Chapters 22-27

Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) Dawes Severalty Act is passed; (B) Oklahoma land rush takes place; (C) Indians are granted full citizenship; (D) Congress restores the tribal basis of Indian life.

A, B, C, D

Match each entrepreneur below with the field of enterprise with which he is historically identified A. Andrew Carnegie B. John D. Rockefeller C. J. Pierpont Morgan D. James Duke 1. steel 2. oil 3. tobacco 4. banking

A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3

Match each labor organization below with the correct description A. National Labor Union B. Knights of Labor C. American Federation of Labor 1. the "one big union" that championed producer cooperatives and industrial arbitration 2. a social-reform union killed by the depression of the 1870s 3. an association of unions pursuing higher wages, shorter working hours, and better working conditions

A-2, B-1, C-3

Match each of these late-nineteenth-century writers with the theme of his work. A. Lewis Wallace B. Horatio Alger C. Henry James D. William Dean Howells 1. success and honor as the products of honesty and hard work 2. anti-Darwinism support for the Holy Scriptures 3. contemporary social problems like divorce, labor strikes, and socialism 4. psychological realism and the dilemmas of sophisticated women

A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3

Match each politician below with the Republican political faction with which he was associated A. Roscoe Conkling B. James Blaine C. Horace Greeley D. Ulysses Grant

A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3

Match each individual with his role in the Pullman strike: A. Richard Olney B. Eugene V. Debs C. George Pullman D. John P. Altgeld 1. Head of the American Railway Union that organized the strike 2. Governor of Illinois who sympathized with the striking workers 3. US attorney general who brought in federal troops to crush the strike 4. Owner of the "palace railroad car" company and the company town where the strike began

A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2

Match each entrepreneur below with the form of business combination with which he is historically identified A. Andrew Carnegie B. John D. Rockefeller C. J. Pierpont Morgan 1. interlocking directorate 2. trust 3. vertical integration 4. pool

A-3, B-2, C-1

Match each Indian chief below with his tribe. A. Chief Joseph B. Sitting Bull C. Geronimo 1. Apache 2. Cheyenne 3. Nez Perce 4. Sioux

A-3, B-4, C-1

Match each railroad company below with the correct entrepreneur A. James J. Hill B. Cornelius Vanderbilt C. Leland Stanford 1. Central Pacific 2. New York Central 3. Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe 4. Great Northern

A-4, B-2, C-1

Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) American declaration of war on Spain, (B) sinking of the Maine, (C) passage of the Teller Amendment, (D) passage of the Platt Amendment.

B, A, C, D

The US government's outlawing of the Indian Sun (Ghost) Dance in 1890 resulted in the a. Battle of Wounded Knee b. Sand Creek massacre c. Battle of Little Big Horn d. Dawes Severalty Act e. Carlisle Indian School

a. Battle of Wounded Knee

The question of the annexation of _____ touched off the first major imperialistic debate in American history. a. Hawaii b. Cuba c. the Philippines d. Puerto Rico e. the Virgin Islands

a. Hawaii

When the US captured the Philippines from Spain, a. Hawaii was annexed by the US b. America granted the Philippines its independence c. Spain asked for an end to the Spanish-American War d. Filipinos were granted American citizenship e. they did so without Filipino assistance

a. Hawaii was annexed by the US

Which of the following schools became a prominent scholarly academic institution for African-Americans in the late 1800s? a. Howard University b. Harvard University c. Tuskegee Institute d. the University of Chicago e. Temple University

a. Howard University

The Populist Party's presidential candidate in 1892 was a. James B. Weaver b. William Jennings Bryan c. Mary Elizabeth Lease d. Adlai Stevenson e. William "Coin" Harvey

a. James B. Weaver

The religious denomination that responded most favorably to the New Immigration was a. Roman Catholics b. Baptists c. Episcopalians d. Christian Scientists e. Mormons

a. Roman Catholics

In 1904, the Russo-Japanese War started because a. Russia seemed ready to take control of Chinese Manchuria b. the US refused to force Russia from Sakhalin Island c. Russia had forced Japan from China d. Russia feared growing Japanese power in the Pacific e. of racial tensions between Russians and Japanese

a. Russia seemed ready to take control of Chinese Manchuria

Construction of an isthmian canal was motivated mainly by a. a desire of improve the defense of the US b. the Panamanian Revolution c. continued volcanic activity in Nicaragua d. the British rejection of the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty e. American economic interests in Central America

a. a desire of improve the defense of the US

The white South viewed the Freedmen's Bureau as a. a meddlesome federal agency that threatened to upset white racial dominance b. an agency acceptable only because it also helped poor whites c. a valued partner in rebuilding the South d. more helpful in the North than the South e. a threat to state social service agencies

a. a meddlesome federal agency that threatened to upset white racial dominance

The 14th Amendment guaranteed a. citizenship of freed slaves b. land for former slaves c. freedom to slaves d. freed slaves the right to vote e. education to former slaves

a. citizenship of freed slaves

The 14th Amendment guaranteed a. citizenship to freed slaves b. land for former slaves c. freedom to slaves d. freed slaves the right to vote e. education to former slaves

a. citizenship to freed slaves

Which one of the following is least like the other three? a. closed shop b. lockout c. yellow dog contract d. blacklist

a. closed shop

Henry George argued that the unearned windfall profits of those who did not work for them should be a. confiscated by government taxation b. distributed to public works through private philanthropy c. saved and invested for the benefit of the community d. looked upon as the inevitable consequence of "the survival of the fittest" e. prevented through communal land ownership

a. confiscated by government taxation

Black leader Dr. WEB Du Bois a. demanded complete equality for African-Americans b. established an industrial school at Tuskegee, Alabama c. supported the goals of Booker T. Washington d. was an ex-slave who rose to fame e. none of the above

a. demanded complete equality for African-Americans

One of the main reasons that the Chinese came to the US was to a. dig for gold b. work on the East Coast c. replace the newly freed slaves in the South d. buy their own farms e. all of the above

