Chapter quizzes

ch 3. 8. What is the earliest hominin species to be found outside of Africa? 1. Homo erectus 2. Homo ergaster 3. Homo habilis 4. Sahelanthropus tchadensis 5. Eoanthropus dawsonii

1. Homo erectus

ch 5. 10. The Middle Stone Age refers to the archaeological period of the earliest modern humans in Africa. 1. True 2. False

1. True

ch 8. 9. One source of evidence of the diet of past cultures is the study of fecal remains, also known as _____________. 1. coprolites 2. fulgerites 3. isotope analysis 4. zooarchaeology 5. crotovina

1. coprolites

ch 9. 5. The earliest domesticated crop in Africa was 1. millet. 2. quinoa. 3. rice. 4. taro. 5. yams.

1. millet.

ch 3. 5. What tool, associated with Homo erectus, is perhaps the most successful tool humans ever invented? 1. Oldowan pebble chopper 2. Acheulian handaxe 3. Mousterian spear point 4. Clovis fluted point 5. Archaic fully-grooved axe

2. Acheulian handaxe

ch 3. 17. Only humans have the ability to use tools. 1. True 2. False

2. False

ch 3. 18. Australopithecine footprints at Laetoli indicate that this species walked quadrapedally. 1. True 2. False

2. False

ch 4. 11. The global climate record, as revealed by the oxygen isotope curve has been remarkably stable for the past 100,000 years. 1. True 2. False

2. False

ch 5. 11. There are no modern human fossils found in southern Africa. 1. True 2. False

2. False

ch 6. 18. Excavations at the ________ site revealed evidence of a mass bison kill. 1. Blackwater Draw 2. Olsen-Chubbock 3. Folsom 4. Clovis 5. Nenana

2. Olsen-Chubbock

ch 3. 12. ________ is the evolutionary history of a species. 1. Cladistics 2. Phylogeny 3. Ontogeny 4. Taxonomy 5. Paleoanthropology

2. Phylogeny

ch 3. 6. Volcanic ash can be dated using what radiometric method? 1. paleomagnetism 2. radiocarbon 3. argon dating 4. luminescence 5. A and B

3. argon dating

ch 8. 3. This wild grass found in the Mexican highlands is the ancestor of maize. 1. Curcubita pepo 2. marsh elder 3. teosinte 4. rye 5. chenopodium

3. teosinte

ch 4. 5. The recognition that the shape of stone tools evolves as they are resharpened throughout their use-life is referred to as 1. adaptive reuse. 2. the lithic tool cycle. 3. the Frison effect. 4. the Darwin effect.

3. the Frison effect.

ch 7. 14. Pottery manufacture developed across the Middle East during what period? 1. the Natufian 2. the Upper Paleolithic 3. the Late Neolithic 4. the Younger Dryas 5. the Early Neolithic

3. the Late Neolithic

ch 1. 2. An archaeological survey maps the distribution of_______. 1. the oldest stones in the region. 2. only sites over 100 years old. 3. the physical remains of human activity. 4. only those sites deemed to be "significant". 5. the opinions of archaeologists in a region.

3. the physical remains of human activity.

ch 10. 17. Which of the following phrases describes Mound 72 at Cahokia? 1. was constructed in the shape of an eagle 2. has yet to be excavated 3. yielded a burial that was vivid evidence of social inequality 4. was a the largest earthwork north of Mexico 5. was the site of a ceremonial temple

3. yielded a burial that was vivid evidence of social inequality

ch 8. 4. Which is NOT an early domesticated plant in Mesoamerica? 1. beans 2. squash 3. maize 4. cabbage 5. A and B

4. cabbage

ch 7. 11. Although the Natufians did not appear to domesticate herd animals, there is evidence that they did domesticate which of these animals? 1. cats 2. camels 3. gazelles 4. dogs 5. chickens

4. dogs

ch 1. 11. The sequence of depositional units at a site is referred to as the site's 1. archaeology 2. geology 3. occupation. 4. stratigraphy 5. stratology

4. stratigraphy

ch 9. 4. The spectacular preservation at this preagricultural site in the Sahara produced many organic items including a layer of preserved animal dung. 1. Nabta Playa 2. Kuk Swamp 3. Wanlek 4. Uan Muhuggiag 5. Uan Afuda

5. Uan Afuda

ch 6. 3. Folsom points can be recognized by what distinctive feature? 1. a bifacial edge 2. a pointed tip 3. a shiny, black surface 4. a basal notching 5. a center flute

5. a center flute

ch 2. 4. The importance of the actions of the individual living in past society is stressed in 1. Lewis Binford's writings. 2. a scientific approach. 3. a gendered approach. 4. processual archaeology. 5. agency theory.

