The petroleum fraction that has the lowest boiling point is
natural gas.
An atom of iron is represented by 5726Fe. How many neutrons are in the nucleus of this atom?
neutrons in 57/26Fe = 31
NiO
nickel(II) oxide
Carbon monoxide reacts with hemoglobin and interferes with its ability to transport oxygen. Which other gas also can react with hemoglobin when it is present in high concentrations? A) nitrogen (N2) B) nitric oxide (NO) C) sulfur dioxide (SO2) D) sulfur trioxide (SO3)
nitric oxide (NO)
The day starts out bright and sunny. Later, a brown haze develops. This indicates the presence of A) nitrogen dioxide. B) ozone. C) carbon monoxide. D) methane.
nitrogen dioxide.
Natural gas burns with a relatively clean flame. Which of the following potential pollutants is produced in significant quantities during the combustion of natural gas in air?
nitrogen oxides
At the high temperature in an internal combustion engine, a fraction of the nitrogen in air is converted to A) carbon monoxide. B) sulfur dioxide. C) argon. D) nitrogen oxides.
nitrogen oxides.
Which of the following gases is most efficient at trapping atmospheric heat? A) carbon dioxide (CO2) B) nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) C) water (H2O) D) methane (CH4)
nitrogen trifluoride (NF3)
Can the ice be contained within the bottle?
no
Could the empirical formula determined from chemical analysis be used to tell the difference between acetylene, C2H2, and benzene, C6H6?
no
For which one of the following reactions is the value of ΔH°rxn equal to ΔH°f for the product?
none of the above
Silicone is a(n)
none of the below polyester. plasticizer. conducting polymer
A breeder reactor converts
nonfissionable U-238 to fissionable Pu-239.
Which one of the following is NOT a property of radon? A) unreactive B) tasteless C) odorless D) nonradioactive
nonradioactive
What is Teflon used for
nonstick cookware
Which technology is NOT used at all today for the production of electricity?
nuclear fusion
Natural polymers which carry the coded genetic information that makes each individual unique are
nucleic acids
One example of a condensation polymer is
nylon
The impact of CFCs on the ozone layer is amplified by the fact that A) CFCs replicate in the stratosphere. B) CFCs decompose before reaching the stratosphere. C) CFCs react with oxygen to produce many reactive intermediates. D) one CFC molecule will lead to the decomposition of many ozone molecules.
one CFC molecule will lead to the decomposition of many ozone molecules.
The impact of CFCs on the ozone layer is amplified by the fact that A) CFCs replicate in the stratosphere. B) one CFC molecule will lead to the decomposition of many ozone molecules. C) CFCs decompose before reaching the stratosphere. D) CFCs react with oxygen to produce many reactive intermediates.
one CFC molecule will lead to the decomposition of many ozone molecules.
The word monomer means
one unit
The monomer from which polyethylene is made has ________ attached to the C=C.
only H atoms
The unique aspect of a saturated hydrocarbon is that it must contain
only single bonds
Charcoal filtration of wastewater is an excellent method for the removal of A) dissolved ions. B) organic molecules. C) nitrates and phosphates. D) sludge.
organic molecules.
Super bugs are A) insects that can fly for a long time. B) organisms that are resistant to antibiotics. C) insects that are resistant to bug killer. D) insects that can fly to high altitudes.
organisms that are resistant to antibiotics.
One of the major difficulties in developing nuclear fusion as a possible source of continuous energy is that temperatures of ________ are needed to initiate fusion reactions.
over 50,000,000°C
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is a measure of the amount of A) dissolved oxygen in a water sample. B) dissolved biochemical oxygen in a water sample. C) oxygen required to degrade organic material in the water. D) oxygen required by aquatic life in a water sample.
oxygen required to degrade organic material in the water.
Aerobic decomposition of organic matter requires A) oxygen. B) nitrogen. C) magnesium. D) water.
oxygen.