a. dig for gold

The 1896 victory of William McKinley ushered in a long period of Republican dominance that was accompanied by a. diminishing voter participation in elections b. strengthening of party organizations c. greater concern over civil-service reform d. less concern for industrial regulation e. sharpened conflict between business and labor

a. diminishing voter participation in elections

Religious Modernists a. found ways to reconcile Christianity and Darwinism b. railed against the social philosophy of the social gospel movement c. tended to ignore evidence of social and economic injustice d. denounced the Christian Scientists and Salvation Army as "ungodly" e. sought to do away with the Bible

a. found ways to reconcile Christianity and Darwinism

America's initial Open Door policy was essentially an argument for a. free trade b. spheres of influence c. military occupation d. exclusive trade concessions e. the principle of self-determination

a. free trade

The Teller Amendment a. guaranteed the independence of Cuba b. made Cuba an American possession c. directed President McKinley to order American troops into Cuba d. appropriated funds to combat yellow fever in Cuba e. granted the US a base at Guantanamo Bay

a. guaranteed the independence of Cuba

During the building of the Panama Canal, all of the following difficulties were encountered except a. guerilla warfare waged by Panamanian rebels against the US b. labor troubles c. landslides d. poor sanitation e. yellow fever

a. guerilla warfare waged by Panamanian rebels against the US

The humanitarians who wanted to treat the Indians kindly a. had little respect for traditional Indian culture b. advocated allowing the Ghost Dance to continue c. opposed passage of the Dawes Act d. believed that Indians should not be forced to "walk the white man's way" e. advocated imporiving the reservation system

a. had little respect for traditional Indian culture

J. P. Morgan monitored his competition by placing officers of his bank on the boards of companies that he wanted to control. This method was known as a(n) a. interlocking dictorate b. trust c. vertical integration d. pool e. holding company

a. interlocking dictorate

In the late 19th century, those political candidates who campaigned by "waving the bloody shirt" were reminding voters a. of the "treason" of the Confederate Democrats during the Civil War b. that the Civil War had been caused by the election of a Republican president c. of the graft-filled "radical" regimes in the Reconstruction South d. that radical Republicans catered to freed slaves during Reconstruction e. of KKK violence against blacks

a. of the "treason" of the Confederate Democrats during the Civil War

Labor unions, Populists, and debtors saw in the brutal Pullman episode a. proof of an alliance between big business, the federal government, and the courts b. a strategy by which unites working-class could succeed c. the need for a socialist party in the US d. the potential of the federal government as a counterweight to big business e. the crucial role of middle class public opinion in labor conflicts

a. proof of an alliance between big business, the federal government, and the courts

In his 10% plan for Reconstruction, President Lincoln promised a. rapid readmission of Southern states into the Union b. former slaves the right to vote c. the restoration of the planter aristocracy to political power d. severe punishment of Southern political and military leaders e. a plan to allow 10% of blacks to vote

a. rapid readmission of Southern states into the Union

The Indians battled whites for all the following reasons except to a. rescue their women who had been exiled to Oklahoma b. avenge savage massacres of Indians by whites c. punish whites for breaking treaties d. defend their lands against white invaders e. preserve their nomadic way of life against forced settlement

a. rescue their women who had been exiled to Oklahoma

The Pendleton Act required appointees to public office to a. take a competitive examination b. present a written recommendation from a congressman or senator c. agree to make financial contributions to their political party d. pledge independence from either major political party e. have a college degree

a. take a competitive examination

In the late nineteenth century, tax benefits and cheap, nonunion labor attracted ______ manufacturing to the "new South" a. textile b. steel c. machine tool d. electrical appliance e. farm equipment

a. textile

One weapon that was used to put Boss Tweed, leader of NYC's infamous Tweed Ring, in jail was a. the cartoons of the political satirist Thomas Nast b. federal income tax evasion charges c. the RICO racketeering act d. NYC's ethics laws e. granting immunity to Tweed's cronies in exchange for testimony

a. the cartoons of the political satirist Thomas Nast

The controversy surrounding the Wade-Davis Bill and the readmission of the Confederate states to the Union demonstrated a. the deep differences between President Lincoln and Congress b. the close ties that were developing between President Lincoln and the Democrats c. President Lincoln's desire for a harsh reconstruction plan d. that a Congressional majority believed that the South had never legally left the Union e. the Republicans' fear of re-admitting Confederate leaders to Congress

a. the deep differences between President Lincoln and Congress

In the postwar South a. the economy was utterly devastated b. the emancipation of slaves had surprisingly little economic consequence c. the much-feared inflation never materialized d. industry and transportation were damaged, but Southern agriculture continued to flourish e. poorer whites benefited from the end of plantation slavery

a. the economy was utterly devastated

One problem with the Homestead Act was that a. public land was sold for revenue b. 160 acres were inadequate for productive farming on the rain-scarce Great Plains c. midwestern farmers had to give up raising livestock because of stiff competition with the West d. the railroads purchased most of this land e. it took several years to earn a profit from farming

b. 160 acres were inadequate for productive farming on the rain-scarce Great Plains

The Philippine nationalist who led the insurrection against both Spanish rule and US occupation was a. Valeriano Weyler b. Emilio Aguinaldo c. Dupuy de Lome d. Pasqual de Cervera e. Ramon Macapagal

b. Emilio Aguinaldo

The first federal regulatory agency designed to protect the public interest from business combinations was the a. Federal Trade Commission b. Interstate Commerce Commission c. Consumer Affairs Commission d. Federal Anti-Trust Commission e. Federal Communications Commission

b. Interstate Commerce Commission

The US gained a virtual right of intervention in Cuba in the a. insular cases b. Platt Amendment c. Teller Amendment d. Foraker Act e. Guantanamo Bay Treaty

b. Platt Amendment

Economic unrest and the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act led to the rise of the pro-silver leader a. Tom Watson b. William Jennings Bryan c. William McKinley d. J. Pierpont Morgan e. Adlai E. Stevenson

b. William Jennings Bryan

On the issue of the tariff, President Grover Cleveland a. supported high rates b. advocated a lower rate c. had no opinion d. followed the advice of his party e. favored tariffs on agricultural products

