Chapters 12-15 Questions

An older woman retires and completely changes her life. She is no longer raising children or working. However, she joins the YWCA to swim every day. She serves on the Friends of the Library board. She is part of a neighborhood group that plays Bunco on Saturday nights. Her situation most closely illustrates the_______theory. A. Activity B. Continuity C. Disengagement D. Gerotranscendence

A.

Children of divorced parents are_______to divorce in their own marriage than children of parents who stayed married. A. More likely B. Less likely C. Equally likely

A.

Compared to most Western societies, U.S. sexual attitudes are considered_______. A. Conservative B. Liberal C. Permissive D. Free

A.

In Erik Erikson's developmental stages of life, with which challenge must older people struggle? A. Overcoming despair to achieve integrity B. Overcoming role confusion to achieve identity C. Overcoming isolation to achieve intimacy D. Overcoming shame to achieve autonomy

A.

In the United States, life expectancy rates in recent decades have_______. A. Continued to gradually rise B. Gone up and down due to global issues such as military conflicts C. Lowered as healthcare improves D. Stayed the same since the mid-1960s

A.

Same-sex couple households account for_______percent of U.S. households. A. 1 B. 10 C. 15 D. 30

A.

Sociologists tend to define family in terms of A. How a given society sanctions the relationships of people who are connected through blood, marriage, or adoption B. The connection of bloodlines C. The status roles that exist in a family structure D. How closely members adhere to social norms

A.

Some controversial groups that maybe mislabeled as cults include: A. Scientology and the Hare Krishna B. The People's Temple and Heaven's Gate C. The Branch Davidians and the Manson Family D. Quakers and Pentecostals

A.

The "graying of the United States" refers to_______. A. The increasing percentage of the population over sixty-five years old B. Faster aging due to stress C. Dissatisfaction with retirement plans D. Increased health problems such as Alzheimer's

A.

The majority of U.S. children live in: A. Two-parent households B. One-parent households C. No-parent households D. Multigenerational households

A.

The term_______refers to society's concept of how men and women are expected to act and how they should behave. A. Gender roles B. Gender bias C. Sexual orientation D. Sexual attitudes

A.

What is the primary driver of modernization theory? A. Industrialization B. Aging C. Conflict D. Interactions

A.

Which of the following do the functionalist and conflict perspectives share? A. Position the religion relates to social control, enforcing social norms B. Emphasis on religion as providing social support C. Belief that religion helps explain the mysteries of life D. None of the above

A.

Which perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps keep the social system running smoothly? A. Functional perspective B. Symbolic interactionist perspective C. Conflict perspective D. Feminist perspective

A.

Which theoretical perspective stresses the importance of regulating sexual behavior to ensure marital cohesion and family stability? A. Functionalism B. Conflict theory C. Symbolic interactionalism D. Queer theory

A.

The main difference between an ecclesia and a denomination is: A. The number of followers or believers is much larger for denominations B. The geographical location varies for ecclesia versus denominations C. Ecclesia are state-sponsored and considered an official religion D. There are no important differences; the terms are interchangeable

B and C

A cultural universal is something that: A. Addresses all aspects of a group's behavior B. Is found in all cultures C. Is based on social norms D. May or may not be of value in meeting social needs

B.

A person who is biologically female but identifies with the male gender and has undergone surgery to alter her body is considered_______. A. Transgender B. Transsexual C. A cross-dresser D. Homosexual

B.

A sect: A. Has generally grown so large that is needs new building and multiple leaders B. Often believes it must split from the larger group to return to important fundamentals C. Is another term for a cult D. All of the above

B.

According to national surveys, most U.S. parents support which type of sex education program in school? A. Abstinence only B. Abstinence plus sexual safety C. Sexual safety without promoting abstinence D. No sex education

B.

According to the study citied by the U.S. Census Bureau, children who live with married parents grow up with more advantages than children who live with: A. A divorced parent B. A single parent C. A grandparent D. All of the above

B.

