Chapters 9, 10, and 16 - Abnormal Psychology
What are the consequences of the judgment of not guilty by reason of insanity?
-All but 1 percent of those who receive this ruling are placed under supervision and care. -85 percent of those who receive this ruling will be placed in a mental hospital.
Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by which of the following?
-Deficits in social interactions and communications -Restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors and interests
Which of the following are features of schizotypal personality disorder?
-Difficulty in establishing relationships -Social isolation -Restricted range of emotions
One problem with the insanity defense is the disagreement among experts on which of the following points?
-Evaluation of the defendant's state of mind at the time the crimes was committed -Nature and causes of psychological disorders -Presence or absence of psychological disorder
How do female inmates differ from male inmates with respect to mental health needs?
-Females are more likely than males to have a history of sexual and physical abuse. -Females are more likely than males to be suffering from depression. -Females are more likely than males to be suffering from anxiety.
Eugene has been diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder. His therapist intends to focus on which of the following?
-Helping Eugene focus on objective evidence for his thoughts -Helping Eugene increase social contact -Assisting Eugene in social skills training -Group therapy for Eugene
Which of the following pertains to the doctrine that is reflected in the M'Naghten rule?
-Intention to commit an illegal act -Mens rea -Guilty mind
Which of the following are core features of personality?
-Interpersonal relationships -Sense of self -Meaning and purpose in life
The irresistible __________ rule argues that even if a person knew the act he or she was committing was wrong, the person could be absolved of responsibility for performing the act if he or she was irresistibly driven to perform the act or had diminished capacity to resist performing it.
-It did not require that defendants show they were incapacitated by their disorders. -It did not require that defendants show that they did not understand that their acts were illegal.
Which of the following are true about mental health courts?
-Judges divert offenders into rehabilitation. -Judges divert offenders into treatment. -Cases are reviewed by judges who specialize in working with mental health professionals.
Which of the following statements are true?
-Men with a mental disorder are four times more likely to be incarcerated than men without a disorder. -Women with a mental disorder are eight times more likely to be incarcerated than women without a disorder.
Which of the following are guidelines suggested by the American Law Institute regarding the insanity defense?
-People are not responsible for their behavior if mental disorder prevents them from appreciating the wrongfulness of their behavior. -People are not responsible for their behavior if mental disorder prevents them from conforming their conduct to the requirements of the law.
Which of the following are diagnostic criteria for a personality disorder in the DSM-5?
-Personality deviates markedly from cultural expectations. -Personality is inflexible and nonadaptive -Personality functioning is stable over time.
Which of the following are symptoms present in obsessive-compulsive personality disorder?
-Rigid attention to rules -Self-esteem that is based on work and productivity -Perfectionism and attention to detail
Which of the following show the differences between the Durham rule and the ALI rule?
-The ALI rule restricts the types of mental disorders that can contribute to a successful insanity defense. -The ALI rule requires some lack of appreciation of the criminality of an act. -The ALI rule is more restrictive.
Which of the following statements reflect the public's perception regarding people with mental disorders?
-The public wants more intervention with troubled youth, regardless of the feelings of the parents or the youths. -The public's perceptions are fueled by negative media coverage of violence by mentally ill people. -People with mental disorders are much more prone to violence than people without mental disorders.
Which of the following are consequences of competence judgments?
-The trial is postponed as long as it is felt that the client will become competent in the foreseeable future. -Incompetent clients who are wrongly judged competent may be wrongly convicted and incarcerated. -The client is forced to receive treatment to become competent.
Which of the following are specifics of the biological perspective of borderline personality disorder?
-There may be abnormalities in the amygdala. -There may be abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex. -There is high heritability.
Which of the following are accurate descriptions of the cognitive processes of people diagnosed with borderline personality disorder?
-They are hyperattentive to negative emotional stimulation -they have negatively biased interpretations of situations -their memories are more negatively valenced
Which of the following features are typical of individuals with narcissistic personality disorder?
-a belief that they are exceptional -a strong sense of entitlement -a belief that they are superior
The integrative model for understanding conduct disorders includes which factors?
-biological -cognitive -social
Which of the following are thought to be related to the development of borderline personality disorder?
-childhood neglect -parental psychopathology -childhood physical or sexual abuse
Which of the following are behavioral correlates with oppositional defiant disorder?
-disobedience -hostility -negativism
People who potentially meet the criteria for conduct and/or impulse control disorder are which of the following?
-disrespectful of other's feelings and/or property -cruel and known to behave unlawfully -frequently disobedient
Which of the following are features of psychoticism?
-eccentricity -unusual beliefs -odd perceptions
Which of the following are emotional specifics of borderline personality disorder?
-emotional instability -tendency to anger -bout of depression
The occurrence of antisocial behaviors in families is due to _____.
-genetic and environmental factors
Which of the following social factors are implicated in the development of conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder?
-having low socioeconomic status -living in urban areas
Which of the following are characteristics of borderline personality disorder?