b. advocated a lower rate

As vice president, Andrew Johnson a. championed a strong federal government b. advocated states' rights c. was known as a heavy drinker d. was known for his ignorance e. had been insubordinate to President Lincoln

b. advocated states' rights

During the Gilded Age, the Democrats and the Republicans a. had few significant economic differences b. agreed on currency policy but not the tariff c. were separated by substantial differences in economic policy d. held similar views on all economic issues except for civil-service reform e. were divided speculation on mining stocks

b. agreed on currency policy but not the tariff

The battleship Maine was sunk by a. the Spanish b. an explosion on the ship c. Cuban rebels d. reporters working for William Randolph Hearst e. a mine planted by pro-Cuban Americans

b. an explosion on the ship

The mining frontier played a vital role in a. bringing law and order to the West b. attracting population to the West c. influencing the government to go off the gold standard d. ensuring that the mining industry would remain in the hands of independent, small operations e. forcing the Indians off the Great Plains

b. attracting population to the West

The Knights of Labor believed that republican traditions and institutions could be preserved from corrupt monopolists a. when Republicans were removed from office b. by strengthening the economic and political independence of the workers c. through the destruction of the American Federation of Labor d. by the development of strong craft unions e. by forming an independent political movement

b. by strengthening the economic and political independence of the workers

The legal codes that established the system of segregation were a. found only in the North b. called Jim Crow laws c. overturned by Plessy v. Ferguson d. undermined by the crop lien system e. passed during Reconstruction

b. called Jim Crow laws

US naval captain Alfred Thayer Mahan argued that a. free trade was essential to a nation's economic health b. control of the sea was the key to the US' world domination c. the US should continue its policy of isolationism d. an isthmian canal between the Atlantic and the Pacific was impossible e. the US should construct a fleet of battleships

b. control of the sea was the key to the US' world domination

The greatest achievements of the Freedmen's Bureau were a. in its distribution of land b. in education c. in the provision of food and clothing d. in helping people to find employment e. all of the above

b. education

The main purpose of the Black Codes was to a. guarantee freedom for the blacks b. ensure a stable labor supply c. allow blacks to marry d. prevent blacks from becoming sharecroppers e. create a system of justice for ex-slaves

b. ensure a stable labor supply

The gospel of wealth, which associated godliness with wealth a. relied on the sayings of Jesus b. inspired the wealthy to try to help the poor c. stimulated efforts to help minorities d. was opposed by most clergymen e. discouraged efforts to help the poor

b. inspired the wealthy to try to help the poor

The national government helped to finance transcontinental railroad construction in the late nineteenth century by providing railroad corporations with a. cash grants from new taxes b. land grants c. cash grants from higher tariffs d. reduced prices for iron and steel e. aid for construction of railroad stations

b. land grants

In the presidential election of 1868, Ulysses S. Grant a. transformed his personal popularity into a large majority in the popular vote b. owed his victory to the votes of former slaves c. gained his victory by winning the votes of the majority of whites d. demonstrated his political skill e. all of the above

b. owed his victory to the votes of former slaves

In post-Civil War America, Indians surrendered their lands only when they a. chose to migrate farther west b. received solemn promises from the government that they would be left alone and provided with supplies c. lost their mobility as the whites killed their horses d. were allowed to control the supply of food and other staples to the reservations e. traded land for rifles and blankets

b. received solemn promises from the government that they would be left alone and provided with supplies

One of the most significant aspects of the Interstate Commerce Act was that it a. revolutionized the business system b. represented the first large-scale attempt by the federal government to regulate business c. actually did nothing to control the abuses of big business d. failed to prohibit some of the worst abuses of big business, such as pools and rebates e. invoked the Constitution's interstate commerce clause

b. represented the first large-scale attempt by the federal government to regulate business

One reason for the extremely high voter turnouts and partisan fervor of the Gilded Age was a. the parties' differences over economic issues b. sharp ethnic and cultural differences in the membership of the two parties c. battles between Catholics and Lutherans d. differences over the issue of the civil service e. sectional tensions between the Northeast and Midwest

b. sharp ethnic and cultural differences in the membership of the two parties

One of the most important factors leading to an increased divorce rate in the late nineteenth century was the a. decline in farm income b. stresses of urban life c. emerging feminist movement d. passage of more liberal divorce laws e. decline of religious organizations

b. stresses of urban life

The Populist Party arose as the direct successor to a. the Greenback Labor Party b. the Farmers' Alliance c. the Silver Miners' Coalition d. the Liberal Republican Party e. the Grange

b. the Farmers' Alliance

As a result of the defeat of Captain William Fetterman's command, a. the government built new forts on the Bozeman Trail b. the Great Sioux Reservation was guaranteed to the Sioux tribes c. the Bozeman Trail was reopened d. white settlers abandoned the Dakota Territory e. the Sioux War came to an end

b. the Great Sioux Reservation was guaranteed to the Sioux tribes

In the Root-Takahira agreement of 1908, a. the Japanese government agreed to limit the number of Japanese immigrant laborers entering the US b. the US and Japan agreed to respect each other's territorial holdings in the Pacific c. the US agreed to accept a Japanese sphere of influence in China d. the Japanese agreed to accept the segregation of Japanese children in California schools in return for the US' recognition of Japanese control of Korea e. Japan agreed to accept US control of the Philippines in exchange for Japanese domination of Manchuria

b. the US and Japan agreed to respect each other's territorial holdings in the Pacific