5. agency theory.

ch 10. 6. Stonehenge was built 1. in three major phases. 2. of stones from as far away as Wales. 3. over a period of more than 1000 years. 4. on the Salisbury Plain, England. 5. all of the above

5. all of the above

ch 5. 2. Which of these have been suggested as an interpretation of the purpose of cave art? 1. hunting magic 2. shamanic trances 3. fertility magic 4. mythogram 5. all of the above

5. all of the above

ch 1. 8. What is the study of the processes that affect organic remains after death? 1. paleoecology 2. predepositional processes 3. zooarchaeology 4. necromodification 5. taphonomy

5. taphonomy

ch 1. 4. The goal of horizontal excavation is to expose large areas of a site to reconstruct a single point in time. 1. true 2. false

true

ch.1 1. The most important archaeological sites are found within a foot of the ground surface. 1. true 2. false

false

ch 2. 3. Beginning toward the end of the 19th century, this approach was characterized by the emergence of modern methods of excavation and analysis and formal schemes of classification. 1. Culture History - Cultural Historical approach 2. Processual 3. Evolution 4. Marxism 5. Post-processual

1. Culture History - Cultural Historical approach

ch 7. 12. The most spectacular example of Pre-Pottery Neolithic A construction is the 9-meter-high structure at what site? 1. Jericho 2. Mallaha 3. Abu Hureya 4. Jerf el Ahmar 5. Ain Ghazal

1. Jericho

ch 8. 7. Which of the following sites used canals to irrigate their fields? 1. Las Capas 2. Cerro Juanaqueña, 3. Rio Casas 4. Milagro 5. Poverty Point

1. Las Capas

ch 9. 9. ________ is a preagricultural village on the coast of Peru, provides a vivid demonstration of the importance of marine resources to early village communities. 1. Paloma 2. Guitarrero Cave 3. Humboldt 4. Cusco 5. Quechua

1. Paloma

ch 3. 11. This genus represents a robust early hominin with massive molars and chewing muscles dating between 2.5-1.4 million years ago. 1. Paranthropus 2. Eoanthropus 3. Australopithecus 4. Ardipithecus 5. Sahelanthropus

1. Paranthropus

ch 1. 16. Radiocarbon dating can ONLY be used on organic materials, such as charcoal and bone. 1. True 2. False

1. True

ch 6. 8. The land bridge that connected Asia and North America during periods of low sea level is called _________. 1. the ALCAN highway 2. Beringia 3. the ice-free corridor 4. Wallacea 5. the Aleutian Islands

2. Beringia

ch 5. 4. The ________ is marked by a dramatic change in the material culture, including cave and mobiliary art. 1. Oldowan 2. Upper Paleolithic 3. Middle Paleolithic 4. Middle Stone Age 5. Lower Paleolithic

2. Upper Paleolithic

ch 10. 7. Colin Renfrew has argued that the people who built Stonehenge were organized in _________. 1. states 2. chiefdoms 3. tribes 4. bands 5. none of the above

2. chiefdoms

ch 7. 16. The Late Neolithic site of ________ in Central Turkey includes rooms decorated with frescoes and bulls horns. 1. Azeroth 2. Çatalhöyük 3. Hadar 4. Monte Verde 5. Tol Barad

2. Çatalhöyük

ch 1. 7. ________ are natural objects that provide information about the environmental context of past human activity. 1. Artifacts 2. Sites 3. Fossils 4. Ecofacts 5. Features

4. Ecofacts

ch 10. 11. What was the function of Pueblo Bonito? 1. an elite residence 2. a ceremonial center 3. a fortress 4. a long-distance trade depot 5. A and B