-identity disturbances -frantic efforts to avoid abandonment -impulsive behaviors -feelings of emptiness
Which of the following characteristics fit the negative end of the personality trait referred to as disinhibition in the DSM-5 personality dimensions model?
-impulsive -irresponsible
Which of the following are impairments that result in incompetence to stand trial?
-inability to make good choices -Inability to think rationally about alternative courses of action -Inability to understand information
Theorists have identified borderline personality disorder as _____.
-involving fundamental deficits in emotional regulation
Which of the following are true of mentalization-based treatment for borderline personality disorder?
-it attempts to help patients appreciate alternative points of view -it is psychodynamically oriented
Which of the following is true of systems training for emotional predictability and problem solving (STEPPS)?
-it is a group intervention for those diagnosed with borderline personality disorder
Which of the following represent psychological explanations for borderline personality disorder?
-lack of emotional regulation -inability to withstand distress
Which of the following medications have been found to be most useful in treating borderline personality disorder?
-mood stabilizers -atypical antipsychotics
Which of the following classes of drugs are used to treat schizotypal personality disorder?
-neuroleptics -atypical antipsychotics -antidepressants
Which of the following occupations might appeal to Frank, a man with a diagnosis of avoidant personality disorder?
-night watchman -lighthouse keeper
Which of the following are features of negative affectivity in the DSM-5 personality dimensions?
-overreactive to stress -emotionally labile
Which of the following are the four categories of oddity in schizotypal personality disorder?
-paranoia/suspicious -ideas of reference -odd beliefs and magical thinking -illusions
Which of the following are factors related to relapse after cognitive-behavioral therapy for conduct disorder?
-parental psychopathy -history of parental drug abuse and alcoholism, poor parenting skills
In which of the following areas might someone with a specific learning disorder be diagnosed as having a deficit?
-reading -writing expression -mathematics
Which of the following best represent palilalia?
-repeating sounds over and over again -Saying the same word repeatedly
The MAOA gene is implicated in conduct disorder. It encodes an enzyme that metabolizes which of the following?
-serotonin --dopamine -norepinephrine
Amanda is controlling and rigid in her relationship with her husband, is a workaholic, and is perfectionistic. She was recently diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. What other qualities might Amanda have that fit with this diagnosis?
-she is rigid -she is concerned with order
Dr. Allison is a cognitive-behavioral therapist treating Anna for avoidant personality disorder. Which of the following treatment techniques would Dr. Allison be most likely to use?
-social skills training -challenges to negative automatic thoughts -graduated exposure to social settings
Which of the following are treatments for conduct and oppositional defiant disorders?
-social therapies -psychological therapies -medications
Which of the following activities do both boys and girls with conduct disorder engage in?
-substance abuse -stealing -lying
Which of the following are correct in regard to the prognosis for a person with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder?
-symptoms usually improve over time -a minority of those considered to be in remission relapse
Which of the following factors impact the development of antisocial behaviors?
-temperament -quality of parenting
Borderline personality disorder is very complicated to treat because _____.
-there are often comorbidities -there are often shifting symptoms -there are a variety of symptoms
Which of the following are features of histrionic personality disorder?
-unstable relationships -shifting emotions
Which of the following features are descriptors for the core personality dimension in the DSM-5 of detachment?
-withdrawn -avoidant -untrusting
According to twin studies,the heritability of dependent personality disorder is estimated to be ______.
0.81
Adolescent onset age conduct disorder can be diagnosed at which age or later?
10
What percent of people with diagnoses of borderline personality disorder die by suicide?
10%
Males are _____ times more likely than females to have life-course-persistent antisocial behavior.
10-15
Research has found that there is a _____ percent reduction in gray matter in the prefrontal cortex of the brain in men diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder.
11%
By what era had the Durham rule been dropped by most jurisdictions?
1970's
Elton and Ed are dizygotic twins. Elton has a criminal record. According to twin studies, what is the concordance rate that Ed also has a criminal record?
20%
Approximately _____ percent of children and adolescents exhibit behaviors serious enough for a diagnosis of conduct disorder.
3 to 7
According to one study, what percent of male inmates with severe psychological disorders received treatment while in jail?
37%
Ben and Len are monozygotic twins. Ben has an extensive criminal record. What is the concordance rate for Len to also be involved in criminal behavior?
50%
It is estimated that _____ percent of men in prison may be diagnosable with antisocial personality disorder.
50-80%
The prevalence rate of borderline personality disorder in the United States among adults is about __________ percent
6%
Which of the following is the approximate percentage of adults in the United States who could be diagnosed with borderline personality disorder?
6%
Which of the following statements are true about people who are acquitted after pleading the insanity defense?
66 percent are white. 90 percent are male.
What percent of people with diagnoses of borderline personality disorder attempt suicide?
75%
Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is the most prevalent personality disorder in the U.S. population with about _____ percent of the population meeting criteria for a diagnosis.
8%
The Supreme Court ruling in the O'Connor v. Donaldson case established which of the following?
