Chapters 12-13

The anterior pituitary gland produces all of the following EXCEPT which one?

ADH

Insulin helps regulate blood sugar levels by stimulating the release of glucose from glycogen stores.

False

The secretion of oxytocin during childbirth stimulates ADH release by the anterior pituitary gland.

False

The vestibular apparatus located in the middle ear is a system of fluid-filled chambers that is essential to the sense of hearing.

False

Which one of the following hormones stimulates the production of testosterone in males?

LH

Thyroxine is released from the thyroid gland in response to the presence of

TSH

The endocrine system has certain characteristics that set it apart from the nervous system. Which one of the following characteristics is typical of the endocrine system, but NOT the nervous system?

The agents of communication are always in the form of a chemical.

Both eyes have a blind spot, an area where there are no photoreceptors. When an image is focused on the blind spot, it cannot be "seen."

True

Calcitonin and PTH have opposing effects on blood calcium levels.

True

Steroid hormones typically move across the cell and nuclear membranes to bind to receptors in the nucleus.

True

The human body may stop responding to a stimulus even though the original stimulus is still present; this is a process referred to as receptor adaptation.

True

When the amount of thyroxine in the body increases, the basal metabolic rate of the body also increases.

True

A stronger stimulus results in which one of the following?

activation of more receptors and initiation of more action potentials

The thymus produces two peptides that function to

aid in the maturation of T lymphocytes

A goiter results from low dietary iodine levels

because thyroxine cannot be made, which results in high levels of TSH

Nonsteroid hormones differ from steroid hormones in that they

bind to a receptor on the outer surface of the cell membrane

Which one of the following conditions results when the transparency of the lens decreases?

cataracts

Color blindness usually results from a decrease in the number of

cones

The transparent covering of the front of the eye is the

cornea

Hyposecretion of ADH results in

diabetes insipidus

An individual, driving through his neighborhood, suddenly jams on his car brakes to avoid hitting a child who runs into the road after a ball. A few seconds later, the driver finds that he is shaking and his heart is pounding. This is primarily due to the secretion of which one of the following?

epinephrine from the adrenal medulla

The ovaries of women function as endocrine organs by producing

estrogen and progesterone

Receptors for fast pain

generally occur in or near skin

During eye examinations, a test is done to monitor the pressure within the eye. This test is done to detect

glaucoma

Which one of the following hormone pairs is antagonistic, in that they have opposing effects?

glucagon, insulin

During times of stress, which one of the following glands releases CRH to stimulate the anterior pituitary to release ACTH?

hypothalamus

Which one of the following parts of the brain links to the endocrine system?

hypothalamus

Uptake of blood glucose by liver cells is stimulated by

insulin

Which one of the following parts of the eye is affected by cataracts?

lens

Mechanoreceptors specifically designed to monitor muscle length are termed

muscle spindles

Which of the following receptors are MOST likely to demonstrate receptor adaptation?

olfactory receptors in the nose

The "blind spot" is associated with which one of the following?

optic disk

When a sound wave first arrives at the ear, the wave is directed toward the auditory canal by

pinna

Which one of the following receive(s) a physical or chemical stimulus and ultimately cause(s) nerve impulses to be generated in sensory neurons?

receptors

Which one of the following parts of the eye is continuous with the cornea and forms the outer surface of the back of the eye?

sclera

Which one of the following structures is used to sense rotational movement of the head and body?

semicircular canals

Hormones act upon specific target tissues because

target tissues display the appropriate receptor for a particular hormone

Which two endocrine glands exert the most control over blood calcium levels?

thyroid and parathyroid

Olfactory receptors are located in which one of the following?

upper part of nasal passages

When oxytocin is released during childbirth, the hormone targets cells in the

uterus