chapter 9
d
Restriction enzymes are bacterial enzymes that splice DNA. animal enzymes that splice RNA. viral enzymes that destroy host DNA. bacterial enzymes that destroy phage DNA.
a
Which of the following is NOT an agricultural product made by DNA techniques? pectinase nitrogenase (nitrogen fixation) glyphosate-resistant crops frost retardant Bacillus thuringiensis insecticide
e
A population of cells carrying a desired plasmid is called a library. PCR. vector. Southern blot. clone.
e
A restriction fragment is a segment of mRNA. cDNA. a segment of tRNA. a gene. a segment of DNA.
a
A shuttle vector is a plasmid that is used to move pieces of DNA among organisms, such as bacterial, fungal, and plant cells. True False
d
A source of heat-stable DNA polymerase is Bacillus thuringiensis. Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Pseudomonas. Thermus aquaticus. Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
a
Bioinformatics is the use of computer technology to compare and analyze genome sequence. True False
e
Biotechnology involves the use of microorganisms to make desired products. use of animal cells to make vaccines. development of disease-resistant crop plants. use of microorganisms to make desired products and the use of animal cells to make vaccines. use of microorganisms to make desired products, the use of animal cells to make vaccines, and the development of disease-resistanct crop plants.
d
Gene silencing blocks an undesirable product by blocking transcription. allosteric inhibition of an enzyme. blocking DNA replication. making double-stranded RNA. end-product repression.
b
How do restriction enzymes cut DNA sequences? They have the ability to cut DNA randomly. They cut DNA at sites, called recognition sites, that have specific nucleotide sequences. They cut DNA at sequences that have lots of adenine bases.
c
If you have inserted a gene in the Ti plasmid, the next step in genetic engineering is splicing T DNA into a plasmid. inserting the Ti plasmid into a plant cell. inserting the Ti plasmid into Agrobacterium. transformation of an animal cell. transformation of E. coli with Ti plasmid.
c
In general, how might recombinant DNA technology be used to prevent a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in a single gene? To insert a desirable gene To remove an undesirable gene To insert a desirable gene, remove an undesirable gene, or replace a defective gene with a functioning gene To replace a defective gene with a working gene
a
In recombinant DNA technology, a vector is a self-replicating segment of DNA, such as a plasmid or viral genome. True False
a
In the figure, the enzyme in step 1 is RNA polymerase. spliceosome. DNA polymerase. reverse transcriptase. DNA ligase.
c
In the figure, the enzyme in step 2 is DNA polymerase. DNA ligase. reverse transcriptase. RNA polymerase. spliceosome.
b
Nearly all cells, including E. coli and yeast, naturally take up DNA from their surroundings without chemical treatment. True False
a
One of the first commercial successes of recombinant DNA technology was the production of human insulin using genetically engineered E. coli. True False
b
PCR stands for polymerase copy reaction. polymerase chain reaction. polymerization copying rapidly.
4
Place the following steps in the PCR procedure in the correct order: 1) Incubate at 94°C to denature DNA strands; 2) Incubate at 72°C for DNA synthesis; 3) Incubate at 60°C for primer hybridization. 2 1 3 1 2 3 3 1 2 1 3 2 3 2 1
c
Self-replicating DNA used to transmit a gene from one organism to another is a Southern blot. clone. vector. PCR. library.
a
The Bt toxin derived from Bacillus thuringiensis has been introduced into some crop plants to make them resistant to insect destruction. True False
d
The Human Genome Project, which was completed in 2003, was focused on determining all of the proteins encoded by the human genome. identifying all of the genes in the human genome. cloning all of the genes of the human genome. determining the nucleotide sequence of the entire human genome. finding a cure for all human genetic disorders.
b
The practice of breeding plants and animals for desirable traits, such as high crop yield, is called natural selection. True False
b
The reaction catalyzed by reverse transcriptase is DNA → DNA. mRNA → cDNA. DNA → mRNA. tRNA → mRNA. mRNA → protein.