The major factor in drawing country people off the farms and into the big cities was a. the development of the skyscraper b. the availability of industrial jobs c. the compact nature of those large communities d. the advent of new housing structures known as dumbbell tenements e. the lure of cultural excitement

b. the availability of industrial jobs

One cause of the panic that broke in 1873 was a. the reissuance of millions of dollars in greenbacks b. the construction of more factories than existing markets would bear c. an extremely high rate of inflation d. the formation of the Greenback Labor party e. excessive speculation in mining stocks

b. the construction of more factories than existing markets would bear

Radical congressional Reconstruction of the South finally ended when a. the South accepted the 13, 14, and 15th Amendments b. the last federal troops were removed in 1877 c. President Johnson was not reelected in 1868 d. the Supreme Court ruled in Ex parte Milligan that military tribunals could not try civilians e. blacks showed they could defend their rights

b. the last federal troops were removed in 1877

The 1889 Pan-American Conference resulted in a. settlement of the Venezuela boundary dispute b. the lowering of tariff barriers between participating nations c. arbitration of the Pribilof Island dispute d. worsened relations between the US and Latin American countries e. creation of the Organization of American States

b. the lowering of tariff barriers between participation nations

The US changed to standard time zones when a. Congress passed a law establishing this system b. the major rail lines decreed the division of the continent into four time zones so that they could keep schedules and avoid wrecks c. factories demanded standard time schedules d. long-distance telephones required standard time coordination e. all of the above

b. the major rail lines decreed the division of the continent into four time zones so that they could keep schedules and avoid wrecks

Teddy Roosevelt received the Republican vice-presidential nomination in 1900 mainly because a. his progressivism balanced McKinley's conservatism b. the nomination would remove him from the governorship of New York c. his presence on the ticket would appeal to western voters d. Mark Hanna supported his candidacy e. his personal warmth balanced McKinley's allofness

b. the nomination would remove him for the governorship of New York

The philosophy of pragmatism maintains that _____ is/are important. a. the logically correct formulation of a theory b. the practical consequences of an idea c. forgoing materialism in favor of high ideals d. how you think, not what you do e. knowledge is innate in the human mind

b. the practical consequences of an idea

The Compromise of 1877 resulted in a. a renewal of the Republican commitment to protect black civil rights in the South b. the withdrawal of federal troops from the South c. the election of a Democrat to the presidency d. passage of the Bland-Allison Silver Purchase Act e. a plan to build the first transcontinental railroad

b. the withdrawal of federal troops from the South

Most New Immigrants a. eventually returned to their country of origin b. tried to preserve their Old Country culture in America c. were subjected to stringent immigration restrictions d. were quickly assimilated into the mainstream of American life e. were converted to mainstream Protestantism

b. tried to preserve their Old Country culture in America

During the Spanish-American War, the entire Spanish fleet was destroyed at the Battle of a. Havana b. Santiago c. Guantanamo d. Samoa e. Manila Bay

b.Santiago

In the 1896 case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled that a. African-Americans could be denied the right to vote b. segregation was unconstitutional c. "separate but equal" facilities were constitutional d. the 14th Amendment did not apply to African-Americans e. literacy tests for voting were constitutional

c. "separate but equal" facilities were constitutional

The Democratic party nominee for president in 1896 was ______; the Republicans nominated ______; and the Populists endorsed _________. a. William McKinley; Mark Hanna; William Jennings Bryan b. William Jennings Bryan; William McKinley; James B. Weaver c. William Jennings Bryan; William McKinley; William Jennings Bryan d. Mark Hanna; William Jennings Bryan; William Jennings Bryan e. William Jennings Bryan; Teddy Roosevelt; William Jennings Bryan

c. William Jennings Bryan; William McKinley; William Jennings Bryan

Cities like Denver and San Francisco served as a major "safety valve" by providing a. a home for new immigrants b. recreational activities for its inhabitants c. a home for failed farmers and busted miners d. none of the above e. all of the above

c. a home for failed farmers and busted miners

President Cleveland rejected the effort to annex Hawaii because a. the islands were not particularly productive b. the US didn't have the naval power to protect the islands c. a majority of native Hawaiians opposed annexation to the US d. passage of the McKinley Tariff made Hawaiian sugar unprofitable e. the US would then have to establish military bases in Hawaii

c. a majority of native Hawaiians opposed annexation to the US

The fate of the Confederate leaders after 1865 was that a. most were jailed for an extended period of time b. several were executed for treason c. all were eventually pardoned d. none was ever allowed to hold political office again e. several went into exile in Brazil

c. all were eventually pardoned

The Dawes Severalty Act was designed to promote Indian a. prosperity b. annihilation c. assimilation d. culture e. education

c. assimilation

Americans offered growing support for a free public education system a. to combat the growing strength of Catholic parochial schools b. when the Chautauqua movement began to decline c. because they accepted the idea that a free government cannot function without educated citizens d. when private schools began to fold e. as a way to identifying an intellectual elite

c. because they accepted the idea that a free government cannot function without educated citizens

Which one of the following has the least in common with the other four? a. slums b. dumbbell tenements c. bedroom communities d. flophouses e. the "Lung Block"

c. bedroom communities

Freedom for Southern blacks at the end of the Civil War a. came with relative ease b. enabled large numbers to move to the big cities in the North c. came haltingly and unevenly in different parts of the conquered Confederacy d. was achieved without the use of Union soldiers e. was a source of considerable anxiety

c. came haltingly and unevenly in different parts of the conquered Confederacy

The "Gentlemen's Agreement" that Teddy Roosevelt worked out with the Japanese a. concluded the Russo-Japanese War b. helped him to win the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize c. caused Japan to halt the flow of laborers to America in return for the repeal of a racists school decree by the San Francisco School Board d. put a stop to the racist "yellow journalism" being practiced in the US e. restricted Japanese immigration to upper-class gentlemen

c. caused Japan to halt the flow of laborers to America in return for the repeal of a racists school decree by the San Francisco School Board

