Chapter 9

Which of the following are examples of primary activities? A. Manufacturing and construction B. Power production and processing C. Gathering and extractive D. Wholesale and retail

C. gathering extractive

Three categories of economic activities included in the quaternary sector of the economy include A. agriculture, gathering industries, and extractive industries. B. retail trade, wholesale trade, and services. C. information, research, and management. D. manufacturing, construction, and power production.

C. information, research, and management

The Ganges in India and Chang Jiang (Yangtze) in China are river valleys with concentrations of A. swidden agriculture. B. pastoral nomadism. C. intensive subsistence agriculture. D. extensive commercial agriculture.

C. intensive subsistence agriculture

Which one of the following characteristics is most unique to intensive subsistence agriculture? A. production geared to international markets B. use of the plow C. large input of labor on small plots of land D. high capital intensity

C. large input of labor on small plots of land

Sustainable agriculture adherents emphasize an increase in A. Farm diversification B. Food supply C. The use of pesticides and herbicides D. The use of fertilizers

D. the use of fertilizers

. Stages of economic development, although not always recognizable in a given country, include A. Age of mass production and consumption B. Period of debt relief C. Movement to subsistence agriculture D. Government-directed development projects

A. age of mass production and consumption

According to the von Thünen model, the most important determinant of the pattern of agricultural production is the A. distance between the market and the production site. B. soil fertility of the production zone. C. demand at the market. D. development of intervening opportunities.

A. distance between the market and the production site

Which of the following are examples of tertiary activities? A. Finance and insurance B. Fishing and mining C. Manufacturing and processing D. Agriculture and business services

A. finance and insurance

Most of the commercial marine fishing is concentrated A. in the northern waters where warm and cool currents join and mix. B. in the tropical water where their concentration is the greatest. C. in the offshore areas of North and South America. D. along the east coast of Africa and in the Southern Ocean.

A. in the northern waters where warm and cool currents join and mix

All of the following statements about intensive subsistence agriculture are true EXCEPT that it A. involves total concentration upon a single, intensively produced crop. B. requires large inputs of labor, small plots, and high reliance on fertilizers. C. involves product diversification with grain, vegetables, and animals—all part of the farm economy. D. has spread to marginal lands as population pressure has increased.

A. involves total concentration upon a single, intensively produced crop

All of the following statements about nomadic herding are true EXCEPT that it A. is increasing in importance as the population dependent on it increases. B. involves the controlled movement of livestock. C. depends upon the availability of natural forage. D. is the most extensive of agricultural land use systems.

A. is increasing in importance as the population dependent on it increases

A principal land use over large areas of Asia and Africa where the climate is too dry to produce crops is A. nomadic herding. B. shifting cultivation. C. ranching. D. hunting and gathering

A. nomadic herding

The Ganges in India and Chang Jiang (Yangtze) in China are river valleys important for the production of A. rice. B. manioc. C. corn. D. wheat.

A. rice

Which of the following statements about shifting or swidden cultivation is true? A. to maintain soil fertility, farmers rotate fields B. to maintain soil fertility, farmers rotate crops C. to adapt to rising populations, farmers increase their application of fertilizers D. it is widely practiced in areas of Asia and Africa that are too dry for other means of agriculture

A. to maintain soil fertility, farmers rotate fields

The Green Revolution A. refers to rebellions of Third World peasant farmers. B. increases output through use of high-yielding crop varieties and altered management practices. C. has initiated a reverse flow of population from urban slums to newly productive farmlands. D. has made traditional shifting cultivation practices more productive.

B. increases output through use of high-yielding crop varieties and altered management practices.

The informal economy includes ________ activities A. Large-scale borrowing B. GNI C. Takeoff D. Unlicensed

B. GNI

All of the following statements about agriculture in market economic systems are true EXCEPT A. that it is characterized by specialization, profit, and interdependence. B. in response to low crop prices and overproduction, it is being replaced by intensive subsistence farming. C. the crop or livestock mix selected by commercial farmers reflects assessment of production and marketing costs and market demands and prices. D. it involves intensive land use near markets and extensive land use at more distant locations.