A state cannot constitutionally confine a nondangerous individual who is capable of surviving safely in freedom.
Who of the following is most likely to be diagnosed with a personality disorder?
Ada, aged 30, a woman with lifelong interpersonal difficulties
Cutting, burning, and other self-mutilating gestures are considered common in someone with a diagnosis of ___________ personality disorder
Borderline
Which of the following is accurate?
Boys are more likely than girls to be diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder.
Which of the following people are most likely to be referred for competence evaluations?
Defendants who are poor Defendants with less education Defendants with a long history of psychiatric problems
Dennis has antisocial tendencies. He marries Luisa, who does not have those tendencies. What is most likely to occur?
Dennis will likely outgrow his antisocial tendencies
According to the ______ rule, a person is not criminally responsible if the "unlawful act was the product of mental disease or defect."
Durham
Which are contributors to antisocial personality disorder?
Factors similar to those associated with conduct disorder
Which of the following best describes a cognitive interpretation of children with conduct disorder?
Gene assumes that Larry deliberately broke his toy
Camden was tried and convicted of armed robbery. He committed the crime because he wanted to impress his neighbor who he thought would then love him. He was found guilty but mentally ill. He can expect which of the following to possibly happen?
He could go to prison, might not receive any treatment, or go into a mental hospital.
Joe should be judged incompetent to stand trial, according to his lawyer, because of which of the following reasons?
He is unhelpful in establishing the facts of his case. He is not involved in making decisions about his defense.
Which of the following strategies might be used by clinicians in treating people with antisocial personality disorder?
Helping them to gain control over anger
Anne, who had major depressive episodes and was perceived as a nuisance to her family, was hospitalized against her will in 1955. How was this able to happen?
Her family merely needed to show that there was a need for treatment for her to be hospitalized.
In the Hinckley trial, the jury decided that _____.
Hinckley's actions justified the insanity defense
Which of the following groups has the greatest likelihood of being diagnosed with borderline personality disorder?
Hispanics
Which of the following best fits Cleckley's notion of the "mask of sanity"?
Jeremy is a charming but manipulative businessman.
Jonah lives in Los Angeles and Ryan lives in a rural part of California. Which of these boys is statistically more likely to develop conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder?
Jonah
Which of the following children is more likely to develop a conduct disorder?
Jose, who is physically abused by his parents
It is difficult to judge if a person suffers from a severe psychological disorder at the time of the crime. This causes a major problem for the _____ rule.
M'Naghten
The ______ rule stated that an individual with a mental disorder could not know the difference between right and wrong and therefore could not be held accountable for a criminal act.
M'Naghten
What is the result of court-mandated treatment services for prison inmates?
Most do not receive treatment.
Which of the following is true of Tourette's disorder?
Multiple motor and one or more vocal tics are present.
The guilty but mentally ill (GBMI) verdict does which of the following?
Resembles a guilty verdict, eliminates the insanity defense, and fails to guarantee treatment.
Which of the following explains why an increasing number of women are pleading the insanity defense?
Society has become more aware of the plight of abused and battered women.
Which of the following are categories of communication disorders?
Speech disorderSocial communication disorderLanguage disorder
Which of the following results have been found in the use of stimulants with children with conduct disorder?
Stimulants are very effective in treating ADHD symptoms and are moderately effective in reducing aggression
Which of the following are family interventions for children with conduct disorders?
Teaching parents to reinforce desirable behaviors Assisting parents in controlling themselves Helping parents to improve their parenting skills
Which of the following explains why many mental health professionals have raised concerns about the rules used to determine the acceptability of the insanity defense?
These rules assume that most people have free will and usually can choose how they will act in any given situation.
According to research, which of the following reflect the public's attitudes regarding individuals with mental disorders and proneness to violence?
They are ready to use the legal system to force youth with mental disorders into treatment. They associate diagnoses of mental disorders in youth with dangerousness.
Which of the following are true of people with psychological disorders regarding treatment?
They often refuse treatment. They often do not recognize their need for treatment.
Which of the following is the best explanation of what research has found in regard to thinking patterns in antisocial behavior?
Thinking patterns are causes of antisocial behavior
Who of the following could not be diagnosed with intermittent explosive disorder?
Three-year-old Anna, who has temper tantrums and sometimes holds her breath Twenty-year-old Jeremy, who yells at the referee at his basketball games as a way to intimidate the ref and gain an advantage
Dan White's argument that he experienced diminished capacity due to extreme stress and consumption of large amounts of junk food when he assassinated Harvey Milk and San Francisco mayor George Moscone has became known as the "_____ Defense."
Twinkie
Competency to stand trial pertains to _____.
Whether defendants are aware of and are able to participate in criminal proceedings against them.