5. A and B

ch 7. 9. The Early Neolithic is divided into the following periods: 1. Pre-Pottery Neolithic A and Pre-Pottery Neolithic B 2. Jommon horizon 3. Acheulean 4. Solutrean 5. All of the above

1. Pre-Pottery Neolithic A and Pre-Pottery Neolithic B

ch 6. 17. The ________ argues that the origin of the Clovis culture lies in the European Upper Paleolithic 1. Solutrean hypothesis 2. Chatelperronian solution 3. Auregnacian hypothesis 4. Gravettian conundrum 5. presence of fluted points in France

1. Solutrean hypothesis

ch 2. 12. In Medieval Europe, prehistoric stone tools found in fields were thought to be "thunderstones" formed where lightening struck. 1. True 2. False

1. True

ch 2. 13. The Pecos Classification and Midwest Taxonomic system typified the Culture History period's concern with classification. 1. True 2. False

1. True

ch 3. 15. The earliest known member of genus Homo is habilis 1. True 2. False

1. True

ch 4. 10. The Pleistocene is characterized by the frequent buildup and retreat of continental ice sheets. 1. True 2. False

1. True

ch 5. 13. Unlike the Middle Paleolithic in Europe, artwork has been found at Middle Stone Age sites such as Blombos Cave. 1. True 2. False

1. True

ch 5. 14. The hallmark of the Upper Paleolithic is the dramatic appearance of a spectacular range of art objects. 1. True 2. False

1. True

ch 7. 10. Excavation profiles can be represented schematically by using the Harris Matrix. 1. True 2. False

1. True

ch 7. 5. The Fertile Crescent is a ribbon of Mediterranean climate that arcs across the Middle East. 1. True 2. False

1. True

ch 7. 8. The characteristic tools of the Natufian are tiny crescent-shaped stones called lunates. 1. True 2. False

1. True

ch 8. 1. AMS radiocarbon dating makes it possible to date very small samples. 1. True 2. False

1. True

ch 8. 2. Shell middens are sites built up of discarded shells. 1. True 2. False

1. True

ch 9. 12. Millet, not rice, was the main early domesticate in northern China around the Yellow River Valley. 1. True 2. False

1. True

ch 2. 1. For each of the schools of archaeological approach in the lefthand list below, match it with the correct famous archaeologist from the pull-down list to the right. 1. Cultural History 2. Post-Processual Archaeology 3. Cultural Ecology 4. Processual Archaeology

1. V. Gordon Chile 2. Ian Hodder 3. Julian Steward 4. Lewis Binford

ch 5. 8. ________ found with the Gravettian industry are portable art objects depicting the female body. 1. Venus figurines 2. Eve idols 3. Lady stones 4. Graven images 5. Feminofacts

1. Venus figurines

ch 10. 13. The intensive occupation of Chaco Canyon came to an end in A.D. 1130 as the result of what? 1. a devastating drought 2. catastrophic flooding 3. Chaco canyon was never abandoned 4. an attack from the south 5. a plague

1. a devastating drought

ch 10. 5. Archaeologists suggest that the large stone heads (Moai) of Easter Island were 1. built by competing chiefs during periods of prosperity. 2. portraits of past rulers. 3. boundary markers for different factions on the island. 4. offerings to the gods. 5. none of the above

1. built by competing chiefs during periods of prosperity.

ch 4. 7. The site of La Cotte de St. Brelade shows evidence of 1. hunting by stampeding mammoths over a cliff. 2. cannibalism. 3. interaction between modern humans and Neanderthals. 4. intentional human burial. 5. the controlled use of fire.

1. hunting by stampeding mammoths over a cliff.

ch 1. 3. Artifacts that are found in the place where they were originally deposited are said to be what? 1. in situ 2. commonplace 3. ex post facto 4. geologically stable 5. the result of a catastrophic event

1. in situ

ch 7. 17. The ________ links the expansion of farmers into Europe with the spread of the Indo-European language family 1. language dispersal hypothesis 2. agri-linguistic model 3. Neolithic Revolution 4. hyper-diffusionist hypothesis 5. there is no linkage between the two phenomena

1. language dispersal hypothesis

ch 4. 2. The record of global climate fluctuations can be found in the 1. oxygen isotope curve. 2. straight line regression curve. 3. tree rings of the bald cypress. 4. oxygen reduction line. 5. radiocarbon isotope curve.