If very pure silicon is doped with a small amount of boron, the resulting crystal is called a(n)
p-type semiconductor
When polyester is formed as a film as opposed to a fiber, it is used in
party balloons
Along with fertilizers which increase BOD, which class of agricultural chemicals often contaminate water? A) toxic metal B) crude oil C) pesticides D) radioisotopes
pesticides
The source of starting materials for synthetic polymers is primarily
petroleum and natural gas
The state of matter characterized by atomic nuclei and free electrons is called a
plasma.
LDPE finds applications as
plastic film
Which of the following roots means "many"?
poly
A polymer that conducts electricity is
polyacetylene
Toxic hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is generated by burning
polyacrylonitrile
The segment of a polymer shown below represents a
polyamide
The segment of a polymer shown below represents a
polyester
The development of which polymer enabled the British to have effective radar equipment and thus contributed to the British success in the Battle of Britain in World War II?
polyethylene
The most widely used synthetic polymer is
polyethylene
The polymer segment ~CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2~ represents
polyethylene
This formula in which n can be a very large number represents which of the following polymers?
polyethylene
Which of the following is the simplest synthetic polymer?
polyethylene
Plexiglass is
polymethyl methacrylate
This formula in which n can be a very large number represents which of the following polymers?
polypropylene
Which of the following is NOT a condensation polymer
polypropylene
This formula in which n can be a very large number represents which of the following polymers?
polystyrene
This formula in which n can be a very large number represents which of the following polymers?
polyvinyl chloride
One of the disadvantages of polybutadiene rubber for automobile tires is
poor resistance to gasoline and oils
A 0.100 M solution of ________ will contain the highest concentration of potassium ions.
potassium phosphate
Bathtub ring is caused by A) the action of ammonia with water. B) precipitation of soap by "hard" metal ions. C) rust formation from sulfur in the water. D) soap and water cause a ringing sound in the ears.
precipitation of soap by "hard" metal ions.
Fluorides are added to water to A) kill viruses. B) remove nitrites. C) neutralize bases. D) prevent tooth decay.
prevent tooth decay.
Low-density polyethylene is composed of
primarily highly branched, non-linear chains of polyethylene in a diffuse packing arrangement
High-density polyethylene is composed of
primarily linear, unbranched chains of polyethylene in a close packing arrangement
All of the orbitals in a given electron shell have the same value as the ________ quantum number.
principal
One of the potential problems with chlorination of waste water is that it A) provides no residual protection. B) is ineffective against pathogenic bacteria. C) produces low levels of chlorinated hydrocarbons. D) is more expensive than other approaches.
produces low levels of chlorinated hydrocarbons.
Wool and silk are examples of which type of naturally occurring polymer
proteins
Which subatomic particle(s) are found in the nucleus of the atom?
protons, neutrons
Classify each of the following as a pure substance or a mixture.
pure substance - magnesium, crushed ice. Mixture - rice pudding, seawater
Tailings are the name for
radioactive waste produced during the mining of uranium.
The internal heat from the earth is due to
radioactivity and gravitation forces in the earth's mantle and core.
Heat capacity is a measure of the heat required to A) expand the volume of a substance. B) evaporate a substance. C) freeze a substance. D) raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1°C.
raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1°C.
Amorphous polymers are composed of
randomly organized polymer chains
The best way to handle solid waste is to a. incinerate it. b. dump it at sea. c. bury it. d. reduce it, reuse it and recycle it.
reduce it, reuse it and recycle it.
The three Rs of garbage are a. reduce, recycle, and redeploy. b. reuse, redeploy, and recycle. c. reuse, reprocess, and recycle. d. reduce, reuse, and recycle e. reuse, recycle, and regenerate.
reduce, reuse, and recycle
Fuels are ________ forms of matter.
reduced
Fuels are ________ forms of matter. The energy content of fuels is released by ________.
reduced, oxidation
The decomposition of 2 mol of water to hydrogen and oxygen requires 137 kcal of energy. The reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to form 2 mol of water
releases 137 kcal.
