Chapter 9: Nail Structure and Growth.
Nails are more porous than ________.
skin
lunula
visible part of matrix that extends from the underneath the living skin; it is the whitish, half-moon shape at the base of the nail
what is the proper way to file a nail
corner to center
proximal nail fold
fold of normal skin that surrounds the base of the natural nail plate
nail plate
hardened keratin plate that sits on and covers the natural nail bed; most visible and functional part of the natural nail unit
nail growth is slowest on
thumb
average rate of nail growth
1/10 inch per month
The nail has up to _____ layers
100
Water content of nails
15-25%
It take the fingernails ______ months to grow from matrix to free edge
4-6
It take the toenails ______ months to grow from matrix to free edge
9-12
the angle the nail file must be on the nail
90 degrees perpendicular from the nail
Onyx
Technical term for nail
matrix
area where the nail plate cells are formed; this area is composed of matrix cells that produce the nail plate
The nail bed contains
blood vessels and nerve endings
nail cuticle
dead, white tissue attached to the natural nail plate
If the sidewalls and nail groove are injured, the nail may grow back:
deformed
Nails grow ____ on children
fast
Nails are part of the __________ system
integumentary
eponychium
living skin at the base of the natural nail plate that covers the matrix area
The matrix is embedded in the:
mantle
The nail root
matrix
Toenails are thicker and harder than fingernails because the ___ of the toenail is longer than that of the fingernail.
matrix
nails grow from the ______.
matrix
nail growth is fastest on
middle finger
free edge
part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe
The function of the cuticle is to
prevent bacteria from entering the body
The function of the hyponychium is to
prevent bacteria from entering the body
hyponychium
slightly thickened layer of skin that lies between the fingertip and free edge of the natural nail plate
nail grooves
slits or furrows on the sides of the sidewall
Nails grow ____ on elderly
slow
Nails grow ______ in the winter than they do the summer
slower
toenails grow more ____________ than fingernails
slowly
If the matrix is destroyed, then the growth of the nail:
stops
sidewall or lateral nail fold
the fold in the skin overlapping the side of the nail
nail bed
the portion of living skin that supports the nail plate as it grows towards the free edge
nail shape depends on
the shape of the matrix
bed epithelium
thin layer of tissue that attaches the nail plate and the nail bed
ligament
tough band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or holds an organ in place
When filing the nail properly
you must pull back the sidewalls