Research has shown that youth who were antisocial only in __________ were less likely to have a combination of biological and environmental risk factors
adolescence
Arthur has been diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder, and his therapist has told him he is a grandiose narcissist. What features does Arthur most likely display?
aggression, engages in violent acts, exploits others, grandiose fantasies
In addition to decreased volume in the prefrontal cortex, which other part of the brain appears to be abnormal in those with antisocial personality disorder?
amygdala
People with conduct disorder diagnoses show abnormalities in the _____ in response to emotional stimuli.
amygdala
The third dimension of the DSM-5 personality dimensions model is _____, which is anchored on the positive end by characteristics such as honesty, appropriate modesty, and concern for others, and at the negative end by characteristics such as deceitfulness, grandiosity, and callousness.
antagonism
Which of the following DSM-5 personality dimensions best describes Carl? He is deceitful, grandiose, and callous.
antagonism
According to the DSM-5, ___________ __________ disorder's key features are an impairment in the ability to form relationships with others, a tendency to violate social norms, and a focus on self-gratification
antisocial behavior
Children with diagnoses of conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder are most likely to have parents with a history of
antisocial behavior
Children with diagnoses of conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder are most likely to have parents with a history of ___________ __________
antisocial behavior
fearlessness is a component of ____________ ___________ disorder
antisocial personality
Research suggests that the public _____.
associates diagnoses of mental disorders in youth with dangerousness
the ___________ antipsychotics are sometimes used to reduce aggressiveness and self-injurious behaviors in people with intellectual disability disorder.
atypical
The medications that have been proven most useful in the treatment of borderline personality disorder are mood stabilizers and _____.
atypical antipsychotics
In the DSM-5, autism is classified as a(n) _____.
autism spectrum disorder
The cognitive theory of _______________ personality disorder is that a person with this diagnosis has developed dysfunctional beliefs about being worthless as a result of rejection by important others early in life.
avoidant
Shelley's roommate wonders why she never accepts any social invitations. The roommate has also noticed that Shelley is sensitive to rejection and often interprets innocent remarks as ridicule. The roommate knows Shelley has recently seen a psychologist and been diagnosed with _____.
avoidant personality disorder
Some theorists have suggested that some children with conduct disorders were difficult and demanding as ___________, suggesting that temperament may interact with parenting and environmental factors in leading to conduct disorder.
babies
Marissa killed her husband when she walked in on him having sexual relations with the beautiful redhead from next door. Her lawyer successfully argued that she was temporarily insane at the time of the murder. Marissa will probably _____.
be placed in a mental institution
___________ strategies that involve rewarding positive actions and reducing negative ones are often utilized in people diagnosed with intellectual disability disorder to better integrate them into the community.
behavioral
magical thinking
belief that other might know their thoughts
ideas of reference
belief that random events are related to them
Eduardo was adopted as a baby. His biological father is currently in prison. His adoptive parents are physicians. Statistically speaking, Eduardo's criminal tendencies will be more similar to those of _____.
biological father
What strategy can be employed to prevent relapse after cognitive-behavioral therapy for conduct disorder?
booster sessions
A person diagnosed with _______________ personality disorder might idealize someone at one time and then condemn them at a later time.
borderline
Alberta has just met her new therapist, and she says she adores him. When the therapist tells her that he has to change an appointment, she says he is the devil and she hates him. Which personality disorder does this scenario illustrate?
borderline
Cognitive processes of those diagnosed with _______________ personality disorder include hyperattentiveness to negative emotional stimuli in the environment and a focus on negative memories.
borderline
Cutting, burning, and other self-mutilating gestures are considered common in someone with a diagnosis of _________ personality disorder
borderline
Mentalization-based treatment is used for ____________ personality disorder
borderline
The STEPPS program is designed for people with _____________ personality disorder and combines cognitive and behavioral techniques
borderline
_____________ personality disorder is difficult to treat because of shifting symptoms, the variety of symptoms, and the fact that many people with this disorder also may have other mental disorders.
borderline
Angela has recently been diagnosed with a personality disorder. She has explained to her therapist that she does not get along with her family, has been married and divorced three times, feels empty most of the time, has a problem controlling her anger, is fearful of abandonment, and often spends money impulsively. What is the most likely personality disorder diagnosis for Angela?
borderline personality disorder
Dialectical behavior therapy is used in the treatment of _____.
borderline personality disorder
Emily has been hospitalized and diagnosed with a personality disorder. Her sister tells the clinician that Emily is moody, demanding, and reckless. She talks continuously about not knowing what to do in her life. When Emily is interviewed, she tells the clinician that she often engages in self-mutilating behavior. Which of the following disorders is Emily's most likely diagnosis?
borderline personality disorder
Transference-focused psychotherapy, which uses the client-clinician relationship as the framework for helping clients achieve greater understanding of their unconscious feelings and motives, is a treatment for _____.
borderline personality disorder
In terms of conduct disorder, who of the following are most likely to engage in stealing, lying, and substance abuse?
both boys and girls
If offenders who are diverted into community treatment do not cooperate with their treatment program, they _____.
can be diverted back into jail
Antisocial tendencies in most adults diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder begins when?
childhood
Children with conduct disorder are more likely than children without the disorder to have a history of ______.
