chapter 9 PTA 222

muscle strength

a broad term that refers to the extent that the contractile elements of muscle produce force

pg. 304-317

aerobic techniques

Special Equipment for Aquatic Exercise

collars, rings, belts, and vests; swim bars, gloves, hand paddles, and hydro-tone bells; fins and hydro-tone boots; kickboards

Hydromechanics

comprise the physical properties and characteristics of fluid in motion

precaution of aquatic exercise

fear of water, neurological disorders, respiratory disorders, cardiac dysfunction, and small open wounds and lines

endurance

is a broad term that refers to the ability to perform repetitive or sustained activities over a prolonged period of time

resistance exercise

is an activity in which dynamic or static muscle contraction is resisted by an outside force applied manually or mechanically

viscosity

is friction occurring between molecules of liquid resulting in resistance to flow

muscle power

is related to the strength and speed of movement and is defined as the work produced by a muscle per unit of time.

muscle endurance

is the ability of a muscle to contract repeatedly against an external load, generate and sustain tension, resist fatigue over an extended period of time.

hydrostatic pressure

is the pressure exerted by water on immersed objects

endurance training

is the systematic practice of using muscle force to raise, lower, or control a light external load for many repetitions over an extended period of time

strength training

is the systematic practice of using muscle force to raise, lower, or control heavy external for a relatively low number of repetitions or over a short period of time

buoyancy

is the upward force that works opposite to gravity

aquatic exercise

refers to the use of water that facilitates the application of established therapeutic interventions, including stretching, strengthening, joint mobilization, balance and gait training, and endurance training

contraindication of aquatic exercise

severe kidney disease, danger of bleeding or hemorrhage, incipient cardiac failure and unstable angina

specific heat

the amount of heat (calories) required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of substance by 1 degree C

muscle performance

the capacity of a muscle to do work (force x distance)

surface tension

the surface of a fluid acts as a membrane under tension. It is measured as force per unit length

temperature transfer

water conducts temperature 25 times faster than air. a patient moving through the water loses body temperature faster than an immersed patient at rest

thermodynamics

water temperature has an effect on the body and therefore on performance in an aquatic environment