Chapters 8-10 DHN 101
Which of the following statements is false?
Generally, young woman have more body water than young men
It is often difficult to determine the cause of underweight. Consider each of the following conditions and check all those that are known to contribute to underweight.
Having chronic diseases of the intestinal tract, such as inflammatory bowel disease
Some body fat is necessary for good health, but too much adipose tissue contributes to many chronic disorders. Read the following statements and check all that are true concerning the health-related effects of adipose tissue.
Having some extra body fat can provide an energy reserve that enables a very ill person to survive an extended illness.
According to his physician, Ryan has iron-deficiency anemia. The doctor recommended he eat iron-fortified cereal daily. Which of the following foods or beverages would be the best accompaniment for an iron-fortified cereal and why?
He should have a cup of orange juice with the iron-fortified cereal because vitamin C in orange juice increases iron absorption
Which of the following statements is false?
In the united states, milk is usually fortified with iodine
Vitamin b-12
Megaloblastic anemia and paralysis
Pellagra
Niacin
Which of the following statements is false?
Patients with pernicious anemia are treated with high doses of folic acid.
Which of the following populations has the highest risk of hypertension?
People with African-American ancestory
Niacin
Poor appetite, weakness, dermatitis, diarrhea, and abnormal mental functioning
Vitamin C
Poor wound healing, bleeding gums, and bruises
Which of the following statements is true?
Safety standards for bottled water are similar to those for tap water
Riboflavin
Weakness, inflammation of the mouth and tongue, and cracked skin at the corners of the mouth
Thiamin
Weakness, poor appetite, and poor muscular coordination
In food, vitamin b-12 is naturally bound to
animal protein
If calcium levels in the blood become too high, the thyroid gland secretes ______
calcitonin
As a result, _____ is released from bone and enters the bloodstream
calcium
Major minerals
calcium, potassium and sodium
Weight gain occurs when _______.
caloric intake consistently exceeds energy expenditure
Plants contain pigments called _____, some of which the body can convert to vitamin A
carotenoids
A person with a BMI of 20 would be considered in the _____ range
healthy
When you eat such foods, the _____ secreted by your ______ releases the vitamin from its bound state.
hydrochloric acid; stomach
The vitamin b-12 complex undergoes absorption in your _____
ileum
Vitamin K can be produced by
intestinal bacteria
If the extracellular fluid has an excess of sodium ions
intracellular fluid moves to the outside of the cells
In the united states, table salt is often fortified with _
iodine
Worldwide, the most common nutrient deficiency disorder is ___ deficiency
iron
_______ is a hormone that reduces hunger and inhibits fat storage in the body.
leptin
Major food sources of vitamin B-12 include
meat and milk products
Over time, this causes the folate-deficiency condition called _________ anemia.
megaloblastic
118/79 mm Hg
normal blood pressure
This hormone signals ____ to remove excess calcium for the bloodstream and build bone tissue
osteoblasts
This hormone signals ____ to tear down bone tissue
osteoclasts
Marissa's BMI is 26.9. According to this information, Marissa is in the ________ BMI range.
overweight
As a result of the folate deficiency, the blood's capacity to carry _______ is reduced.
oxygen
If blood calcium levels drop, the parathyroid glands secrete _______
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Diets that lack niacin can lead to
pellagra
The primary source of sodium in the typical american's diet is
salt
Despite promises made in advertisements for weight loss products, there is no quick way to lose excess body fat and maintain a healthy reduced body weight. Reliable approaches to weight loss include all of the following EXCEPT _______.
taking dietary supplements that contain raspberry ketones and grapefruit extracts
Negative energy balance occurs when _______.
the body needs more calories than the diet supplies
Enriched grain products have specific amounts of _____ added during processing
thiamin
_______ raises a person's metabolic rate.
thyroid hormone
Which of the following statements is true?
thyroid hormone levels influence BMR
_______ relies on the principle that lean tissue is denser than water.
underwater weighting
Samantha would like a quick and convenient way to determine whether her distribution of body fat is unhealthy. Based on this information, she should _______.
use a tape measure to determine her waist circumference
Which of the following foods has the lowest percentage of wateR?
vegetable oil
_______ fat deposits are in the omentum, which is under the abdominal muscles.
visceral
People who are unable to absorb fat are likely to develop a _____ deficiency
vitamin A
Beriberi
Thiamin
51-70 years RDA
Thiamin: 1.2 mg Vitamin D: 15 mcg Vitamin b-6: 1.7 mg
Rickets
Vitamin D
This particular condition is also a sign of pernicious anemia. Pernicious anemia, however, results from insufficient ________ intake.
Vitamin b-12
Scurvy
VitaminC
_______ cells are specialized to store fat.
adipose
Body mass index (BMI) is _______.
based on a relationship between weight and risk of chronic disease
Sources of heme iron include
beef
A pigment that can be converted to vitamin A is called provitamin A. The most potent form of provitamin A is _______, the orange-yellow pigment in carrots and other orange and yellow vegetables and fruits.
beta-carotene
possible essential minerals
boron, arsenic, and nickel
Basal metabolism includes energy needs for _______.
breathing and circulating blood
While in your _____, vitamin b-12 binds to _____, forming a vitamin complex
duodenum; intrinsic factor
125/ 75 mm Hg
elevated
143/85 mm Hg
hypertension stage 2
Other carotenoids include zeaxanthin and , which help maintain good eye health.
lutein
Megadoses of vitamins
may be toxic
The only sources of retinoids, also called ______ are animal foods, including liver and fish
preformed vitamin A
In cases of folate deficiency, cells that would normally mature into _____ cannot form DNA to divide and mature properly.
red blood cells
Trace minerals
zinc, copper, and iron
RDA for b-12 for a male between 19-30
2.4 mcg
A healthy body fat percentage for women is _______.
23-31%
The vitamin content of a vegetable can be affected by
All of the choices are correct
Pernicious anemia
Bitamin B-12
Neural tube defects
Folate
Recently a scientist identified a substance that she suspected was a vitamin required by humans. However, her colleagues doubted the substance was a vitamin. Check all of the statements that her colleagues would have made to support their point of view.
-The substance was not in commonly eaten foods -When the substance was heated, it's chemical structure broke down. - When a group of healthy people were given a few micrograms of the substance, they developed a rash, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Greatest amount of calcium to least
1. cup of plain, low-fat yogurt 2. cup of fat free-milk 3. 1 oz swiss cheese 4. cup boiled, frozen, drained kale 5. 1/2 cup light vanilla ice cream
Sylvia is a 25-year old pregnant female RDA for folate
600 mcg/d
Which of the following foods is not a rich source of provitamin A?
Beef
Camillia is iron deficient. Which of the following actions should she take to enhance her body's iron absorption? Check all that apply.
Consuming vitamin c-rich foods or supplement along with iron-containing plant foods Eating heme and nonheme iron foods
Which of the following practices may reduce your risk of cancer?
Eating fruits and vegetables
Night blindness
Vitamin A
Of the following medicinal uses of vitamin megadoses, which is the only one for which scientific research indicates there is some benefit?
Vitamin C to lessen symptoms of the common cold
1/1 points awarded Item Scored eBook Print References Item 9 Item 9 1 of 1 points awarded Item Scored Some dietary fat helps the body absorb fat-soluble nutrients, including the provitamin beta-carotene. Most fruits and vegetables that are good sources of beta-carotene are low in fat or fat-free. How can you enhance the body's absorption of beta-carotene when preparing low-fat foods that contain this provitamin?
you can add olive oil or margarine to vegetables after they are cooked.