childhood mistreatment
Ingrid is 7 years old and has shown behavioral problems ever since preschool. She consistently finds herself in trouble for having outbursts, pulling the hair of other children, and behaving defiantly with her teachers. Ingrid would be diagnosed with _____.
childhood-onset conduct disorder
Mental health courts are controversial, because they amount to __________ offenders into treatment
coercing
Children with conduct disorder tend to process social information in ways that promote aggressive interaction. This is an example of a(n) _____ factor in conduct disorder.
cognitive
Russell's therapist suggests that Russell, who has been diagnosed with avoidant personality disorder, developed dysfunctional beliefs about being worthless because he was rejected by others early in life. What is Russell's therapist's theoretical orientation?
cognitive
the first step in __________-__________ therapy in treating children with conduct disorder is to teach them to recognize situations that trigger anger or aggressive and impulsive behaviors.
cognitive behavior
____________-__________ treatments for intermittent explosive disorder have been shown to be effective in reducing hostile thinking and depressive symptoms.
cognitive behavioral
Madeleine has had legal problems because of her intermittent explosive disorder. Her therapist is helping her to reduce her anger and aggression by focusing on her tendency towards hostile ways of thinking. This is most likely _____ therapy.
cognitive-behavioral
__________-_________ therapy for antisocial behavior includes changing children's ways of interpreting interpersonal interactions and using self-talk to control impulsive behaviors.
cognitive-behavioral
the ________ disorders involve persistent difficulties in the acquisition and use of language and other means of interaction.
communication
Children with ______________ disorder have a chronic pattern of unconcern for the basic rights of other people
conduct
Imaging studies of brains of children diagnosed with _____ have shown abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex in areas responding to emotional stimuli.
conduct disorder
The behaviors of children with diagnoses of _____ fall into four categories: aggression to people and animals, serious violations of rules, property destruction, and deceitfulness or theft.
conduct disorder
One aspect of psychotherapy for people with diagnoses of antisocial personality disorder involves recognizing triggers for anger and impulsive behaviors and developing alternative _______________ strategies
coping
Children with conduct disorder show abnormal _____ levels both at rest and in response to a stressor.
cortisol
For people with higher rates of lifetime hospitalizations, _____.
court orders for outpatient care are more common
A condition in which a person suffers from recent memory loss, has a clouding of attention, is disoriented, and is unable to focus is _____.
delirium
the term _________ is a personality dimension that captures the extent to which people are appropriately outgoing and trusting of others or withdrawn, avoidant and untrusting.
detachment
_________________behavior therapy is one of the first therapies shown to work well with people diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. Listen to the complete question
dialectical
Which of the following are deficits in executive functioning that are typical in those with diagnoses of antisocial personality disorder?
difficulties in anticipation and planning, problems with goal formation, problems in self monitoring
The alternative model for diagnosing personality disorders appearing in the DSM-5 utilizes a _______ approach.
dimensional
A fourth core personality trait in the DSM-5 personality dimensions is _____, which ranges from tendencies to be responsible, organized, and cautious to tendencies to be impulsive, risk-taking, and irresponsible.
disinhibition
When people have fundamental deficits in who they are as people and in their ability to relate to others, they may be diagnosed with a personality _______________
disorder
This term applies to people who struggle to maintain their current socioeconomic status because of antisocial personality tendencies. Individuals may lose jobs, become impoverished, and lack access to key social support programs.
downward social drift
Children with conduct disorder diagnoses show less amygdala activity in response to _____.
emotional stimuli
_____ factors linked to learning disorders include lead poisoning, birth defects, sensory deprivation, and low socioeconomic group membership.
environmental
Most people with major NCD experience a loss of ___________ functions, those brain functions that involve planning and completing complex behaviors.
executive
People with antisocial personality disorder have ______________ function deficits in the brain. This means they have difficulties in setting goals, initiating purposive actions, anticipating and planning, and self-monitoring.
executive
The diagnosis of intermittent ___________ disorder is given to those over the age of 6 who engage in frequent impulsive acts of aggression.
explosive
The diagnosis of intermittent ______________ disorder is given to those over the age of 6 who engage in frequent impulsive acts of aggression.
explosive
True or false: A personality disorder could be diagnosed based solely on the fact that someone doesn't know where they are going in life.
false
True or false: Drug therapy is not typically used for people diagnosed with intellectual disability disorder.
false
True or false: Male and female inmates tend to have similar treatment needs while incarcerated.
false
True or false: One theory of intermittent explosive disorder is that the cause is an imbalance of endorphins.
false
True or false: The ALI rule is less restrictive than the Durham rule.
false
The _____ that has been seen in people with antisocial personality disorder is tied to low levels of arousability, as measured by a relatively low resting heart rate.
fearlessness
Which of the following are features of avoidant personality disorder?
feeling socially inferior, oversensitivity to criticism, and staying away from social encounters
People with occasional issues with conduct and/or impulse control _____.