Water softeners A) remove "hard" ions. B) destroy "hard" ions. C) modify "hard" ions. D) Water softeners do all of the above.
remove "hard" ions.
If we should "run out" of aluminum someday, it would be because we had a. converted too much aluminum to another metal. b. destroyed too much aluminum. c. used too much aluminum. d. scattered aluminum too widely in the environment for efficient recovery.
scattered aluminum too widely in the environment for efficient recovery.
The fact that a refrigerator requires energy to move heat from a colder object (the inside of the refrigerator) to a hotter object (the outside of the refrigerator) is a real life observation of which law of thermodynamics?
second law
Primary sewage treatment involves A) aeration. B) settling. C) chemical treatment. D) Primary sewage treatment involves all of the above.
settling.
Most solar cells are composed primarily of
silicon
What type of polymer is used for silly putty
silicones
Rainwater is A) slightly acidic because it reacts with dissolved CO2 gas. B) slightly basic because it reacts with dissolved CO2 gas. C) slightly acidic because it reacts with dissolved radon gas. D) slightly basic because it reacts with dissolved radon gas.
slightly acidic because it reacts with dissolved CO2 gas.
American pioneers combined potash solution and animal fat in a huge iron kettle and cooked it over several hours. The result was A) detergent. B) soap. C) cooking oil. D) food for animals.
soap.
The abrasive in commercial powdered cleansers is often A) sodium carbonate. B) baking powder. C) charcoal. D) gold metal.
sodium carbonate.
Washing soda is A) sodium peroxide. B) sodium carbonate. C) sodium borate. D) sodium chloride.
sodium carbonate.
The main ingredient in oven cleaners is A) acetic acid (vinegar). B) bleach. C) citric acid. D) sodium hydroxide.
sodium hydroxide.
The active ingredient in chlorine laundry bleaches is A) chlorine, Cl2. B) sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl. C) sodium chloride, NaCl. D) a mixture of CFCs.
sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl.
Photovoltaic cells convert
solar energy into electrical energy.
The production of biomass as an energy source is an example of the conversion of
solar energy to chemical energy.
All of the following statements about biodegradable polymers are true EXCEPT
some can biodegrade by composting TRUE: -the most sustainable approach is to use renewable resources, especially non-food crops, as a monomer source. -their glass transition temperatures are very high. -many require microorganisms to degrade them.
Which of the following is a naturally occurring polymer?
starch
Polyethylene terephthalate is used for
stiff collars on men's shirts that are out of fashion.
Acid rain contains A) potassium carbonate. B) sulfuric acid. C) boric acid. D) potassium chloride.
sulfuric acid.
8) What crucial role does sunlight play in photochemical smog?
sunlight provides the energy needed to combine sulfur and nitrogen into respective oxides.
Without the greenhouse effect, A) the Earth would be much colder. B) no precipitation would fall. C) there would be no change of season. D) more earthquakes would occur.
the Earth would be much colder.
The industrial fixation of nitrogen to produce nitrogen fertilizers has drastically increased food supply primarily because A) plants need nitrogen. B) plants fix nitrogen slowly. C) the availability of fixed nitrogen is often a limiting factor in plant growth. D) nitrogen in the atmosphere has decreased over the past two centuries.
the availability of fixed nitrogen is often a limiting factor in plant growth.
London smog is attributed primarily to A) the burning of coal. B) train exhaust. C) sulfur oxides. D) ozone.
the burning of coal.
An advantage of natural gas as a fuel is that it is
the cleanest of the fossil fuels.
The statement "you can't get something for nothing" is another way of expressing
the first law of thermodynamics.
One of the advantages of incinerating plastics is
the high fuel value
What is polymerization
the process of building polymers from monomers
The fact that a heat pump requires energy to move heat from a colder object (the outside of a house) to a hotter object (the inside of the house) is a real life observation of which thermodynamic law?
the second law
The inevitable energy lost as heat in the generation of electrical energy in the most efficient fossil fuel based power plant is a result of
the second law of thermodynamics.