1. oxygen isotope curve.

ch 10. 1. Which is NOT one of V. Gordon Childe's criteria defining urban centers? 1. pastoralism 2. foreign trade 3. surplus production 4. taxes 5. specialist craftsmen

1. pastoralism

ch 4. 8. Skeletal evidence from the site of Moula-Guercy suggests that Neanderthals 1. practiced cannibalism. 2. buried their dead. 3. hunted Homo erectus. 4. hunted Bison by running them over cliffs. 5. could speak.

1. practiced cannibalism.

ch 8. 11. The earliest domesticated plant in the Americas is ________ and dates between 10,000 and 8,300 years ago. 1. squash 2. maize 3. marsh elder 4. chenopodium 5. beans

1. squash

ch 7. 18. The earliest farmers in Central and Western Europe are known as __________. 1. the Linear Band Keramik (LBK) culture. 2. the Natufians. 3. the fire-stick farmers. 4. the Mesolithic culture. 5. Pre-Pottery Neolithic A culture.

1. the Linear Band Keramik (LBK) culture.

ch 6. 9. The earliest culture in Beringia, dated to 14,000 to 12,800, is called __________. 1. the Nenana culture 2. the Early Arrival culture 3. the Folsom culture 4. the Clovis culture 5. Gunbilngmurrung

1. the Nenana culture

ch 4. 4. The recovery of a hyoid bone from the Kebara site suggests that Neanderthals 1. were physically capable of speech. 2. walked upright. 3. preferred bone tools to stone. 4. were not fully evolved. 5. were closely related to chimpanzees.

1. were physically capable of speech.

ch 3. 3. This fossil genus was ultimately proven to be a fraud. 1. Australopithecus 2. Eoanthropus 3. Homo 4. Ardipithecus 5. Paranthropus

2. Eoanthropus

ch 3. 14. Paleoanthropologists study past human societies. 1. True 2. False

2. False

ch 3. 16. Acheulian tools are associated with the Australopithecines. 1. True 2. False

2. False

ch 3. 19. Genetic evidence shows that of the living apes, gorillas have the greatest similarity to humans. 1. True 2. False

2. False

ch 4. 12. The hyoid bone found at Kebara suggest that Neanderthals hunted the herds of hyoids found in the prehistoric Middle East. 1. True 2. False

2. False

ch 4. 13. Excavations have failed to produce conclusive evidence for intentional burial of Neanderthal dead. 1. True 2. False

2. False

ch 5. 12. The Neanderthals died out shortly after the appearance of modern humans in Europe. 1. True 2. False

2. False

ch 5. 9. The term "modern humans" refers to several subspecies of Homo sapiens, including Neanderthals. 1. True 2. False

2. False

ch 6. 11. Monte Verde is the earliest known site in Australia. 1. True 2. False

2. False

ch 6. 14. The ratio of Carbon-14 to nonradioactive carbon is a global constant. 1. True 2. False

2. False

ch 6. 16. The first hominins in Australia and the Americas were Homo erectus. 1. True 2. False

2. False

ch 6. 2. Excavation of the bison kill at the Olsen-Chubbock site provided conclusive proof that humans were responsible for the extinction of the Pleistocene megafauna. 1. True 2. False

2. False

ch 7. 15. On domesticated plants, the rachis is selected to be brittle so that it can be more easily harvested. 1. True 2. False

2. False

ch 7. 2. Domestication refers to changes in plants and animals that allow them to survive better in the wild. 1. True 2. False

2. False

ch 9. 1. Pastoral societies are sedentary societies with an economy based on horticulture. 1. True 2. False

2. False

ch 9. 2. The Kuk Swamp site in highland New Guinea has produced early evidence of llama herding. 1. True 2. False

2. False

ch 6. 10. ________ refers to the use of controlled burning to improve hunting conditions. 1. Fire-starting 2. Fire-stick farming 3. Swidden horticulture 4. Pyrohusbandry 5. Forest management

2. Fire-stick farming

ch 6. 12. Which is NOT a model for the human occupation of the Americas? 1. Pre-Clovis 2. Indigenous development 3. Clovis First 4. Early Arrival 5. All of the above have been proposed