generally are compassionate and aw abiding but occasionally defy authority
Abby's therapist and Abby have developed a hierarchy of social situations that range from not very threatening to very threatening. The therapist's strategy is to start with the least threatening and work up to assist Abby in not being so sensitive to rejection, to improve Abby's sense of worthiness, and to assist her in having more relationships with others. This is a description of using _____ _____ to treat Abby's diagnosis of avoidant personality disorder.
graduated exposure
A person high in ____________ narcissism views himself as superior, unique, and entitled.
grandiose
The subtype of the _____ narcissist copes with difficulties in self-esteem by viewing himself as superior and unique, and engaging in fantasies that involve him in famous or powerful situations.
grandiose
The _______ criterion requires that people be so incapacitated by a mental disorder that they cannot provide for their basic needs.
grave disability
The ____________ ____________ volume of the brain is reduced in males who have symptoms of antisocial personality disorder.
gray matter
A consistent pattern associated with self-_________ became apparent in treating borderline personality disorder
harm, destruction, mutilation, or injury
Children with conduct disorder have a lower ___________ rate when confronted with stress and, as a consequence, may be more willing to take risks
heart
Children with conduct disorder have a lower ______________ rate when confronted with stress and, as a consequence, may be more willing to take risks
heart
____________ personality disorder is difficult to treat because of shifting symptoms, the variety of symptoms, and the fact that many people with this disorder also may have other mental disorders.
high
Children diagnosed with conduct disorder are ______ to engage in violent and criminal behavior.
highly likely
Alicia has been diagnosed with a personality disorder. She has rapidly shifting emotions, unstable relationships, and is constantly seeking the attention of others. She does not engage in self-destructive behaviors, does not display angry outbursts to those close to her, nor does she particularly feel empty inside. Her best diagnosis would be ____________ personality disorder
histrionic
A characteristic of antisocial personality disorder is poor ____________ control, because people act
impulse
People who do not have an understanding of what is happening to them in a courtroom and who cannot participate in their defense are said to be _____.
incompetent to stand trial
The ______ defense is the argument a lawyer presents on behalf of the client that states that because of the existence of a mental disorder, the client should not be held legally responsible for criminal actions.
insanity
The fact that biological, social, and cognitive factors interact and contribute to antisocial behaviors is the basis for the _____.
integrative model
Civil commitment is _____.
involuntary hospitalization
U.S. legislatures modified the M'Naghten rule to take into account the possibility that some disturbed behaviors may result from people's inability to inhibit actions that they feel compelled to carry out. This was referred to as the _____ rule.
irresistible impulse
Lucy smoked cigarettes all through her pregnancy. As a result, her son, Josh, _____.
is more likely to develop antisocial behaviors
Which is true of the alternative dimensional model for diagnosing personality disorders used in the DSM-5?
it appears in a separate section designated for further study
Which of the following is true about the term insanity?
it is defined by the legal system
Cognitive-behavioral therapies for antisocial behaviors involve which of the following?
learning to take the perspectives of others, using self talk to control impulsive behaviors, changing family interaction patterns
People who develop antisocial tendencies in adolescence are _____ to have a combination of biological and environmental risk factors.
less likely
Children with intellectual disability are more likely to come from what kind of socioeconomic background?
low
chronically _________ ________ may be an uncomfortable state in those with diagnoses of antisocial personality disorder.
low arousal
Some states have developed _______ in which the cases of offenders with mental disorders are reviewed by judges who specialize in working with mental health professionals to divert offenders into treatment and rehabilitation.
mental health courts
Mentally ill men and _______ are equally likely to commit violent acts against others.
mentally ill women
_____ is one behavioral strategy that can be used with children diagnosed with intellectual disability disorder.
modeling
A prominent feature of those diagnosed with borderline personality disorder is greater ______________ variability
mood
Which of the following are associated with children diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder?
mood or anxiety disorders, conduct disorder, substance use disorders
Borderline personality disorder is _____.
more commonly diagnosed in people of color
Adoption studies find that the criminal records of adopted sons are _____.
more similar to the criminal record of their biological fathers
According to Travis's lawyer, he is incompetent to stand trial. Travis is unemployed, did not finish middle school, and is single. He _____.
most likely will be referred for a competence evaluation
Adam believes he is exceptional, should be treated as special, and is entitled to a promotion at work. He spends a considerable amount of time creating the right impression with people. His boss is getting a little tired of Adam's attempts to gain his approval and the approval of his co-workers. Adam saw a clinician several weeks ago and was diagnosed with a personality disorder. Which one is most likely?
narcissistic personality disorder
Before the 1950s, what was the minimal requirement to hospitalize people against their will and force them to undergo treatment?
need for treatment
A fundamental trait dimension describing the extent to which people are even-tempered and calm versus emotionally labile and overreactive to stress is described in the DSM-5 as _____.
negative affectivity
A major problem with the M'Naghten rule is that it requires a person to _____
not know right from wrong at the time of the crime
Marie went to see a therapist at her husband's insistence and was diagnosed with _____ personality disorder. She consistently told her husband that there was only one right way to fold socks, and she insisted that he do everything "the right way."