The formula weight of a substance is ________.
the sum of the atomic weights of each atom in its chemical formula
The glass transition temperature (Tg) for a material is
the temperature below which the material is hard and brittle and the temperature above which the material is tough and rubbery.
One of the advantages of hydrogen fuel cells as an energy source for space travel is that
the water produced by the cell can be used for other purposes.
Which problem do all electric power plants have in common?
thermal pollution
HDPE finds applications in
threaded bottle caps
What is the probable identity of the substance?
toluene
The valence shell of the element X contains 2 electrons in a 5s subshell. Below that shell, element X has a partially filled 4d subshell. What type of element is X?
transition metal
Plasticizers are liquids of low volatility which can be lost by diffusion or evaporation as a plastic material ages.
true
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are no longer used as plasticizers because they are considered to be an environmental hazard.
true
Polymers can be made from corn, soybeans, and sugarcane.
true
The wings of some airplanes are made from composite materials.
true
A copolymer is composed of
two or more different monomers
Given the potential benefits and risks associated with nuclear power, the desirability quotient for electrical generation by nuclear power is probably best described as
uncertain.
Which electron configuration represents a violation of Hund's rule for an atom in its ground state?
up down, up down, up down
Which one of the following is the correct electron configuration for a ground-state nitrogen atom?
up down, up down, up up up
One of the problems in the production of PVC is that
vinyl chloride is carcinogenic
A green product would most likely NOT contain which of the following? A) a natural scent B) materials derived from plant sources C) degradable ingredients D) volatile hydrocarbons
volatile hydrocarbons
A green product would most likely NOT contain which of the following? A) a natural scent B) materials derived from plant sources C) degradable ingredients D) volatile hydrocarbons
volatile hydrocarbons
Elastomers are synthetic polymers that mimic the properties of
vulcanized rubber
When a hydrocarbon burns in air, a component produced is ________.
water
A neutralization reaction between an acid and a metal hydroxide produces ________.
water and a salt
Using hydrogen (H2) to reduce magnetite (Fe3O4) to iron (Fe) is considered to be "greener" than using carbon monoxide (CO) because a. there are more molecules of the CO2 by-products produced than molecules of the water by-product. b. water contributes less to climate change than carbon dioxide does. c. using hydrogen uses much less energy than using carbon monoxide does. d. the iron produced by using hydrogen can be replaced by aluminum more easily.
water contributes less to climate change than carbon dioxide does.
Dissolved oxygen is added to streams and rivers by A) aerobic bacteria. B) waterfalls and rapids. C) decaying algae. D) fertilizer runoff.
waterfalls and rapids.
Perhaps the first mechanical device used to convert energy into a more useful form was the
waterwheel
The fastest growing energy source in the United states is
wind power.
The first fuel was
wood
Which of the following is NOT a fossil fuel?
wood
Which of the following natural polymers is a polyamide?
wool
There are two different compounds of sulfur and fluorine. In SF6, the mass of fluorine per gram of sulfur is 3.55 g F/g S. In the other compound, SFX, the mass of fluorine per gram of sulfur is 1.18 g F/g S. What is the value of X for the second compound?
x = 2
The name trisodium phosphate is incorrect for the compound Na3PO4 because: a. this compound should be called trisodium monophosphate. b. the sodium has a negative 3 charge. c. you cannot use a prefix for the first element in a covalent compound. d. you cannot use a prefix for the first element of an ionic compound. e. sodium is a non-metal.
you cannot use a prefix for the first element of an ionic compound.
What is the calculated density of the substance?
ρ = 0.86 g/mL
Approximately what percentage of known compounds are classified as organic compounds? A) ≈ 95% B) ≈ 70% C) ≈ 40% D) ≈ 20%
A) ≈ 95%
In representing the general formula of various functional groups, the symbol R stands for A) a halogen atom. B) a ring. C) an aromatic group. D) an alkyl group.
