CHAPTER 9 Reptiles, Birds, Mammals

Anadromous

(of a fish, such as the salmon) migrating up rivers from the sea to spawn

How many species of marine amphibians are there today?

0

Threatened

A species that could become endangered in the near future

endangered

A species whose numbers are so small that the species is at risk of extinction

How do sea turtles reproduce?

Adults migrate to natal beaches, mate at sea near beaches and lay several clutches of eggs on beaches at night

Which of the following is a marine reptile? Green sea turtle Sea snake Marine iguana Saltwater crocodile

All of the above are marine reptiles

What is thought to cause mass strandings?

Dolphins don't leave behind their sick or injured so it is thought that they follow the sick when they try to wash themselves up on shore

Cetaceans often use what sense (similar to sonar) to locate food and navigate through their surroundings?

Echolocation

fluke

Fin like tails that whales, dolphins, and porpoises have

Baleen (suborder Mysticeti)

Have a baleen for filter feeding, two blowholes and are a smaller size, eat small fishes, 13 species

Basic features of Mammals

Homeotherms, endotherms, hair, layer of blubber for insulation; large brain compared to body size; complex behaviors

What is unique about the relationship between temperature and egg incubation period? What about temperature and sex of the hatchlings?

If the incubation period is warm then the eggs will hatch faster; Colder equals longer to hatch

Understand how temperature-dependent sex determination affects sea turtle hatchlings and how climate change may impact the male/female ratio.

If the temperature is normal than usual, more girls will be born than males

Which species of sea turtle is poikilothermic and why is this important?

Leatherbacks are and this is important because it helps them venture into cold water and the tropics

Compare the diets of the sea turtles? Which species feeds on jellyfish and how does pollution impact this species?

Leatherbacks eat jellyfishes; Green sea turtles are vegetarian; Others eat sponges, crabs, and mollusks. Pollution affects the sea turtles because leatherbacks eat plastic bags because they look like jelly fishes.

Basic features of Seabirds

Need to rest on land but feed in the water; Homeotherms and endotherms; rituals for mating and protecting young, nest in large colonies mate for life

Basic features of Reptiles

No marine anphebians; lungs, cold blooded, body covered with scales, may lay eggs on land

What are the major differences between sea lions/fur seals and seals?

Sea lions have ears and are flexible on land; back flippers

The largest animal on Earth, the blue whale, is a baleen whale. What type of food would a blue whale most likely consume?

Small fish and krill

Echolocataion

Sound waves emitted as a series of clicks and varying frequencies

Understand how baleen whales effectively filter feed.

Take in huge mouthful of water containting krill or small fish and baleen traps the prey while water is forced back out the mouth

Explain what delayed implantation of embryo is and why it is important to timing of reproduction in pinnipeds.

The birth of the calf is times with the return of females to land

Blowhole

The single breathing opening on the dorsal surface of the head of a cetacean

With the exception of the leatherback sea turtle, which best describes marine reptiles with respect to body temperature?

They are poikilotherms and ectotherms

Why do marine iguanas bask in the sun?

They lose body heat once they enter the water

Seabirds have many adaptations that help them survive. Which of the following is NOT an adaptation to life at sea?

They possess a swim bladder similar to fish to help with flight

How do mammals reproduce and how is this different from other organisms?

They produce live babies

What are some examples of complex group (pod) behavior in cetaceans?

They stay together when one gets sick

Why do cetaceans vocalize?

To protect their territory or babies

The largest group of marine mammals belong to the order Cetacea (called the cetaceans). Which group of animals is this?

Whales, dolphins, and porpoises

Placenta

a flattened circular organ in the uterus of pregnant eutherian mammals, nourishing and maintaining the fetus through the umbilical cord.

Mammals are classified by having which of the following characteristics? They are endothermic. Newborns are fed by milk secreted from mammary glands. They have hair. All of the above Only A and C

all of the above

Marine mammals often have blubber. Which purposes does the blubber provide to the animal? It serves as insulation against cold. It provides buoyancy. It serves as a food source.

all of the above

The sea otter is which of the following? It is the smallest truly marine mammal It lacks a layer of blubber. It uses air trapped inside it's dense fur to retain heat.

all of the above

How do sea otters keep warm/insulated compared to other marine mammals?

blubber

Name a few ways that seabirds keep warm and waterproof?

feathers are coated with an oil from a glandular secretion

Sirenians

manatees and dugongs

Which species of the order Carnivora is particularly threatened by decreasing levels of sea ice?

polar bears

Apneustic breathing

rapid breathing prior to dive

Carnivores (Order Carnivora)

sea otter, marine otter, and polar bear

Pinnipeds

seals, sea lions, walruses

Bradycardia

slow heart rate

Carapace

the hard upper shell of a turtle, crustacean, or arachnid.

Odontoceti

toothed whales

Cetacea

whales, dolphins, porpoises