"Sooners" were settlers who "jumped the gun" to a. pan gold in California b. stake claims in the Comstock Lode in Nevada c. claim land in Oklahoma d. drive the first cattle to Montana and Wyoming e. grab town sites in the Dakotas

c. claim land in Oklahoma

Jacob Coxey and his "army" marched on Washington, DC, to a. demand a larger military budget b. protest the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act c. demand that the government relieve unemployment with a public works program d. try to promote a general strike of all workers e. demand the immediate payment of bonuses to Civil War veterans

c. demand that the government relieve unemployment with a public works program

Congress's impeachment of President Johnson and attempt to remove him from office were directly precipitated by his a. highly partisan "swing around the circle" in 1866 b. readmission of Southern states under his policies in 1866 c. dismissal of Secretary of War Stanton in 1867 d. advice to Southern states not to ratify the 14th Amendment e. veto of the Freedmen's Bureau bill

c. dismissal of Secretary of War Stanton in 1867

Early railroad owners formed "pools" in order to a. increase competition by establishing more companies b. water their stock c. divide business in a particular area and share profits d. choose the best workers e. avoid wasteful competition

c. divide business in a particular area and share profits

To provide workers with job security, reformers wanted to introduce all of the following except a. job protection b. wage protection c. establishment of a workers' political party d. temporary unemployment compensation e. safety and health codes

c. establishment of a workers' political party

The "Billion-Dollar Congress" quickly disposed of rising government surpluses by a. providing subsidies to wheat, corn, and cotton farmers b. building an expensive new steel navy c. expanding pensions for Civil War veterans d. cutting tariffs and other taxes e. increasing spending on railroads and other transportation projects

c. expanding pensions for Civil War veterans

The 1884 election contest between James G. Blaine and Grover Cleveland was noted for a. its emphasis on issues b. low voter turnout c. its personal attacks on the two candidates d. a landslide victory for the reform-minded Republicans e. its virtual tie in the electoral college

c. its personal attacks on the two candidates

The US' frequent intervention in the affairs of Latin American countries in the early 20th century a. established political stability in the area b. was appreciated in the region as an effective cloak of defense against European threats c. left a legacy of ill will and distrust of the US throughout Latin America d. departed from Theodore Roosevelt's big-stick diplomacy e. was intended to spread democracy to the region

c. left a legacy of ill will and distrust of the US throughout Latin America

When the US invaded Puerto Rico during the Spanish-American War, a. the army encountered stiff resistance from the Spanish b. the resulting battle ended the war c. most of the population greeted the invaders as liberating heroes d. the majority of the fighting occurred in the harbor at San Juan e. its intentions were to grant Puerto Rican independence

c. most of the population greeted the invaders as liberating heroes

Political corruption during Reconstruction was a. confined to the South b. located in the North c. present in both North and South d. present in all Southern states except South Carolina and Louisiana e. almost entirely conducted by blacks

c. present in both North and South

In 1867 Secretary of State Seward accomplished an enduring success in foreign relations for the Johnson administration when he a. commissioned the building of an all-new ironclad navy b. recognized the independent republic of Hawaii c. purchased Alaska from Russia d. called for American aid to republican rebels in Cuba e. recognized the new Dominion of Canada as an independent nation

c. purchased Alaska from Russia

The Credit Mobilier scandal involved a. public utility company bribes b. Bureau of Indian Affairs payoffs c. railroad construction kickbacks d. evasion of excise taxes on distilled liquor e. manipulating the Wall Street stock market

c. railroad construction kickbacks

The "Exodusters" westward move to Kansas faltered when a. they began migrating North b. the 15th Amendment was passed c. steamboat captains refused to transport them across the Mississippi d. they failed to receive the promised homesteads e. none of the above

c. steamboat captains refused to transport them across the Mississippi

The original purpose of the Grange was to a. get involved in politics b. support an inflationary monetary policy c. stimulate self-improvement through educational and social activities d. improve the farmers' collective plight e. support the Homestead law

c. stimulate self-improvement through educational and social activites

Late 19th century farmers believed that their difficulties stemmed primarily from a. low tariff rates b. overproduction c. the currency supply d. immigration laws e. the federal government

c. the currency supply

During the 1892 presidential election, large numbers of southern white farmers refused to desert the Democratic Party and support the Populist Party because a. they didn't think the Populists represented their political interests b. they weren't experiencing the same hard times as Midwestern farmers c. the history of racial division in the region made it hard to cooperate with blacks d. they believed that too many Populists were former Republicans e. they couldn't accept the Populists' call for government ownership of the railroads, telegraph, and telephones

c. the history of racial division i the region made it hard to cooperate with blacks

The political developments of the 1890s were largely shaped by a. the widespread prosperity and federal budget surpluses b. America's growing involvement in overseas conflicts c. the most severe and extended economic depression up to that time d. the growing black rebellion against segregation and racial oppression e. the deadlock among Republicans, Democrats, and Populists in Congress

c. the most severe and extended economic depression up to that time

One by-product of the development of the railroads was a. a scattering of the US population b. fewer big cities c. the movement of people to cities d. a reduction in immigration to the US e. a loss of population in the East

c. the movement of people to cities

A major problem faced by settlers on the Great Plains in the 1870s was a. the high price of land b. the low market value of grain c. the scarcity of water d. overcrowding e. the opposition of miners

c. the scarcity of water

Labor unrest in the 1870s and 1880s resulted in a. Congress's passing legislation supporting the formation of unions b. a ban on Irish immigration c. the use of federal troops during strikes d. congressional acts to ban strikes e. growing middle class support for labor

c. the use of federal troops during strikes

By 1900, American attitudes toward labor began to change as the public came to recognize the right of workers to bargain collectively and strike. Nevertheless, a. labor unions continued to decline in membership b. the American Federation of Labor failed to take advantage of the situation c. the vast majority of employers to right organized labor d. Congress declared the AFL illegal e. workers began to turn to the Socialist Party

c. the vast majority of employers to right organized labor

China's Boxer Rebellion was an attempt to a. overthrow the corrupt Chinese government b. establish American power in the Far East c. throw out or kill all foreigners d. destroy the Open Door policy e. restore traditional Chinese religion

c. throw out or kill all foreigners

When private railroad promoters asked the US government for subsidies to build their railroads, they gave all of the following reasons for their request except that it was a. too risky without government help b. too costly without government help c. too costly to move people in some areas without government help d. too unprofitable in some areas without government help e. impossible to serve military and postal needs without government help

c. too costly to move people in some areas without government help

In the 1866 congressional elections, a. President Johnson conducted a highly successful "swing around the circle" campaign tour b. radicals replaced moderates as the dominant faction in Congress c. voters endorsed the congressional approach to Reconstruction d. Republicans lost their majority control of Congress e. a number of white southern Republicans were elected