D) an alkyl group.
The most unique property of carbon is its ability to A) form four bonds. B) bond to oxygen. C) bond to nitrogen. D) bond to carbon.
D) bond to carbon.
What is the name of the compound with a formula CH3CH2CH2CH3? A) methane B) ethane C) propane D) butane
D) butane
Aldehydes and ketones share a common functional group. The group is the A) hydroxyl group. B) phenol group. C) ether group. D) carbonyl group.
D) carbonyl group.
Compounds that have two alkyl groups attached to an oxygen atom are called A) alcohols. B) phenols. C) esters. D) ethers.
D) ethers.
Which of the following is an aromatic compound? A) butene B) hexyne C) ethane D) ethylbenzene
D) ethylbenzene
In general, CFCs are A) solids with high melting points. B) solids with low melting points. C) liquids with high boiling points. D) gases or liquids with low boiling points.
D) gases or liquids with low boiling points.
The compounds CH3CH3 and CH3CH2CH3 are A) isomers. B) allotropes. C) isotopes. D) homologs.
D) homologs.
Methane, benzene, 1-butyne, and 2-pentene are all examples of A) alkenes. B) alkanes. C) aromatic compounds. D) hydrocarbons.
D) hydrocarbons.
A phenol has a(n) ________ group attached to a benzene ring. A) amino B) carbonyl C) carboxyl D) hydroxyl
D) hydroxyl
The compound below is a(n) O // CH3CH2CCH3 A) alcohol. B) aldehyde. C) carboxylic acid. D) ketone.
D) ketone.
Compounds with a hydroxyl group attached directly to a benzene ring are called A) alcohols. B) aromatic hydrocarbons. C) ethers. D) phenols.
D) phenols.
The chemical formula of cyclohexane is A) C6H6. B) C6H8. C) C6H10. D) C6H12.
D) C6H12.
A molecular formula of an aromatic hydrocarbon is A) C10H18. B) C8H16. C) C7H10. D) C6H6.
D) C6H6.
The formula for butane is A) C4H10. B) C5H12. C) C6H14. D) C4H8.
A) C4H10.
The formula for heptene is A) C7H14. B) C3H8. C) C4H10. D) C5H12.
A) C7H14.
An example of an alkane is A) C9H20. B) C5H10. C) C7H12. D) C8H20.
A) C9H20.
The condensed structural formula for the molecule below is CH3 / CH3CH2CCH3 / CH3 A) CH3CH2C(CH3)3. B) CH3CH2CH2(CH3)2CH3. C) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3. D) none of the above
A) CH3CH2C(CH3)3.
Diethyl ether is the most important of the ethers. It has the structure of A) CH3CH2OCH2CH3. B) CH3CH2OH. C) CH3CH2OCH3. D) (CH3)2CHOH.
A) CH3CH2OCH2CH3.
Which of the following alkanes will have the lowest boiling point? A) CH4 B) C3H8 C) C14H30 D) C22H46
A) CH4
Citronellol, C10H19OH, is a constituent of rose and germanium oils. It is used in perfumery. Chemically, citronellol is an A) alcohol. B) acid. C) alkane. D) amine.
A) alcohol.
The structures that contains single bonds and an oxygen are A) alcohols and ethers. B) aldehydes and ketones. C) carboxylic acids and esters. D) alkenes.
A) alcohols and ethers.
A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen and which has only single bonds between atoms is classified as an A) alkane. B) alkene. C) aromatic compound. D) alkyne.
A) alkane.
The term "organic" refer to foods that A) are grown using "all-natural" methods and without the use of synthetic pesticides or herbicides. B) contain no organic compounds. C) contain only organic compounds. D) are grown hydroponically.
A) are grown using "all-natural" methods and without the use of synthetic pesticides or herbicides.
The intoxicating alcohol in "alcoholic" beverages is A) ethanol. B) methyl alcohol. C) 1-propanol. D) rubbing alcohol.