B. in response to low crop prices and overproduction, it is being replaced by intensive subsistence farming

Which one of the following types of farming is classified as extensive commercial? A. market gardening B. livestock ranching C. dairying D. pastoral nomadism

B. livestock ranching

The category of agriculture that involves "burned clearings" and rotation of fields, instead of crops, is called A. intensive subsistence. B. swidden. C. nomadism. D. communal farming.

B. swidden

The highest proportion of the United States' labor force is in A. Primary activities B. Secondary activities C. Tertiary activities D. None of the above

C. Tertiary activities

The defining characteristic of subsistence agriculture is A. production for international markets. B. production for domestic markets. C. production for immediate household needs. D. crop production for livestock feeding.

C. production for immediate household objects

__________ is the breeding of fish in freshwater ponds, lakes, and canals or in fenced-off coastal bays and estuaries or enclosures. A. Xericulture B. Swidden agriculture C. Tropiculture D. Aquaculture

D. aquaculture

Market equilibrium is marked by the intersection of A. The physical and cultural environment B. Primary and service activities C. Subsistence and commercial activities D. Supply and demand curves

D. supply and demand curves

Which of the following types of farming will locate closest to the market, according to the von Thünen model? A. cash grain and livestock B. extensive grain farming C. mixed farming D. dairy farming

D. dairy farming

The negative effects of large-scale commercial agriculture include A. The creation of farmers markets B. Depopulation of rural areas C. Sustainable agriculture D. Urban organic gardening

D. depopulation of rural areas

Intensive subsistence agriculture is characterized by A. equal emphasis upon crops and animals. B. farms that specialize in producing a single crop. C. high first-year yields, followed by production declines and land abandonment. D. high yields per unit of cultivated land.

D. high yields per unit of cultivated land

The production of metallic minerals in market economies is strongly influenced by the A. quantity of ore available, restrictive practices of mining cartels, and desire to limit markets for Communist-bloc producers. B. richness of ore, quantity available, and monopoly control of market. C. richness of ore, ownership of deposits, and tariff barriers. D. quantity of ore available, richness of the ore, and distance to market.

D. quantity of ore available, richness of the ore, and distance to market

The term Green Revolution refers to A. the greening of America. B. reforestation programs in former tropical rain forests. C. environmental programs sponsored by the United Nations. D. seed and management techniques that lead to greater farmland productivity

D. seed and management techniques that lead to greater farmland productivity

Which of the following is NOT a primary activity? A. agriculture B. forestry C. mining D. shipping

D. shipping

Which statement about world grain production is TRUE? A. It has been a subject of easy agreement in global trade talks. B. It has become an insignificant commodity in international trade. C. Since the 1970s, production has not kept pace with population growth. D. Since the 1970s, production has outpaced population growth.

D. since the 1970s, production has outpaced population growth

The production of low-value minerals is closely controlled by A. beneficiation. B. the quantity available. C. labor costs. D. transportation cost from deposit to market.

D. transportation cost from deposit to market.

Because agricultural soil depletion and drought have rendered farming uncertain, nomadic herding has become an increasingly important type of livelihood system. T/F

False

Fishing, farming, and mining are gathering industries. T/F

False

Livestock ranching, traditionally characteristic of tropical developing countries, is slowly becoming part of mid-latitude farm economies. T/F

False

Nomadic herding is an example of intensive subsistence agriculture. T/F

False

The maximum sustainable yield of a resource is the yield that cannot be exceeded. T/F

False

The von Thunen model of agricultural land use is based on the high-yielding seed varieties and the use of heavy fertilizers. T/F

False

The von Thünen model is based on the observation that the value of agricultural land is determined based on soil fertility and climate. T/F

False

A subsistence economic system implies nearly total self-sufficiency of its members. T/F

True

Many developing countries depend on primary commodities for the majority of their export earnings. T/F

True

Mining and quarrying are extractive industries. T/F

True

Types of shifting cultivation include swidden, slash-and-burn, milpa, and ladang. T/F

True