c. voters endorsed the congressional approach to Reconstruction

All of the following became possessions of the US under the provisions of the Treaty of Paris except a. Puerto Rico b. Guam c. the Philippine Islands d. Hawaii e. Manila

d. Hawaii

The sequence of presidential terms of the "forgettable presidents" of the Gilded Age (including Cleveland's two nonconsecutive terms) was a. Cleveland, Hayes, Harrison, Cleveland, Arthur, Garfield b. Garfield, Hayes, Harrison, Cleveland, Arthur, Cleveland c. Cleveland, Garfield, Arthur, Hayes, Harrison, Cleveland d. Hayes, Garfield, Arthur, Cleveland, Harrison, Cleveland e. Hayes, Garfield, Harrison, Cleveland, Arthur, Cleveland

d. Hayes, Garfield, Arthur, Cleveland, Harrison, Cleveland

The US entered the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty with ________, the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty with ______, and the Gentlemen's Agreement with ______. a. Panama; Britain; Britain b. Japan; Britain; Panama c. Britain; Britain; Japan d. Panama; Britain; Japan e. Panama; France; Britain

d. Panama; Britain; Japana

The 1st ex-Confederate state to ratify the 14th Amendment and thus be readmitted to the Union under congressional Reconstruction was a. Virginia b. Arkansas c. Louisiana d. Tennessee e. West Virginia

d. Tennessee

That the "talented tenth" of American blacks should lead the race to full social and political equality with whites was the view of a. George Washington Carver b. Booker T. Washington c. Ida B. Wells d. W. E. B. Du Bois e. Paul Laurence Dunbar

d. W. E. B. Du Bois

The tremendously rapid growth of American cities in the port-Civil War decades was a. uniquely American b. fueled by an agricultural system suffering from poor production levels c. attributable to the closing of the frontier d. a trend that affected Europe as well e. a result of natural reproduction

d. a trend that affected Europe as well

At the conclusion of the Civil War, Gen. Ulysses S. Grant a. refused gifts offered him by the American public b. proved that he was a sound judge of human character c. rejoined the Democratic party d. accepted gifts of houses and money from citizens e. ruled out running for office

d. accepted gifts of houses and money from citizens

By 1900, advocates of women's suffrage a. argued that women's biology gave them a fundamentally different character from men b. temporarily abandoned the movement for the vote c. formed strong alliances with African-Americans seeking voting rights d. argued that the vote would enable women to extend their roles as mothers and homemakers to the public world e. insisted on the inherent political and moral equality of men and women

d. argued that the vote would enable women to extend their roles as mothers and homemakers to the public world

To help corporations, the courts ingeniously interpreted the 14th Amendment, which was designed to protect the rights of ex-slaves, so as to a. help freedmen to work in factories b. incorporate big business c. allow the captains of industry to avoid paying taxes d. avoid corporate regulation by the states e. protect the civil rights of business people

d. avoid corporate regulation by the states

In 1865, Southern a. whites quickly admitted they had been wrong in trying to seceded and win Southern independence b. whites rapidly emancipated their slaves c. blacks uniformly turned in anger and revenge against their former masters d. blacks often began traveling to test their freedom, search for family members, and seek economic opportunity e. blacks looked to the federal government for help

d. blacks often began traveling to test their freedom, search for family members, and seek economic opportunity

President James A. Garfield was assassinated a. as a result of his service in the Civil War b. because he was a Stalwart Republican c. because he opposed civil-service reform d. by a deranged, disappointed office seeker e. by a political anarchist

d. by a deranged, disappointed office seeker

A " bird of passage" was an immigrant who a. came of the US to live permanently b. only passed through America on his or her way to Canada c. was unmarried d. came to America to work for a short time and then returned to Europe e. flew from job to job

d. came to America to work for a short time and then returned to Europe

Which of the following was not among the platform planks adopted by the Populist Party in their convention of 1892? a. government ownership of the railroads, telephone, and telegraph b. free and unlimited coinage of silver in the ratio of 16 to 1 c. a one-term limit on the presidency d. government guarantees of "parity prices" for farmers e. immigration restrictions

d. government guarantees of "parity prices" for farmers

As a leader of the African-Americans community, Booker T. Washington a. helped to found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People b. advocated social equality c. discovered hundreds of uses for the peanut d. grudgingly acquiesced to segregation e. promoted black political activism

d. grudgingly acquiesced to segregation

President Ulysses S. Grant was reelected in 1872 because a. the Democrats and Liberal Republicans could not decided on a single candidate b. he promised reforms in the political system c. he pleaded for a clasping of hands across "the bloody chasm" between the North and South d. his opponents chose a poor candidate for the presidency e. federal troops still controlled the South

d. his opponents chose a poor candidate for the presidency

Settlement houses such as Hull House engaged in all of the following activities except a. child care b. instruction in English c. cultural activities d. instruction in socialism e. social reform lobbying

d. instruction in socialism

American novel-writing turned from romanticism and transcendentalism to rugged realism as a result of the a. influence of Latin American literature b. impact of race relations c. higher educational level of the authors d. materialism of industrial society e. prominence of women writers

d. materialism of industrial society

As a vice-presidential candidate in 1900, Teddy Roosevelt appealed especially to a. the wealthy b. easterners c. conservative Republicans d. midwesterners e. former Populists

d. midwesterners

The subject of the 18th Amendment was a. income tax b. direct election of senators c. woman suffrage d. prohibition e. the poll tax

d. prohibition

The Sherman Anti-Trust Act was at first primarily used to curb the power of a. manufacturing corporations b. labor unions c. state legislatures d. railroad corporations e. banking syndicates

d. railroad corporations

The goals of the KKK included all of the following except to a. "keep blacks in their place"- that is, subservient to white b. prevent blacks from voting c. keep white "carpetbaggers" from voting d. support efforts to pass the Force Acts of 1870 and 1871, which would force blacks away from the polls e. end radical Reconstruction

d. support efforts to pass the Force Acts of 1870 and 1871, which would force blacks away from the polls