A) ethanol.
Which of the following is an alkene? A) ethylene B) butyne C) cyclohexane D) xylene
A) ethylene
The smallest cyclic ether is called A) ethylene oxide. B) ethylene glycol. C) ethanol. D) diethyl ether.
A) ethylene oxide.
When carbon tetrachloride reacts with hot water it produces phosgene (COCl2). Phosgene was used in poison-gas warfare in World War I. Based upon this chemistry, carbon tetrachloride is no longer used in A) fire extinguishers. B) anesthetics. C) chemical reactions. D) toilet bowl cleaners.
A) fire extinguishers.
Perfluorocarbons are A) hydrocarbons in which all hydrogen atoms have been replaced by fluorine. B) hydrocarbons in which most hydrogen atoms have been replaced by fluorine. C) hydrocarbons in which there is one fluorine per carbon atom. D) none of the above
A) hydrocarbons in which all hydrogen atoms have been replaced by fluorine.
Alcohols are characterized by which functional group? A) hydroxyl B) carboxyl C) halide D) ester
A) hydroxyl
When wood is heated in the absence of air, the wood is destructively distilled and condensed to a liquid mixture. The primary component of this mixture is A) methanol. B) ethanol. C) rubbing alcohol. D) gasoline.
A) methanol.
Organic compounds are A) nonpolar and less dense than water. B) polar and less dense than water. C) nonpolar and more dense than water. D) polar and more dense than water.
A) nonpolar and less dense than water.
An emollient is a A) skin softener. B) sun screen. C) laxative. D) detergent.
A) skin softener.
All of the following are properties of hydrocarbons EXCEPT A) they have a higher density than water. B) their boiling points increase as the number of carbons increases. C) they burn readily. D) they are good solvents for nonpolar substances.
A) they have a higher density than water.
How many different structural isomers are there for a hydrocarbon with the formula C4H10? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
B) 2
A bottle of an alcoholic beverage is labelled as "60 proof." The percentage of ethanol by volume in this alcoholic beverage is A) 15%. B) 30%. C) 60%. D) 20%.
B) 30%.
Phenol, sometimes called carbolic acid, was the first A) anesthetic. B) antiseptic. C) insecticide. D) analgesic.
B) antiseptic.
Ethanol acts as a mild A) stimulant. B) depressant. C) hallucinogen. D) narcotic.
B) depressant.
Which of the following compounds is saturated? A) pentene B) ethane C) butyne D) pentadiene
B) ethane
CH3CH2OCH3 is called A) ethyl propyl ether. B) ethyl methyl ether. C) butyl propyl ether. D) dimethyl ether.
B) ethyl methyl ether.
The main ingredient in most antifreezes is A) ethanol. B) ethylene glycol. C) glycerol. D) gasoline.
B) ethylene glycol.
In organic chemistry, compounds are generally classified by A) state. B) functional group. C) color. D) odor.
B) functional group.
Which of the following is an alkyne? A) ethylene B) hexyne C) heptane D) benzene
B) hexyne
Chlorinated hydrocarbons have been used as A) fuels. B) insecticides. C) propellants. D) refrigerants.
B) insecticides.
The unique aspect of a saturated hydrocarbon is that it must contain A) only carbon and hydrogen. B) only single bonds. C) single and double bonds. D) single, double and triple bonds.
B) only single bonds.
Chlorinated hydrocarbons, such as carbon tetrachloride CCl4, make good dry cleaning solvents because A) they dissolve in water. B) they dissolve water insoluble stains, like grease and oil. C) they are not liquids at room temperature. D) they cause no significant health problems.
B) they dissolve water insoluble stains, like grease and oil.
Which one of the following statements is NOT true of all alkanes? A) All alkanes burn to produce carbon dioxide and water. B) All alkanes consist of carbon and hydrogen. C) All alkanes exist as two or more isomers. D) All alkanes fit the general molecular formula CnH2n+2.
C) All alkanes exist as two or more isomers.