obsessive-compulsive
Karl is having problems at work. His boss is increasingly frustrated with his lack of timeliness in getting projects done, but Karl tells him that the reason he is slow is that he is perfect. Which of the following personality disorders is a possibility for Karl?
obsessive-compulsive disorder
Bryce regularly consults with his boss but is dismissive of his co-workers and the cleaning staff. He becomes very irritated if schedules are changed or things are out of order. He has recently been diagnosed with a personality disorder. Which one is most likely?
obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
The DSM-5 disorder of __________ ___________ disorder has criteria of chronic negativistic behavior, disobedience, and hostility.
oppositional defiant
Delinquent young men who marry young women with no history of conduct problems tend to ____________ their delinquent behaviors
outgrow
Craig has a neurocognitive disorder. When his father says "go to sleep," Craig says, "sleep, sleep, sleep, sleep, sleep, sleep, sleep." The term for this is _____.
palilalia
A person diagnosed with _______________ personality disorder is usually distrusting and suspicious, interprets others' motives as malevolent, and is always on the look out for evidence confirming their suspicions.
paranoid
Ellen is convinced that her husband is having an affair with a co-worker. Her suspicion is reinforced when the co-worker calls him. Ellen is also quite certain that her own boss is out to get her because she notices that he scowls when he talks to her. Which of the following personality disorders might be Ellen's diagnosis?
paranoid
the term ___________ describes suicidal gestures that are frequently made by a person with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder.
parasuicide
Which legal principle did New York City Mayor Ed Koch invoke in 1988 to force homeless people to be taken to mental health facilities?
parens patriae
Many psychosocial therapies for children with conduct disorder include ____________. particularly if the family dynamics support the children's behavior
parents
In response to the Hinckley case, Congress _____.
passed the Insanity Defense Reform Act
Which of the following qualities describe Cleckley and Hare's definition of a psychopath?
pathological lying, grandiosity, need for stimulation
A major reason that many clinicians do not think psychotherapy works well with people with diagnoses of antisocial personality disorder is _____.
people with this diagnosis do not generally take personal responsibility
Which of the following is not descriptive of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder?
people with this disorder have dysfunctional beliefs about being worthless
Males are 10 to 15 times more likely than females to have life-course-___________ antisocial behavior
persistent
the concept of ________________ includes a self-identity, how we relate to other people, and our sense of meaning and purpose in life.
personality
In the DSM-IV-TR, autism was classified as a(n) _____.
persuasive development disorder
Which of the following poor parenting practices are implicated in the development of antisocial behaviors?
physical abuse, uninvolved parenting, hostile interactions
Which task would be challenging for people with impaired executive functions?
planning and cooking a meal
Neuroimaging research has found abnormalities in the ________________ cortex of the brain in patients with borderline personality disorder
prefrontal
Neuroimaging studies of children with conduct disorder diagnoses show abnormalities in the functioning areas of the ______________ cortex involved in responding to emotional stimuli.
prefrontal
It is estimated that 50 to 80 percent of men and about 20 percent of women in _________ may be diagnosable with antisocial personality disorder.
prison
Which psychological perspective has the belief that early childhood experiences, specifically those that involve trauma or neglect and insecure attachment of the child, play an important role in the development of borderline personality disorder?
psychodynamic
Dr. Fraser says that narcissism results from a failure to develop a realistically positive view of the self in childhood. Dr. Fraser is reflecting the _____.
psychodynamic perspective
A _______________-oriented theorist views the origins of the narcissistic personality disorder as residing in the fact that people with it do not develop a realistic or positive view of themselves in childhood, so they rely on praise and domination of others for their self-esteem in adulthood.
psychodynamically
Ted Bundy would be considered a _________ according to Cleckley and Hare's definition, because he was superficially charming, had a grandiose sense of self-worth and a need for stimulation, and was a pathological liar and manipulative.
psychopath or sociopath
The most consistently recognized disorders as "diseases of the mind" have been ______.
psychotic disorders
People high on the dimension of _____ have highly unusual beliefs and perceptions and tend to be quite eccentric.
psychoticism
One big difference between a person diagnosed with schizophrenia and a person diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder is that the person diagnosed with the personality disorder maintains contact with ________________
reality
Cleckley's mask of _____________" refers to the idea that "successful" psychopaths are better able to maintain an outward appearance of normality.
sanity
A person diagnosed with ___________________ personality disorder demonstrates a restricted range of emotional expression in interpersonal interactions and a pervasive pattern of detachment.
schizoid
Cheryl has a boyfriend but, when she talks about him, she talks as if he were an object. There is no emotional expression and no pleasure from their interactions. If Cheryl were to be diagnosed with a personality disorder, it would most likely be _____.
schizoid personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder is related to ______________
schizophrenia
People with a diagnosis of _____ personality disorder show symptoms similar to schizophrenia but in milder form.