Historians critical of the captains of industry and capitalism concede that class-based protest has never been a powerful force in the US because a. most employers tried to treat their workers well b. few Europeans brought their political philosophies to the US c. the captains of industry did not allow protest to take root d. many Americans inherited fortunes e. America has greater social mobility than Europe has

e. America has greater social mobility than Europe has

The Philippine insurrection was finally broken in 1901 when a. American troops overwhelmed the Filipino rebels b. the islands were given their independence c. the Senate passed a resolution pledging eventual independence for the Philippines d. the Filipino resistance army splintered e. Emilio Aguinaldo, the Filipino leader, was captured

e. Emilio Aguinaldo, the Filipino leader, was captured

The incident that caused the clash between Congress and President Johnson to explode into the open was a. passage of the 13th Amendment b. the creation of the sharecropping system c. the attempt to pass the 14th Amendment d. the South's regaining control of the Senate e. Johnson's veto of the bill to extend the Freedmen's Bureau

e. Johnson's veto of the bill to extend the Freedmen's Bureau

America's first billion-collar corporation was a. General Electric b. Standard Oil c. American Telephone and Telegraph d. the Union Pacific Railroad e. US Steel

e. US Steel

The 1896 presidential election marked the last time that a. rural America would defeat urban America b. the South remained solid for the Democratic party c. a third party candidate had a serious chance at the White House d. factory workers would favor inflation e. a serious effort to win the White House would be made with mostly agrarian votes

e. a serious effort to win the White House would be made with mostly agrarian votes

In response to the Boxer Rebellion, the US a. refused to accept any indemnity for the losses that it incurred while putting down this uprising b. sent more American missionaries to China c. sent money but no troops to help a multinational contingent to crush the uprising d. became an East Asian power e. abandoned its time-honored principles of nonentanglement and noninvolvement

e. abandoned its time-honored principles of nonentanglement and noninvolvement

At the end of Reconstruction, Southern whites disenfranchised African-Americans with a. literacy requirements b. poll taxes c. economic intimidation d. grandfather clauses e. all of the above

e. all of the above

Which of the following internal developments in China resulted in Chinese immigration to the US? a. the disintegration of the Chinese Empire b. the seizure of farmland by landlords c. the intrusion of European powers d. internal political turmoil e. all of the above

e. all of the above

In President Andrew Johnson's view, the Freedmen's Bureau was a. a valuable agency b. acceptable only because it also helped poor whites c. supported by neither Northerners nor Southerners d. a potential source of Republican patronage jobs e. an agency that should be killed

e. an agency that should be killed

The presidential elections of the 1870s and 1880s a. were all won by the Republicans b. involved charismatic personalities c. were rarely close d. usually involved sharp partisan differences over issues like currency policy and civil-service reform e. aroused great interest among voters

e. aroused great interest among voters

In an attempt to persuade Spain to leave Cuba or to encourage the US to help Cuba to gain its independence, Cuban insurrectos a. attacked Spanish shipping b. blew up the battleship Maine c. made guerilla raids on Havana d. assassinated Spanish officials e. burned the cane fields and sugar mills

e. burned the cane fields and sugar mills

When he was president, Grover Cleveland's hands-off approach to government gained the support of a. Civil War prisoners b. the Great Army of the Republic c. farmers d. workers e. businesspeople

e. businesspeople

The Plains Indians were finally forced to surrender a. by their constant intertribal warfare b. when they settled on reservations c. after such famous leaders as Geronimo and Sitting Bull were killed d. when the army began using artillery against them e. by the virtual extermination of the buffalo

e. by the virtual extermination of the buffalo

Charles Darwin's theory of evolution a. was opposed by religious Modernists b. left open the question of human origins c. was attacked most bitterly by orator Colonel Robert Ingersoll d. helped to unite college teachers of biology in support of the theory of "survival of the fittest" e. cast serious doubt on a literal interpretation of the Bible

e. cast serious doubt on a literal interpretation of the Bible

That the Southern states were "conquered provinces" and therefore at the mercy of Congress for readmission to the Union was the view of a. War Democrats b. The Supreme Court c. President Lincoln d. President Johnson e. congressional Republicans

e. congressional Republicans

Booker T. Washington believed that the key to political and civil rights for African-Americans was a. the vote b. rigorous academic training c. the rejection of accommodationist attitudes d. to directly challenge white supremacy e. economic independence

e. economic independence

One of the methods by which post-Civil War business leaders increased their profits was a. increased competition b. support for the idea of a centrally planned economy c. funding research on new technologies d. elimination of the tactic of vertical integration e. elimination of as much competition as possible

e. elimination of as much competition as possible

Many feminist leaders were disappointed with the 14th Amendment because it a. did not free all the slaves b. failed to give women the right to serve on juries c. gave women but not former slaves the right to vote d. did not define what constituted equal national citizenship e. failed to give women the right to vote

e. failed to give women the right to vote

In the election of 1896, the major issue became a. restoration of protective tariffs b. enactment of an income tax c. government programs for those unemployed as a result of the depression d. the rights of farmers and industrial workers e. free and unlimited coinage of silver

e. free and unlimited coinage of silver

Both moderate and radical Republicans agreed that a. federal power must be used to bring about a social and economic revolution in the South b. blacks should be the foundation of the southern Republican Party c. the federal government must become involved in the individual lives of American citizens d. Southern states should quickly be readmitted into the Union e. freed slaves must be granted the right to vote

e. freed slaves must be granted the right to vote

The Morrill Act of 1862 a. established women's colleges like Vassar b. required compulsory school attendance through high school c. established the modern American research university d. mandated racial integration in public schools e. granted public lands to states to support higher education

e. granted public lands to states to support higher education

In the decades after the Civil War, most American farmers a. became attached to their family farms b. diversified their crops c. became increasingly self-sufficient d. saw their numbers grow as more people moved west e. grew a single cash crop

e. grew a single cash crop

American military strength during the Spanish-American War came mainly from a. its large army b. overwhleming European support c. battle-hardened army generals d. its efficient logistical support e. its new steel navy