The formula for cyclopropane is A) C3H8. B) C7H16. C) C3H6. D) C7H12.
C) C3H6.
The chemical formula of cyclopentane is A) C5H6. B) C5H8. C) C5H10. D) C5H12.
C) C5H10.
An example of a molecular formula of an alkyne is A) C6H14. B) C5H10. C) C5H8. D) C6H6.
C) C5H8.
The formula of benzene is A) C7H7. B) C4H4. C) C6H6. D) C6H12.
C) C6H6.
Which of the following compounds is a homolog of CH2=CH2? A) CH3CH3 B) CH3CH2CH3 C) CH3CH=CH2 D) CH3CCH
C) CH3CH=CH2
The first recorded synthesis of an organic compound in a scientific laboratory was by A) Isaac Newton in 1665. B) Benjamin Franklin in 1788. C) Friedrich Wöhler in 1828. D) Thomas Edison in 1888.
C) Friedrich Wöhler in 1828.
Which of the following statements about industrial grade ethanol and the ethanol used in alcoholic beverages is NOT correct? A) Industrial grade ethanol is made by reacting ethylene with water, while ethanol used in beverages is made by fermentation. B) Industrial grade ethanol carries no federal excise tax, while ethanol used in beverages is taxed. C) Industrial grade ethanol and ethanol used in beverages have different molecular structures. D) Noxious substances are added to industrial grade ethanol so it is not safe to drink.
C) Industrial grade ethanol and ethanol used in beverages have different molecular structures.
Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE, CH3OC(CH3)3) has been used as a gasoline additive. MTBE is an example of an ether with the general structure A) ROR. B) ROH. C) ROR'. D) R'OH.
C) ROR'.
A homologous series of alcohols contains A) the same number of carbon atoms, but a different number of hydroxyl groups. B) the same number of carbon atoms and the same number of hydroxyl groups. C) a different number of carbon atoms, but the same number of hydroxyl groups. D) only isomers.
C) a different number of carbon atoms, but the same number of hydroxyl groups.
) Petroleum jelly is A) a mixture of low carbon number hydrocarbons. B) a mixture of moderate carbon number hydrocarbons. C) a mixture of higher carbon number hydrocarbons. D) none of the above
C) a mixture of higher carbon number hydrocarbons.
Acetylene is an A) alkane. B) alkene. C) alkyne. D) aromatic compound.
C) alkyne.
Organic compounds that contain a benzene ring or possess certain properties similar to those of benzene are called ________ compounds. A) alkaloid B) acidic C) aromatic D) saturated
C) aromatic
Which of the following is an alkane? A) butene B) propyne C) butane D) toluene
C) butane
The compound with the formula, CHCl3, was used as an anesthetic in earlier times, but has been found to have some serious side effects. The compound is called A) methyl chloride. B) methylene chloride. C) chloroform. D) carbon tetrachloride.
C) chloroform.
The most important commercial organic compound is A) methane, CH4. B) ethane, CH3CH3. C) ethylene, CH2CH2. D) propane, CH3CH2CH3.
C) ethylene, CH2CH2.
Compounds with the same number and kinds of atoms but with different structures are known as A) homologs. B) isotopes. C) isomers. D) allotropes.
C) isomers.
The simplest alkane is A) monane. B) ethane. C) methane. D) propane.
C) methane.
All of the following contain more than one hydroxyl group EXCEPT A) ethylene glycol. B) glycerol. C) methanol. D) propylene glycol.
C) methanol.
What is the name of the compound with a formula CH3CH2CH3? A) methane B) ethane C) propane D) butane
C) propane
Glycerol is an alcohol with ________ hydroxyl groups A) one B) two C) three D) four
C) three
The first organic compound to be synthesized in a chemist's laboratory was A) cholesterol. B) chlorophyll. C) urea. D) benzene.
C) urea.
How many different structural isomers are there for a hydrocarbon with the formula C6H14? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) > 4
D) > 4