schizotypal
Strategies commonly used in the treatment of _____ personality disorder include social skills training, increasing social contacts, and teaching clients to look for objective evidence for their thoughts.
schizotypal
Which of the following personality disorders is related to schizophrenia?
schizotypal personality disorder
Lewy body disease is the ______ most common type of progressive neurocognitive disorder.
second
illusions
seeing people in wallpaper patterns
A type of delirium found in intensive care and cardiac care units, called ICU/CCU psychosis, is a result of _________ __________
sensory isolation
Children and adolescents with a history of which disorder appear to be more prone to developing dependent personality disorder?
separation anxiety disorder
Children with diagnoses of conduct disorder engage in _____ transgressions of social norms.
serious
Children diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder are ______ other children to develop conduct disorder.
serious violations of rules, aggression to people and animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft
______________ has been identified as an important neurotransmitter contributing to violent behaviors in conduct disorder.
serontonin
One theory of intermittent explosive disorder is that impulsive aggressive behavior is caused by imbalances in the neurotransmitter
serotonin
Which of the following is a crucial neurotransmitter implicated in violent behavior?
serotonin
__________ baby syndrome involves bleeding in and around the brain or behind the eyes, which can lead to seizures, partial or total blindness, paralysis, intellectual development disorder, or death.
shaken
Which is an example of a neutral act that someone might undertake in the search for stimulation?
skydiving
The prefrontal cortex in adults with antisocial personality disorder is _____.
smaller than normal
boys whose mothers ___________ during pregnancy are 2.6 times more likely to develop oppositional behavior in early childhood
smoke
Families that experience downward ____________ drift are often in poverty because they are unable to get good jobs and their socioeconomic status declines.
social
Marie has a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder. When she first saw her therapist, she immediately liked her, talked about her to everyone, and could not wait for her next session. When the therapist advised her that she would be relocating and it would be necessary to transfer her to a different therapist, Marie flew into a rage and told the therapist that she hated her and hoped she died. This is an example of _____.
splitting
The term ______________ is used in the psychological profession to describe the way that people with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder relate to others. This means that their preoccupation with feelings of love for the object of their desire and attention can easily turn to extreme rage and hatred when the love object rejects them.
splitting
Research has found that _____ are highly effective in relieving ADHD symptoms and moderately effective in reducing aggression in children with conduct disorder.
stimulants
A ___________ is sudden damage to an area of the brain due to the blockage of blood flow or to bleeding.
stroke
The term parasuicide describes _____.
suicidal gestures
paranoia
suspiciousness
Which of the following is the first step in cognitive-behavior therapy in treating children with conduct disorder diagnoses?
teaching children to recognize triggers to anger and aggression
Which of the following are key features of antisocial personality disorder as defined by the DSM-5?
tendency to engage in violation of social norms, impairment in ability to form positive relationships, focus on gratifying personal desires
Schizotypal personality disorder is usually treated with _____.
the same medications that are used in treating schizophrenia
Fragile X syndrome is caused by
the tip of the X chromosome breaking off
According to research, the likelihood that former patients who had a diagnosis of a major mental disorder would commit a violent act was related to _____.
their specific diagnosis and their history of substance abuse
Which of the following is true in terms of gender differences in obsessive-compulsive disorder?
there are no gender differences
Which of the following most accurately represents treatment for conduct and oppositional defiant disorder?
these disorders can be treated with psychological, social, and medical treatments
Which of the following are true of people high in vulnerable narcissism?
they are more sensitive to rejection, they are hypersensitive to criticism, they are more likely to feel shame
Which of the following best describes a person with a diagnosis of schizotypal personality disorder?
they have basic contact with reality
Research has shown that changing aggressive children's __________ patterns can reduce their aggressive behaviors
thinking, cognitive, or thought
Boys are _____ times more likely than girls to be diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder.
three
Which of the following pertain to poor impulse control found in those with diagnoses of antisocial personality disorder?
thrill seeking, taking chances, easily bored
Which of the following is a treatment for borderline personality disorder that uses the client-clinician relationship as the framework for helping clients achieve greater understanding of their unconscious feelings and motives?
transference-focused psychotherapy
The landmark legal case of Wyatt v. Stickney resulted in the right to ______ for the mentally ill.
treatment
Down syndrome is also known as _____.
trisomy 21
True or false: Court ordered treatment is more likely to occur with people who have had recent police encounters.
true
True or false: In the Swartz et al. study, patients who were involuntarily committed to a psychiatric facility ended up having fewer hospitalizations than individuals with similar conditions who were receiving treatment voluntarily.
true
True or false: In the past, mental patients were often warehoused in state run facilities with appalling conditions and denied treatment for their disorder.
true
True or false: One of the greatest challenges in treating people with diagnoses of antisocial personality disorder is that they don't believe that they need treatment.
true
True or false: The increase in incarceration rates beginning in the 1980's disproportionately impacts lower-income and ethnic minority individuals.
true
True or false: The symptoms of those diagnosed with borderline personality disorder improve over time.
true
mental health law ______
vary from region to region
