Chapters 2 & 3 Exam

Michael, a famous musician, is designing a new apartment that will serve as both his residence and his recording studio. Since the music studio shares a wall with his bedroom, Michael wants to be sure that the recording studio is soundproof. This means that Michael wants to be sure that any sound from the studio is well under his ________ while he is in his bedroom. A. absolute threshold B. minimum threshold C. difference threshold D. papillae

A. absolute threshold

You are studying in your room, and your neighbor is listening to the news on television at a loud volume in the adjacent room. When you gently request your neighbor to turn the volume down until you cannot hear it, you are asking your neighbor to make the volume less than your ___________. A. absolute threshold B. basilar level C. difference threshold D. minimum transduction level

A. absolute threshold

Jasmine, a doctor, is studying the extent of damage to the brain involving loss of memory in her patient Kayla. She examines a three-dimensional image obtained from X-rays of Kayla's head that are assembled into a composite image. In the context of brain imaging, which of the following techniques was most likely used to produce the three-dimensional image? A. computerized axial tomography (CAT scan or CT scan) B. positron-emission tomography (PET scan) C. transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) D. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A. computerized axial tomography (CAT scan or CT scan)

Joe has suffered a massive stroke. Since then, he finds it difficult to remember names of new people whom he meets or even to recognize them. This is because he is unable to retain any new memories after the stroke. In the context of the organization of the brain, these symptoms are most likely due to a damaged A. hippocampus B. thalamus C. amygdala D. hypothalamus

A. hippocampus

While walking in the woods, Rachel feels a sudden pain in her neck. Due to the nature of the pain, she recognizes that she has been stung by a bee. In this scenario, which of the following processes has most likely helped her identify the source of her pain? A. perception B. incubation C. transduction D. photoreception

A. perception

Damien has been unable to sleep for the past few weeks. He wakes up in the middle of the night and cannot go back to sleep. On certain occasions, he cannot fall asleep at all and at other times, he is unable to wake up from sleep. In the context of organization of the brain, Damien's problem with sleep and arousal is most likely caused by the poor functioning of the ______. A. pons B. amygdala C. medulla D. cerebellum

A. pons

When Mark started running for the first time, he could barely run two miles a day. After practicing rigorously for a month, he was able to run five miles a day. In this scenario, Mark's leg muscles adjusting to his running schedule best illustrates ___________. A. sensory adaptation B. parallel processing C. perceptual constancy D. selective attention

A. sensory adaptation

Just before you went on a job interview your heart was pounding like crazy. You experienced a shortness of breath and felt sick to your stomach. These symptoms were most likely produced by your ________ nervous system. A. sympathetic B. central C. somatic D. parasympathetic

A. sympathetic

Which division of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for producing physiological symptoms (such as increased heart rate and butterflies in the stomach) under conditions of stress? A. sympathetic B. central C. parasympathetic D. somatic

A. sympathetic

A team of researchers collected DNA from a group of people with a particular form of cancer and compared it to DNA from a group of people who do not have the disease. They are hoping to determine whether certain genetic variations occur more frequently in those with the disease and, therefore, where on the human genome the disease-causing problem exists. Which of the following is true of the researchers? A. the researchers are using the genome-wide association method B. the researchers are molecular geneticists C. the researchers are undertaking an experiment in selective breeding D. the researchers are behavior geneticists

A. the researchers are using the genome-wide association method

Which of the following examples best illustrates extrasensory perception (ESP)? A. Selim performs a magic trick B. Jeff reads another person's mind C. Mehmet levitates in front of an audience D. Tony runs faster than the others in a race

B. Jeff reads another person's mind

Mihail is watching a play. He can hear the dialogue at all times except when the actors are whispering in a scene. This is because the actors' whispers are too soft for Mihail to hear. In other words, the whispers are most likely below Mihail's __________________. A. expectation B. absolute threshold level C. upper limit D. arbitrary value

B. absolute threshold level

Izabella Johnson, a doctor in Dallas, prescribed an antidepressant drug Prozac to her patient, Ted. Prozac works by increasing brain levels of serotonin. This means that Prozac is considered an _________. A. endorphin B. agonist C. oxytocin D. antagonist

B. agonist

Reem selects a new paint color for her bedroom. She notices a difference between sky blue and midnight blue. Reem's ability to distinguish between these two colors can best be explained by the concept of ___________. A. selective attention B. difference threshold C. top-down processing D. sensory adaptation

B. difference threshold

The lecture you were listening to is over. The bell that rang in the hall signaled the end of class. You get up, pick up your things, and walk out the classroom door. Which kind of nerves sent the signals from your brain to your muscles to initiate your physical movements? A. olfactory B. efferent C. pyramidal D. afferent