2. Indigenous development

ch 9. 11. The Japanese preagricultural society that lived in large villages and produced elaborate pottery. 1. Yangshou 2. Jomon 3. Pentoushan 4. Longshan 5. Shaolin

2. Jomon

ch 6. 13. The site that poses the most serious threat to the Clovis First hypothesis is ________. 1. Blackwater Draw, New Mexico 2. Monte Verde, Chile 3. Quebrada Tacahuay, Peru 4. Pedra Pintada, Brazil 5. Pedra Furada, Brazil

2. Monte Verde, Chile

ch 9. 3. One of the most complete pictures of a hunter-gatherer village in North Africa come from the North African site of ________. 1. Uan Muhuggiag 2. Nabta Playa 3. Akhreijit 4. Dhar Tichit 5. Uan Afuda

2. Nabta Playa

ch 8. 6. ________ is based on the assumption that humans act on the basis of rational self-interest in collecting resources. 1. Simple hunting and gathering 2. Optimal foraging theory 3. Agency theory 4. Systems theory 5. Broad spectrum foraging

2. Optimal foraging theory

ch 5. 6. The oldest modern human remains in Europe (ca. 36,000 years old) are found in _____. 1. Herto 2. Pestera cu Oase Cave 3. Klasies River Mouth 4. St. Cesaire 5. Border Cave

2. Pestera cu Oase Cave

ch 8. 8. This Late Archaic site in Louisiana is characterized by a series of six concentric mounds. 1. Stalling Island 2. Poverty Point 3. Indian Knoll 4. Adena 5. Hopewell

2. Poverty Point

ch 10. 16. Which of the following best characterizes the site of Cahokia? 1. a fortified city-state 2. a series of dispersed living areas around a ceremonial core 3. a vacant center 4. a teeming metropolis 5. none of the above

2. a series of dispersed living areas around a ceremonial core

ch 10. 2. Great Zimbabwe is 1. a hoax. 2. evidence of local development of complexity in southeast Africa. 3. the site of the palace of the Queen of Sheba. 4. a Phoenician trading port. 5. the site of King Solomon's mines.

2. evidence of local development of complexity in southeast Africa.

ch 1. 14. To recover the charred botanical remains (wood & seeds) it is often necessary to employ a method known as: 1. filtration 2. flotation 3. those items are of no interest to the archaeologist. 4. dry screening. 5. piece plotting.

2. flotation

ch 8. 13. Archaeologists have used ________ on skeletal material to determine the role of maize in the diet. 1. macro analysis 2. isotope analysis 3. electron spin resonance 4. radiocarbon analysis 5. thermoluminescence

2. isotope analysis

ch 6. 6. Large mammals during the Pleistocene are collectively known as __________. 1. mastodons 2. megafauna 3. cryptofauna 4. gigamammals 5. marsupials

2. megafauna

ch 3. 9. A ________ is an archaeological site produced by a series of distinct, but brief, occupations. 1. dispersal event 2. palimpsest 3. serial occupancy 4. Paleolithic habitation 5. base camp

2. palimpsest

ch 7. 13. Of the many ritual objects found hidden away at Early Neolithic sites, perhaps the most striking are ___________. 1. caches of arrowheads 2. plastered skulls 3. plaster dog effigies 4. small alabaster statues of Ragnaros 5. There is no evidence for ritual behavior during the Early Neolithic

2. plastered skulls

ch 1. 10. Lithic analysis is the study of __________. 1. lithium artifacts 2. stone tools 3. ceramics 4. metal artifacts 5. none of the above

2. stone tools

ch 8. 12. Who built the Newark Earthworks in Ohio? 1. the Moundbuilders 2. the Hopewell culture 3. the Adena culture 4. the Formative culture 5. the Mississippian culture

2. the Hopewell culture

ch 5. 1. The archaeological period of the earliest modern humans in Africa is referred to as ______. 1. the Neolithic 2. the Middle Stone Age 3. the Oldowan 4. the Acheulian 5. the Old Stone Age

2. the Middle Stone Age

ch 7. 1. V. Gordon Childe defined the transition to agriculture as _________. 1. cultural evolution 2. the Neolithic Revolution 3. the Rise of Civilization 4. a shift from savagery to barbarism 5. broad spectrum foraging