d
The restriction enzyme EcoRI recognizes the sequence GAATTC. Which of the following is true of DNA after it is treated with EcoRI? All of the DNA will have blunt ends. Some of the DNA will have single-stranded regions ending in AA and others will end in G. All of the DNA will be circular. All of the DNA fragments will have single-stranded regions ending in AA. All of the DNA fragments will have single-stranded regions ending in G.
c
The study of genetic material taken directly from the environment is forensic microbiology. proteomics. metagenomics. bioinformatics. reverse genetics.
b
The term biotechnology refers exclusively to the use of genetically engineered organisms for the production of desired products. True False
b
The use of an antibiotic-resistance gene on a plasmid used in genetic engineering makes the recombinant cell dangerous. direct selection possible. replica plating possible. the recombinant cell unable to survive. All of the answers are correct.
d
The use of suicide genes in genetically modified organisms is designed to kill the modified organisms before they are released in the environment. provide a means to eliminate non-modified organisms. delete genes necessary for modified organisms growth. prevent the growth of the modified organisms in the environment. provide for resistance of the modified organisms to pesticides.
b
What is the end goal of PCR? To increase the pool of different DNA sequences To quickly increase the number of copies of a specific DNA sequence To allow cells to make DNA faster, thereby growing faster
c
Which enzyme would cut this strand of DNA: GCATGGATCCCAATGC Enzyme Recognition HindIII AAGCTT TTCGAA Enzyme Recognition EcoRI GAATTC CTTAAG Enzyme Recognition BamHI GGATCC CCCTAGG Enzyme Recognition PstI CTGCG GACGTC Enzyme Recognition HaeIII GGCC CCGG
c
Which of the following attaches the target gene to a desired location? Restriction enzymes Plasmids DNA ligase Chromosomal DNA
a
Which of the following is an application that uses PCR? Sequencing a gene, diagnosing a disease, and providing enough DNA for cloning into another organism Sequencing a gene Providing enough DNA for cloning into another organism Diagnosing a disease
a
Which of the following pairings of recombinant DNA techniques and applications does NOT match? gene silencing: production of subunit vaccines genetic modification of yeast: production of purified insulin gene therapy: replacing a defective gene PCR: making many copies of a segment of DNA
c
Which of the following processes is NOT involved in making cDNA? reverse transcription RNA processing to remove introns translation transcription
b
Which of the following statements about recombinant DNA technology is FALSE? It allows researchers to make many copies of a gene of interest. It has limited application because genes of interest cannot be moved from one type of cell to another. It can be used to screen individuals for many different types of genetic diseases. It allows researchers to make protein products of a gene.
c
Which of the following techniques is NOT used to introduce recombinant DNA into plants? protoplast fusion Ti plasmids and Agrobacterium microinjection gene guns electroporation
e
Which of these are used to silence specific genes and hold promise for treating cancer or viral diseases, such as Hepatitis B? complementary DNA (cDNA) DNA fingerprinting reverse transcriptase PCR (rtPCR) tumor-inducing plasmids (Ti plasmids) RNA interference (RNAi)
d
Which statement best describes restriction enzymes? They are necessary for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to occur. They can cut only circular plasmid DNA. They randomly cut DNA molecules to generate numerous fragments. They are important for cloning applications because they can be used to cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences.
d
Why is baker's yeast useful for expressing genetically engineered genes? Many inducible promoters from the yeast genome have been cloned, such as the lac operon. The yeast cells are best suited for making human products for medical use. The yeast cells do not secrete their protein products. Yeast cells are eukaryotic and so would likely be successful in expressing eukaryotic genes.
b
Why would a recombinant DNA molecule be inserted into a host cell? It can protect the recombinant DNA. It can be copied, transcribed, and translated into a desired protein. Restriction enzymes can only be used inside of a cell. Plasmids cannot be isolated outside of a host cell.
b
You want to determine whether a person has a certain mutant gene. The process involves using a primer and a heat-stable DNA polymerase. This process is translation. PCR. transformation. restriction mapping. site-directed mutagenesis.