B. efferent

Lilly, who has just given birth, is able to provide nourishment for her baby and loves her newborn unconditionally. Which of the following neurotransmitters is said to play an important role in this case? A. dopamine B. oxytocin C. acetylcholine D. serotonin

B. oxytocin

Stand-up comedians who improvise constantly while on stage are demonstrating their ability to change according to the environment. Which of the following characteristics of the nervous system is most likely playing a predominant role? A. polarization B. resting potential C. adaptability D. reuptake

C. adaptability

Zeus was injured in a mining accident and suffered severe brain damage. In time, his brain healed, and he was back to working in the mines. The only change was in his personality. From being a highly aggressive and temperamental individual, he became mild-mannered and calm, almost to the extent of being placid. In this scenario, the region of the cerebral cortex that was most likely damaged in the accident was the ________ lobe. A. parietal B. occipital C. frontal D. temporal

C. frontal

When Carlos first jumped into the pool, he thought that the water was very cold. Although the temperature of the pool remained constant, after a few minutes Carlos no longer complained about feeling cold. This change is his reaction to the temperature of the pool water is an example of _________. A. a perceptual set B. top-down processing C. sensory adaptation D. sensory deprivation

C. sensory adaptation

You are walking to school when you encounter a barking dog. You start sweating and contemplate whether you should run away. Which nervous system is primarily responsible for this "fight-or-flight" reaction? A. parasympathetic B. somatic C. sympathetic D. central

C. sympathetic

Amelia has been working as a tea taster for approximately 15 years. She visits tea gardens in the country of Bodonia to grade teas according to their quality and taste. While tasting, she uses her prior knowledge to grade the teas. In this scenario, Amelia is most likely engaged in ___________. A. sensory adaptation B. perceptual constancy C. top-down processing D. selective attention

C. top-down processing

Ellie has recently experienced irregular mood swings. Her energy level has decreased, and she seems to have greater difficulty coping with stress. Based on her symptoms, it seems as though Ellie may have problems with her ________ glands. A. pineal B. thymus C. pituitary D. adrenal

D. adrenal

Lauren is at the airport waiting to board her flight. She initiates a friendly conversation with another passenger. Despite the noise at the airport and multiple announcements being made at the same time, Lauren is able to focus on the passenger's voice. This scenario best demonstrates the ___________. A. stroop effect B. sound shadow C. volley principle D. cocktail-party effect

D. cocktail-party effect

As a result of a brain injury after an accident, James lost his vision. Which of the following regions of James's cerebral cortex is most likely to be damaged? A. somatosensory cortex B. association cortex C. parietal lobe D. occipital lobe

D. occipital lobe

After finishing a psychology test, you try to relax by engaging in some meditation techniques. Doing these exercises should increase the response of the ________ nervous system, which results in a slower heart and respiration rate and less muscular tension. A. sympathetic B. central C. somatic D. parasympathetic

D. parasympathetic

After taking her English final, Natalie attempts to relax in her chair by meditating. She is attempting to reduce her heart and respiration rates, as well as her muscular tension. In this scenario, her physiological relaxation can be best attributed to the functioning of her ________ nervous system. A. somatic B. sympathetic C. central D. parasympathetic

D. parasympathetic

Stern Tyler, a neuroscientist who is collecting data for a new research study, uses a technique for monitoring the amount of glucose in various areas of the brain. Which of the following methods is Stern Tyler using in this study? A. brain lesioning B. staining C. electroencephalogram (EEG) D. positron emission tomography (PET scan)

D. positron emission tomography (PET scan)

Samantha had a stroke. Doctors told her she sustained substantial damage to the occipital lobes. What type of deficiencies is Samantha likely to experience as a result of this brain damage? A. she will probably be unable to comprehend language. B. she will probably suffer from impaired cognitive functioning. C. she will probably have difficulties with memory function. D. she may be blind or unable to see clearly.

D. she may be blind or unable to see clearly.

Gregory is an excellent basketball player. He is always able to gauge the distance between himself and the basket correctly, and he never misses a shot. To help him use this spatial location skill, which of the following regions of the cerebral cortex should function the most efficiently? A. the prefrontal cortex B. the temporal lobe C. the somatosensory cortex D. the parietal lobe

D. the parietal lobe

A researcher in the field of neuroscience has a theory about a specific area of the brain causing difficulties in face recognition. To draw a solid causal inference, they intend to test their hypothesis on dogs by disrupting regions of the dogs' brains and examining the effects of this disruption on the dogs' face-recognition capacity. Which of the following techniques should be used by the researcher? A. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) B. computerized axial tomography (CAT scan) C. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) D. transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

D. transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)