2. the Neolithic Revolution

ch 6. 4. What is the boundary that separates Sunda and Sahul called? 1. the Marianas Trench 2. the Wallace Line 3. Arnhem Land 4. the Indian Ocean 5. Beringia

2. the Wallace Line

ch 7. 4. Marshall Sahlins described hunter-gatherers as __________. 1. middle stage barbarians 2. the original affluent society 3. broad spectrum foragers 4. evolutionary throw-backs 5. evolutionary savages

2. the original affluent society

ch 4. 3. This 400,000 year-old, remarkable find has been discovered at the site of Schoningen, Germany. 1. over 100,000 stone tools, all chippers and flakes 2. three wooden spears 3. a complete Neanderthal skeleton 4. a mammoth vertebra with a spear point embedded in it 5. the remains of more than 40 Homo erectus individuals

2. three wooden spears

ch 8. 10. According to this model, the Hopewell culture earthworks served as the symbolic and ceremonial core of a dispersed settlement pattern. 1. agency theory 2. vacant center pattern 3. central place theory 4. GIS theory 5. optimal foraging theory

2. vacant center pattern

ch 9. 10. ________ refers to an ecological event causing a massive decline in marine resources along the Andean coast. 1. Tsunami 2. Humboldt reversal 3. El Nino 4. Global warming 5. La Pinta

3. El Nino

ch 6. 5. This controversial tiny hominin was discovered on an island northwest of Australia and dates to between 46,000 to 27,000 years ago. 1. Homo sapiencitas 2. Homo wallacea 3. Homo floresiensis 4. The discovery was a hoax. 5. Homo hobbitensis

3. Homo floresiensis

ch 2. 9. ________ looks at processes that can be observed in the present and that can serve as a point of reference to test hypotheses about the past. 1. The Culture History approach 2. Postprocessual archaeology 3. Middle-range research 4. Systems theory 5.Induction

3. Middle-range research

ch 10. 15. The large earthwork that occupies the core of Cahokia is known as ___________. 1. El Grande 2. Mound 71 3. Monk's Mound 4. Spiro Mound 5. Pueblo Bonito

3. Monk's Mound

ch 3. 4. The earliest stone tool tradition is known as the __________. 1. Ginsu 2. Acheulian 3. Oldowan 4. Auregnacian 5. Mousterian

3. Oldowan

ch 10. 12. ________ refers to the linkages that connect Chaco Canyon with the surrounding region through a system of roads 1. The Chacoan Experience 2. The Anasazi Network 3. The Chacoan Network 4. The Chacoan Phenomenon 5. The Hohokam

3. The Chacoan Network

ch 9. 8. ________ accounts for the remarkable wealth of marine resources along the Andean coast. 1. Le Nio 2. The Pacific Current 3. The Humboldt Current 4. The Gulf Stream 5. La Nia

3. The Humboldt Current

ch 8. 5. What refinement of radiocarbon dating makes it possible to date very small samples? 1. optically stimulated luminescence 2. obsidian hydration 3. accelerator mass spectrometry 4. thermoluminescence 5. electron spin resonance

3. accelerator mass spectrometry

ch 1. 6. Any object that shows traces of human manufacture is referred to as a(n) __________. 1. ecofact 2. find 3. artifact 4. site 5. feature

3. artifact

ch 1. 13. The ________ is used as a reference for all vertical measurements on an archaeological site. 1. ground surface 2. stadia rod 3. datum point 4. Munsell book 5. keystone

3. datum point

ch 9. 6. Silica structures that build up along plant cell walls are called 1. ecoliths. 2. starch grains. 3. phytoliths. 4. thunder stones. 5. pollen casts.

