Chapters 8-10 DHN 101

Which of the following statements is false?

Generally, young woman have more body water than young men

It is often difficult to determine the cause of underweight. Consider each of the following conditions and check all those that are known to contribute to underweight.

Having chronic diseases of the intestinal tract, such as inflammatory bowel disease

Some body fat is necessary for good health, but too much adipose tissue contributes to many chronic disorders. Read the following statements and check all that are true concerning the health-related effects of adipose tissue.

Having some extra body fat can provide an energy reserve that enables a very ill person to survive an extended illness.

According to his physician, Ryan has iron-deficiency anemia. The doctor recommended he eat iron-fortified cereal daily. Which of the following foods or beverages would be the best accompaniment for an iron-fortified cereal and why?

He should have a cup of orange juice with the iron-fortified cereal because vitamin C in orange juice increases iron absorption

Which of the following statements is false?

In the united states, milk is usually fortified with iodine

Vitamin b-12

Megaloblastic anemia and paralysis

Pellagra

Niacin

Which of the following statements is false?

Patients with pernicious anemia are treated with high doses of folic acid.

Which of the following populations has the highest risk of hypertension?

People with African-American ancestory

Niacin

Poor appetite, weakness, dermatitis, diarrhea, and abnormal mental functioning

Vitamin C

Poor wound healing, bleeding gums, and bruises

Which of the following statements is true?

Safety standards for bottled water are similar to those for tap water

Riboflavin

Weakness, inflammation of the mouth and tongue, and cracked skin at the corners of the mouth

Thiamin

Weakness, poor appetite, and poor muscular coordination

In food, vitamin b-12 is naturally bound to

animal protein

If calcium levels in the blood become too high, the thyroid gland secretes ______

calcitonin

As a result, _____ is released from bone and enters the bloodstream

calcium

Major minerals

calcium, potassium and sodium

Weight gain occurs when _______.

caloric intake consistently exceeds energy expenditure

Plants contain pigments called _____, some of which the body can convert to vitamin A

carotenoids

A person with a BMI of 20 would be considered in the _____ range

healthy

When you eat such foods, the _____ secreted by your ______ releases the vitamin from its bound state.

hydrochloric acid; stomach

The vitamin b-12 complex undergoes absorption in your _____

ileum

Vitamin K can be produced by

intestinal bacteria

If the extracellular fluid has an excess of sodium ions

intracellular fluid moves to the outside of the cells

In the united states, table salt is often fortified with _

iodine

Worldwide, the most common nutrient deficiency disorder is ___ deficiency

iron

_______ is a hormone that reduces hunger and inhibits fat storage in the body.

leptin

Major food sources of vitamin B-12 include

meat and milk products

Over time, this causes the folate-deficiency condition called _________ anemia.

megaloblastic

118/79 mm Hg

normal blood pressure

This hormone signals ____ to remove excess calcium for the bloodstream and build bone tissue

osteoblasts

This hormone signals ____ to tear down bone tissue

osteoclasts

Marissa's BMI is 26.9. According to this information, Marissa is in the ________ BMI range.

overweight

As a result of the folate deficiency, the blood's capacity to carry _______ is reduced.

oxygen

If blood calcium levels drop, the parathyroid glands secrete _______

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Diets that lack niacin can lead to

pellagra

The primary source of sodium in the typical american's diet is

salt

Despite promises made in advertisements for weight loss products, there is no quick way to lose excess body fat and maintain a healthy reduced body weight. Reliable approaches to weight loss include all of the following EXCEPT _______.

taking dietary supplements that contain raspberry ketones and grapefruit extracts

Negative energy balance occurs when _______.

the body needs more calories than the diet supplies

Enriched grain products have specific amounts of _____ added during processing

thiamin

_______ raises a person's metabolic rate.

thyroid hormone

Which of the following statements is true?

thyroid hormone levels influence BMR

_______ relies on the principle that lean tissue is denser than water.

underwater weighting

Samantha would like a quick and convenient way to determine whether her distribution of body fat is unhealthy. Based on this information, she should _______.

use a tape measure to determine her waist circumference

Which of the following foods has the lowest percentage of wateR?

vegetable oil

_______ fat deposits are in the omentum, which is under the abdominal muscles.

visceral

People who are unable to absorb fat are likely to develop a _____ deficiency

vitamin A

Beriberi

Thiamin

51-70 years RDA

Thiamin: 1.2 mg Vitamin D: 15 mcg Vitamin b-6: 1.7 mg

Rickets

Vitamin D

This particular condition is also a sign of pernicious anemia. Pernicious anemia, however, results from insufficient ________ intake.

Vitamin b-12

Scurvy

VitaminC

_______ cells are specialized to store fat.

adipose

Body mass index (BMI) is _______.

based on a relationship between weight and risk of chronic disease

Sources of heme iron include

beef

A pigment that can be converted to vitamin A is called provitamin A. The most potent form of provitamin A is _______, the orange-yellow pigment in carrots and other orange and yellow vegetables and fruits.

beta-carotene

possible essential minerals

boron, arsenic, and nickel

Basal metabolism includes energy needs for _______.

breathing and circulating blood

While in your _____, vitamin b-12 binds to _____, forming a vitamin complex

duodenum; intrinsic factor

125/ 75 mm Hg

elevated

143/85 mm Hg

hypertension stage 2

Other carotenoids include zeaxanthin and , which help maintain good eye health.

lutein

Megadoses of vitamins

may be toxic

The only sources of retinoids, also called ______ are animal foods, including liver and fish

preformed vitamin A

In cases of folate deficiency, cells that would normally mature into _____ cannot form DNA to divide and mature properly.

red blood cells

Trace minerals

zinc, copper, and iron

RDA for b-12 for a male between 19-30

2.4 mcg

A healthy body fat percentage for women is _______.

23-31%

The vitamin content of a vegetable can be affected by

All of the choices are correct

Pernicious anemia

Bitamin B-12

Neural tube defects

Folate

Recently a scientist identified a substance that she suspected was a vitamin required by humans. However, her colleagues doubted the substance was a vitamin. Check all of the statements that her colleagues would have made to support their point of view.

-The substance was not in commonly eaten foods -When the substance was heated, it's chemical structure broke down. - When a group of healthy people were given a few micrograms of the substance, they developed a rash, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Greatest amount of calcium to least

1. cup of plain, low-fat yogurt 2. cup of fat free-milk 3. 1 oz swiss cheese 4. cup boiled, frozen, drained kale 5. 1/2 cup light vanilla ice cream

Sylvia is a 25-year old pregnant female RDA for folate

600 mcg/d

Which of the following foods is not a rich source of provitamin A?

Beef

Camillia is iron deficient. Which of the following actions should she take to enhance her body's iron absorption? Check all that apply.

Consuming vitamin c-rich foods or supplement along with iron-containing plant foods Eating heme and nonheme iron foods

Which of the following practices may reduce your risk of cancer?

Eating fruits and vegetables

Night blindness

Vitamin A

Of the following medicinal uses of vitamin megadoses, which is the only one for which scientific research indicates there is some benefit?

Vitamin C to lessen symptoms of the common cold

1/1 points awarded Item Scored eBook Print References Item 9 Item 9 1 of 1 points awarded Item Scored Some dietary fat helps the body absorb fat-soluble nutrients, including the provitamin beta-carotene. Most fruits and vegetables that are good sources of beta-carotene are low in fat or fat-free. How can you enhance the body's absorption of beta-carotene when preparing low-fat foods that contain this provitamin?

you can add olive oil or margarine to vegetables after they are cooked.