If elderly people suffer abuse, it is most often perpetrated by_______. A. Spouses B. Caregivers C. Lawyers D. Strangers

B.

In most countries, elderly women_______than elderly men. A. Are mistreated less B. Live a few years longer C. Suffer fewer health problems D. Deal with issues of aging better

B.

Only women are affected by gender stratification. A. True B. False

B.

Research indicates that individuals are aware of their sexual orientation_______. A. At infancy B. In early adolescence C. In early adulthood D. In late adulthood

B.

The Protestant work ethic was viewed in terms of its relationship to: A. Evolution and natural selection B. Capitalism C. Determinism D. Prejudice and discrimination

B.

The measure that compares the number of men to women in a population is_______. A. Cohort B. Sex ratio C. Baby boomer D. Disengagement

B.

The terms "masculine" and "feminine" refer to a person's_______. A. Sex B. Gender C. Both sex and gender D. None of the above

B.

To which theoretical perspective does the following statement most likely apply: Women continue to assume thee responsibility in the household along with a paid occupation because it keeps the household running smoothly, i.e., at a state of balance? A. Conflict theory B. Functionalism C. Feminist theory D. Symbolic interactionism

B.

Today in the United States, the poverty rate of the elderly is_______. A. Lower than at any point in history B. Increasing C. Decreasing D. The same as that of the general population

B.

Veterans are two to four times more likely to_______as people who did not serve in the military. A. Be a victim of elder abuse B. Commit suicide C. Be concerned about financial stresses D. Be abusive toward care providers

B.

What Western country is thought to be the most liberal in its attitudes toward sex? A. United States B. Sweden C. Mexico D. Ireland

B.

Which action reflects ageism? A. Enabling WWII veterans to visit war memorials B. Speaking slowly and loudly when talking to someone over age sixty-five years old C. Believing that older people drive too slowly D. Living in a culture where elders are respected

B.

Which of the following is a criticism of the family life cycle model? A. It is too broad and accounts for too many aspects of family. B. It is too narrowly focused on a sequence of stages. C. It does not serve a practical purpose for studying family behavior. D. It is not based on comprehensive research.

B.

Which of the main theoretical perspectives would approach religion from the micro-level, studying how religion impacts an individual's sense of support and well-being? A. Functionalism B. Symbolic interactionism C. Conflict theory D. Feminism

B.

Which type of child abuse is most prevalent in the United States? A. Physical abuse B. Neglect C. Shaken-baby syndrome D. Verbal mistreatment

B.

A woman being married to two men would be an example of: A. Monogamy B. Polygyny C. Polyandry D. Cohabitation

C.

America's baby boomer generation has contributed to all of the following except: A. Social Security's vulnerability B. Improved medical technology C. Medicaid being in danger of going bankrupt D. Rising Medicare budgets

C.

Couples who cohabitate before marriage are_______couples who did not cohabitate before marriage to be married at least ten years. A. Far more likely than B. Far less likely than C. Slightly less likely than D. Equally as likely as

C.

In general, children in_______households benefit from divorce. A. Stepfamily B. Multigenerational C. High-conflict D. Low-conflict

C.

In what part of the world have Confucianism and Taoism been primarily practiced? A. India B. Europe C. China D. The Middle East

C.

Many stories in the sacred text of Judaism are: A. Referred to as the Apocrypha B. Oral traditions only because Judaism has no sacred text C. Shared by Christianity and Islam D. No longer part of the Torah

C.

Research suggests that people generally feel that their current family is_______than the family they grew up with. A. Less close B. More close C. At least as close D. None of the above

C.

Social scientists refer to the use of a church to combat social injustice in the political realm as: A. The Protestant work ethic B. Conflict management C. Liberation theology D. Justice work

C.

Thanatology is the study of_______. A. Life expectancy B. Biological aging C. Death and dying D. Adulthood

C.

The median age of first marriage has_______in the last fifty years. A. Increased for men but not women B. Decreased for men but not women C. Increased for both men and women D. Decreased for both men and women

C.