3. phytoliths.

ch 10. 8. That the people who built Stonehenge did include elites is evidenced by the discovery of what? 1. a cache of gold amulets 2. the iceman 3. the Amesbury Archer 4. seven partially completed Moai 5. none of the above

3. the Amesbury Archer

ch 6. 7. What is the earliest agreed upon evidence of human occupation in North America called? 1. the Olsen-Chubbock site 2. the Early Arrival model 3. the Clovis culture 4. the Folsom culture 5. the Atlantean culture

3. the Clovis culture

ch 2. 11. ________ focuses on the way archaeologists study and represent gender in the archaeological record, as well as gender biases of the investigator 1. Gynocentric archaeology 2. Masculinist archaeology 3. Postprocessual archaeology 4. Feminist archaeology 5. none of the above

4. Feminist archaeology

ch 8. 14. The widespread use of pottery in the American Southwest around 1,800 years ago marks the beginning of what period? 1. Archaic 2. Early Neolithic 3. Early Woodland 4. Formative 5. Middle Woodland

4. Formative

ch 10. 9. Chaco Canyon was the site of the construction of spectacular multi-storied structures known as _________. 1. cliff-dwellings 2. kivas 3. pueblos 4. Great Houses 5. none of the above

4. Great Houses

ch 2. 5. ________ twisted the archaeological record to reinforce German nationalism and support the Nazi party. 1. Flinders Petri 2. Giovanni Belzaoni 3. John Lubbock 4. Gustav Kossinna 5. Heinrich Schliemann

4. Gustav Kossinna

ch 6. 1. The initial hominin occupation of Australia and the Americas was by which species? 1. Homo erectus 2. Homo floresiensis 3. Neanderthals 4. Homo sapiens 5. A and B

4. Homo sapiens

ch 3. 2. The discovery of footprints at this site indicated that Australopithecus afarensis was bipedal. 1. Olduvai Gorge 2. Koobi fora 3. Hadar 4. Laetoli 5. Lake Turkana

4. Laetoli

ch 3. 13. ________ is genetic material inherited exclusively from the mother. 1. Nuclear DNA 2. Mitichlorian DSP 3. Phylogentic detritus 4. Mitochondrial DNA 5. A and B

4. Mitochondrial DNA

ch 4. 1. The ________ is the geological era beginning 1.8 million years ago and characterized by glacial activity 1. Holocene 2. Pliocene 3. Tertiary 4. Pleistocene 5. Jurassic

4. Pleistocene

ch 10. 10. What is the largest Great House in Chaco Canyon? 1. the Great Kiva 2. Casa Grande 3. Chetso Ketl 4. Pueblo Bonito 5. Casa Rinconada

4. Pueblo Bonito

ch 2. 2. The Three-Age system 1. was one of the first attempts by archaeologists to organize time. 2. divided prehistory into the Stone, Bronze, and Iron Ages. 3. was developed by Christian Thomsen. 4. all of the above 5. was eventually proven false.

4. all of the above

ch 2. 8. For archaeology to be considered a science it must work by ________ from general laws and models. 1. induction 2. inspiration 3. inference 4. deduction 5. drawing

4. deduction

ch 1. 5. The goal of vertical excavation is to 1. collect as many artifacts as possible. 2. dig as deeply as possible. 3. expose a broad area revealing a single occupation. 4. expose the sequence of occupation at a site.

4. expose the sequence of occupation at a site.

ch 10. 3. According to Karl Wittfogel, early state formation was the result of which of the following? 1. agency theory 2. response to foreign aggression 3. population growth 4. large-scale irrigation processes 5. geographical circumscription

4. large-scale irrigation processes

ch 5. 3. What type of absolute dating makes use of irregularities in the crystalline structure of materials such as flint, teeth, and sand grains? 1. OCR 2. uranium 3. argon 4. luminescence 5. radiocarbon

4. luminescence

ch 3. 7. The stone circle found at the DKI site 1. has been dismissed as a hoax. 2. was a religious structure 3. was a raw material stockpile for make tools. 4. might be evidence of a temporary structure built on a home-base site. 5. is definitely a natural feature.

4. might be evidence of a temporary structure built on a home-base site.

ch 2. 7. The goal of postprocessual archaeology is to 1. test hypotheses. 2. formulate general laws governing human behavior. 3. write culture history. 4. offer interpretations based on contextual data.

4. offer interpretations based on contextual data.

ch 4. 6. A prepared core technology characteristic of Middle Paleolithic tools is 1. associated with tortoise shell effigies. 2. the Acheulian method. 3. the Aurignacian method. 4. the Levallois method. 5. Neanderthal tech.

