Chapter 9

In the context of motor development of children, which of the following statements is true of activities like rolling over, sitting up, crawling, creeping, walking, and running?

Most infants engage in these activities in the same sequence.

A two-year-old child has a pet dog named Sophie. The child visits her neighbor and sees the neighbor's pet dog. Even though the neighbor's dog is larger and of a different color, the child points to it and calls it a dog. Which of Piaget's cognitive processes is the child demonstrating?

Assimilation

Ophelia is 51 years old. She has begun to experience hot flashes and finds it difficult to sleep at night. More often than not, she finds herself feeling pessimistic and unmotivated. She also has a certain amount of anxiety. Ophelia is most likely experiencing the _______ of middle adulthood.

Climacteric phase

Someone who does not run on the wrong side of the road because it's the law is exhibiting which stage of moral reasoning?

Conventional

Tom, a high school senior, is very clear that he wants to study medicine. He spends his summer volunteering at hospitals and studies very hard for all his tests. He subscribes to medical journals so that he does not miss out on developments in the medical field. Tom is determined to study at Harvard Medical School. According to Erickson's theory of psychosocial development, Tom is demonstrating ________.

Ego identity

A researcher places a baby in a room with many different objects. Then, he records the amount of time the baby spends looking at any one stimulus or object. This shows the baby's visual preference. In this scenario, the researcher is most likely measuring the baby's _________.

Fixation time

The ______ is the final stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development.

Formal operational stage

Which of the following is not a characteristic of middle adulthood?

Sense of smell declines

In boys, pituitary hormones stimulate the testes to increase the output of __________, which in turn causes enlargement of the penis and testes and appearance of body hair.

Testosterone

Which of Jeffery Arnett's five features of emerging adulthood is characterized by people having an optimistic belief that the world lies open before them?

The age of possibilities

The embryo is connected to the placenta by the ________.

Umbilical cord

According to ethologist Konrad Lorenz, _________ only occurs during a critical period of development.

Attachment

According to Ainsworth, infants who show ____________ are least distressed by their mother's departure, play by themselves without fuss, and ignore their mothers when they return

Avoidant attachment

Baby Sam's dad could not stop laughing because every time he touched the soles of his feet his toes would fan out. In this scenario, the baby exhibited the ____________.

Babinski reflex

Which of the following is a similarity between adolescence and emerging adulthood?

Both are ages of feeling in-between.

Mark and Mindy have two daughters. Their older daughter moved to a different city to pursue her graduate studies a few years ago. Recently, their younger daughter also moved to a different country for her undergraduate studies. Now, Mindy is bereft and is unable to figure out what to do with her free time. This scenario best illustrates the ________.

Empty-nest syndrome

Which of the following is the correct order of prenatal development?

Germinal state, embryonic stage, fetal stage.

Which of the following is true of crystallized intelligence?

It is shown more generally by vocabulary

Anaya is a teenager who has just started wearing braces. She hates going to school now because she thinks that everyone is looking at her and laughing. She believes that she must look her best at all times. Which of the following concepts of Piaget's adolescent egocentrism is depicted in this scenario?

The concept of the imaginary audience.

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which of the following is true of children in the concrete operational stage?

They center on the motives of wrongdoers as well as on the amount of damage done when assigning blame.