e. its new steel navy

The Roosevelt Corollary added a new provision to the Monroe Doctrine that was specifically designed to a. enable the US to rule Puerto Rico and the Canal Zone b. stop European colonization in the Western Hemisphere c. restore cordial relations between the US and Latin American countries d. establish a friendly partnership with Britain so that it could join the US in policing Latin American affairs e. justify US intervention in the affairs of Latin American countries

e. justify US intervention in the affairs of Latin American countries

The Knights of Labor believed that conflict between capital and labor would disappear when a. the government owned the means of production b. labor controlled the government c. workers accepted the concept of craft unions d. business would understand the principles of social justice e. labor would own and operate businesses and industries

e. labor would own and operate businesses and industries

To assimilate Indians into American society, the Dawes Act did all of the following except a. dissolve many tribes as legal entities b. try to make rugged individualists of the Indians c. wipe out tribal ownership of land d. promise Indians US citizenship in 25 years e. outlaw the sacred Sun Dance

e. outlaw the sacred Sun Dance

The root cause of the American farmers' problem after 1880 was a. urban growth b. foreign competition c. the declining number of farms and farmers d. the shortage of farm machinery e. overproduction of agricultural goods

e. overproduction of agricultural goods

In the wake of anti-Chinese violence in California, the US Congress a. negotiated a restricted-immigration agreement with China b. did nothing, as it was California's problem c. banned the Kearneyites in San Francisco d. sent many Chinese back to their homeland e. passed a law prohibiting the immigration of Chinese laborers to America

e. passed a law prohibiting the immigration of Chinese laborers to America

To many Northerners, the Black Codes seemed to indicate that a. the rights of blacks were being protected b. the transition to black freedom would be difficult c. the Civil War had been worth the sacrifice d. presidential Reconstruction was working e. possibly the North had not really won the Civil War

e. possibly the North had not really won the Civil War

In several states, farmers helped to pass the "Granger Laws," which a. raised tariffs b. lowered mortgage interest rates c. allowed them to form producer and consumer cooperatives d. prohibited bankruptcy auctions e. regulated railroad rates

e. regulated railroad rates

During the age of industrialization, the South a. took full advantage of the new economic trends b. received preferential treatment from the railroads c. turned away from agriculture d. help to its "Old South" ideology e. remained overwhelmingly rural and agricultural

e. remained overwhelmingly rural and agricultural

Hawaii's Queen Liliuokalani was removed from power because a. she did not allow Christian missionaries in her country b. many Hawaiians found her rule corrupt c. Hawaiian agriculture had failed under her leadership d. President Cleveland believed that US national honor required control of the Hawaiian government e. she insisted that native Hawaiians should control Hawaii

e. she insisted that native Hawaiians should control Hawaii

The Farmers' Alliance was formed to a. provide help to northern farmers b. provide opportunities for higher education c. end the rise of tenant farming d. help landless farmers gain property e. take action to break the strangling grip of the railroads

e. take action to break the strangling grip of the railroads

According to the social gospel, a. workers should be content with their station in life b. the church should not concern itself in the social affairs of the world c. clergy should try to reach the socially prominent d. Christianity would replace socialism e. the lessons of Christianity should be applied to solve the problems manifest in slums and factories

e. the lessons of Christianity should be applied to solve the problems manifest in slums and factories

In the 1890s, positions for women as secretaries, department store clerks, and telephone operators were largely reserved for a. Jews b. Irish c. African-Americans d. the college-educated e. the native born

e. the native born

A major factor in the shift in American foreign policy toward imperialism in the late nineteenth century was a. the need for additional population b. the desire for more farmland c. the construction of an American-built isthmian canal between the Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean d. the closing of the frontier e. the need for overseas markets for increased industrial and agricultural production

e. the need for overseas markets for increased industrial and agricultural production

Most Italian immigrants to the US between 1180 and 1920 came to escape a. political oppression b. famine c. the political disintegration of their country d. the military draft e. the poverty and slow modernization of southern Italy

e. the poverty and slow modernization of southern Italy

Teddy Roosevelt wanted an isthmian canal constructed quickly because a. he feared that the French would build a competing canal b. it was essential to deploy a two-ocean navy immediately c. he wished to avoid the onset of a yellow fever epidemic d. a revolution in Panama was imminent e. the presidential election of 1904 was approaching

e. the presidential election of 1904 was approaching

One of the early symbols of the dawning era of consumerism in urban America was a. the development of factories b. the Sears catalog c. advertising billboards d. public transportation systems e. the rise of large department stores

e. the rise of large department stores

President Cleveland justified intervention in the Pullman strike of 1894 on the grounds that a. the unions' leader, Eugene V. Debs, was a socialist b. strikes against railroads were illegal c. the strikers were engaging in violent attacks on railroad property d. shutting down the railroads threatened American national security e. the strike was preventing the transit of US mail

e. the strike was preventing the transit of US mail

The buffalo were nearly exterminated a. as a result of being overhunted by the Indians b. by the trains racing across the Great Plains c. when their meat became valued in eastern markets d. by disease e. through wholesale butchery by whites

e. though wholesale butchery by whites

President Johnson's plan for Reconstruction a. differed radically from Lincoln's b. guaranteed former slaves the right to vote c. required that all former Confederate states ratify the 14th Amendment d. established literacy tests for voting in the South e. took away the right to vote from Confederate leaders and wealthy planters

e. took away the right to vote from Confederate leaders and wealthy planters

As a result of the Civil War, a. the population of the US declined b. political dishonesty grew while honesty in business rose c. the North developed a strong sense of moral superiority d. the great majority of political and business leaders became corrupt e. waste, extravagance, speculation, and graft reduced the moral stature of the Republic

e. waste, extravagance, speculation, and graft reduced the moral stature of the Republic

Teddy Roosevelt became involved i the peace settlement for the Russo-Japanese War a. on his own initiative b. as a way of enhancing America's position in East Asia c. when Russia asked for his assistance d. because he feared that the British might intervene and thus gain prestige e. when Japan secretly asked him to help

e. when Japan secretly asked him to help