4. the Levallois method.

ch 10. 14. Which of the following phrases describes dendrochronology? 1. uses tree ring growth to measure time 2. uses animal dens to map storage pits 3. has been used in the southwest USA extensively 4. is a method remote sensing 5. A and C only

5. A and C only

ch 5. 7. Which is not a tool industry of the Upper Paleolithic? 1. Magdalenian 2. Aurignacian 3. Solutrean 4. Gravettian 5. Acheulian

5. Acheulian

ch 1. 9. Which of the following statements characterizes absolute dating techniques? 1. They allow archaeologists to assign a range of calendar years to artifacts and deposits. 2. They can be expressed on a number of different time scales. 3. They include radiocarbon (C14) dating. 4. They are usually accompanied by an error estimate. 5. All of the above.

5. All of the above.

ch 5. 5. What is the earliest-known painted cave (ca. 38,000-33,000 years old)? 1. Qafzeh, Israel 2. Lascaux, France 3. Skhul, Israel 4. Altamira, Spain 5. Chauvet, France

5. Chauvet, France

ch 4. 9. This simple flake tool industry was contemporary with the Acheulian in England. 1. Mousterian 2. Boxgrovian 3. Oldowan 4. Levallois 5. Clactonian

5. Clactonian

ch 2. 6. New laws requiring archaeological work before damaging construction work created 1. the New Archaeology. 2. the demand for a new theoretical paradigm. 3. a rejection of the New Archaeology. 4. a wealth of artifacts for museums. 5. Cultural Resource Management (CRM) archaeology.

5. Cultural Resource Management (CRM) archaeology.

ch 3. 10. The first Homo erectus fossils found on the island of Java, were found by whom? 1.Mary Leakey 2. Raymond Dart 3. Louis Leakey 4. Donald Johanson 5. Eugene Dubois

5. Eugene Dubois

ch 1. 15. ________ refer to software applications that allows spatial data to be brought together and consolidated. 1. U.S. Geodetic Surveys (USGS) 2. Geographic Positioning Systems (GPS) 3. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) 4. Universal Transverse Mercators (UTM) 5. Geographic Information systems (GIS)

5. Geographic Information systems (GIS)

ch 7. 6. The ________ Period is characterized by hunter-gatherers subsisting on a broad range of plants and animals. 1. Chalcolithic 2. Natufian 3. Early Neolithic 4. Late Neolithic 5. Kebaran

5. Kebaran

ch 10. 4. Elman Service divides human societies into which of the following? 1. states 2. tribes 3. bands 4. chiefdoms 5. all of the above

5. all of the above

ch 2. 10. Systems theory 1. states that culture change comes about as a result of feedback between elements in the system. 2. is helpful in integrating evidence of ecological change into models of social change. 3. plays a relatively minor role in archaeology today. 4. views society as an interconnected network of elements. 5. all of the above

5. all of the above

ch 3. 1. Which of the following genera of hominin are found in Africa? 1. Australopithecus 2. Homo 3. Paranthropus 4. Kenyanthropus 5. all of the above

5. all of the above

ch 9. 7. Andean indigenous domesticates include 1. potatoes. 2. guinea pigs. 3. quinoa. 4. llamas. 5. all of the above

5. all of the above

ch 6. 15. Which migration route has NOT been proposed for entry into the Americas? 1. through Beringia 2. the ice-free corridor 3. along the western North American coast 4. across the North Atlantic 5. all the routes have been proposed

5. all the routes have been proposed

ch 7. 3. Ester Bosrup suggested that ________ might be the cause of the shift to agriculture. 1. a shift from trust to domination 2. a symbiotic relationship between plants and people 3. the rise of social inequality 4. a desire for a surplus 5. increased population size

5. increased population size

ch 1. 12. Which of the following is NOT an absolute dating method? 1. argon 2. luminescence 3. radiocarbon 4. dendrochronology 5. seriation

5. seriation

ch 7. 7. Toward the end of the Natufian there was a reduction in the number and size of sites. This reduction has been correlated with ________, a global climatic event known as "the Little Ice Age." 1. El Nino 2. the Pleistocene 3. the Older Dryas 4. the Elder Glaciation 5. the Younger Dryas

5. the Younger Dryas