What is the approximate median age of the United States? A. Eighty-five B. Sixty-five C. Thirty-seven D. Eighteen

C.

Which factor most increases the risk of an elderly person suffering mistreatment? A. Bereavement due to widowhood B. Having been abusive as a younger adult C. Being frail to the point of dependency on care D. The ability to bestow a large inheritance on survivors

C.

Which of the following is the best example of a gender stereotype? A. Women are typically shorter than men. B. Men do not live as long as women. C. Women tend to be overly emotional, while men tend to be levelheaded. D. Men hold more high-earning, leadership jobs than women.

C.

Which of the following is the best example of the role peers play as an agent of socialization for school-aged children? A. Children can act however they wish around their peers because children are unaware of gender roles B. Peers serve as a support system for children who wish to act outside of their assigned gender roles C. Peers tend to reinforce gender roles by criticizing and marginalizing those who behave outside of their assigned roles. D. None of the above

C.

Which of the following is true of intimate partner violence (IPV)? A. IPV victims are more frequently men than women B. One in ten women is a victim of IPV C. Nearly half of instances of IPV involve drugs or alcohol. D. Rape is the most common form of IPV.

C.

Which socialist perspective most emphasized the ways in which religion helps to maintain social inequalities within a society? A. Functional B. Symbolic interactionist C. Conflict theory D. Feminist perspective

C.

Who wrote the book "On Death and Dying," outlining the five stages of grief? A. Ignatz Nascher B. Erik Erikson C. Elisabeth Kubler-Ross D. Carol Gilligan

C.

A child who associates his line of descent with his father's side only is part of a_______society. A. Matrilocal B. Bilateral C. Matrilineal D. Patrilineal

D.

According to the symbolic interactionist perspective, we "do gender": A. During half of our activities B. Only when they apply to our biological sex C. Only if we are actively following gender roles D. All of the time, in everything we do

D.

An older man retires from his job, stops golfing, and cancels his newspaper subscription. After his wife dies, he lives alone, loses touch with his children, and stops seeing old friends. His situation most closely illustrates the_______theory. A. Activity B. Continuity C. Disengagement D. Gerotranscendence

D.

Current divorce rates are: A. At an all-time high B. At an all-time low C. Steadily increasing D. Steadily declining

D.

For individual people of a certain culture, the life course is_______. A. The average age they will die B. The lessons they must learn C. The length of a typical bereavement period D. The typical sequence of events in their lives

D.

In what ways does religion serve the role of a social institution? A. Religions have a complex and integrated set of norms. B. Religious practices and beliefs are related to societal values. C. Religions often meet several basic needs. D. All of the above

D.

Megachurches tend to have: A. A variety of male and female clergy B. Numerous buildings in which to meet C. High attendance for only a limited time D. Large arenas where services are held

D.

Sociologist associate sexuality with_______. A. Heterosexuality B. Homosexuality C. Biological factors D. A person's capacity for sexual feelings

D.

The Age of Discrimination in Employment Act counteracts which theory? A. Modernization B. Conflict C. Disengagement D. Age stratification

D.

What are some denominations of the Christian Protestant church? A. Catholic and Jewish B. Jehovah's Witnesses and Presbyterians C. Scientology and Hare Krishna D. Methodist and Seventh-day Adventist

D.

What do Christianity and Islam have in common? A. Both believe in a single supreme god. B. Both share many of the same stories in their central religious texts. C. Both believe in an afterlife D. All of the above

D.

Which assertion about aging in men would be made by a sociologist following the functionalist perspective? A. Men view balding as representative of a loss of strength. B. Men tend to have better retirement plans than women. C. Men have life expectancies three to five years shorter than women. D. Men who remain active after retirement play supportive community roles.

D.

Which of the following is correct regarding the explanation for transgenderism? A. It is strictly biological and associated with chemical imbalances in the brain B. It is a behavior that is learned through socializing with other transgender individuals C. It is genetic and usually skips one generation D. Currently, there is no definitive explanation for transgenderism

D.