A&P 1 Final

Skeletal remains are discovered at an archeological site. X-rays of the femur show evidence of a thin epiphyseal plate. This bone likely belonged to which of the following?

18 year old male

what is the ratio of fatty acids to glycerol in triglycerides (neutral fats)

3:1

the central (haversian) canal that runs through the core of each osteon is the site of

blood vessels and nerve fibers

Ossification (Osteogenesis) is the process of ________.

bone formation

connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membrane that acts as cushions in place where friction develops are called

bursae

in the epiphseal plate, cartilage grows

by pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysis

Myocardium must rhythmically contract for a lifetime. This requires a considerable amount of energy production by the cells. You would expect to see a relatively high amount of which organelle in these cells? a. lysosomes b.smooth Er c. mitochondria d. cytoskeleton

c

The myocardium undergoes a significant amount of physical stress due to its contractions. you would expect to see relatively large numbers of which of the following embedded within their plasma membrane? a. transport proteins b. tight junctions c. desmosomes d. glycolipids

c

carbohydrates and proteins are built up from their basic building blocks by the a. addition of a water molecule between each 2 units b. addition of a carbon atom between each 2 units c. removal of a water molecule between each 2 units

c

the anatomical position is characterized by all of the following except a. body erect b. arms at sides c. palms turned posteriorly d. thumbs pointed laterally

c

the major regions of a hair shaft include all of the following except a. medulla b. cortex c. arrector pili muscle d. cuticle

c

which of the following is not found in cartilage but is found in bone? a. living cells b. lacunae c. blood vessels d. organic fibers

c

which of the following is not true about proteins? a. they may be denatured or coagulated by heat or acidity b. some types are called enzymes c. they appear to be the molecular carriers of the coded hereditary info d. their function depends on the 3d shape

c

anatomical position is important bc

it allows a common point of reference for body position to help communicate anatomical relationships

pigment which contribute to skin color include all of the following except

keratin

What structure in skeletal muscle cells functions in calcium storage?

sarcoplasmic reticulum

the epithelial membrane that lines the closed ventral cavities of the body

serous membrane

Inability to absorb digested nutrients and secrete mucus might indicate a disorder in which tissue?

simple columnar

which of the following epithelia forms the walls of the air sacs across which gas exchange occurs in the lungs

simple squamous

Which muscle cells have the greatest ability to regenerate?

smooth

a fracture resulting in excessive twisting forces. common in sports injuries.

spiral

myoglobin

stores oxygen in muscle cells

while preforming a dissection, the students noticed that the veins were closer to the skin than the arteries. therefore, the veins were to the arteries.

superficical

Fibrous joints are classified as ________.

sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses

A joint united by fibrocartilaginous tissue that usually permits a slight degree of movement is a ________.

symphysis

which of the following are cartilaginous joints

synchondroses

ribosome

synthesizes proteins

this type of hair is found on your eyebrow and scalp. at puberty, it is also found in your axillary and pubic region

terminal

Despite its apparent durability, the dermis is subject to tearing. How might a person know that the dermis has been stretched and/or torn?

the appearance of visible, silvery-white scars is an indication of stretching of the dermis

what is the structural unit of compact bone

the osteon

An example of an interosseus fibrous joint is ________.

the radius and ulna along its length

wolff's law is concerned with

the thickness and shape of a bone being dependent on stresses placed upon it

spongy bone contains

trabeculae

the plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions is the

transverse

A contraction in which the muscle does not shorten but its tension increases is called isometric. t/f

true

Although there are no sarcomeres, smooth muscle still possesses thick and thin filaments. t/f

true

Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue.

true

Each consecutive bone lamella has collagen fibers that wrap in alternating directions. t/f

true

Glucose is an example of a monosaccharide t/f

true

Peristalsis is characteristic of smooth muscle. t/f

true

The skin cancer most likely to metastasize is cancer of the melanocytes.

true

apoptosis is programmed cell death cancer ells do not undergo this process. t/f

true

synovial fluid is a viscous material that is derived by filtration from blood. t/f

true

the lower the ph the higher the hydrogen ion concentration. t/f

true

What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo?

hyaline cartilage

A red blood cell would swell if its surroundings solution were a. Hypotonic b. hypertonic c. Isotonic

a

helps prevent molecules from passing through the extracellular space between adjacent cells. a. tight junctions b. gap junctions c. desmosomes d. glucolipids

a

which of these is not considered connective tissue a. muscle b. adipose c. blood d. cartilage

a

Melanocytes and keratinocytes work together in protecting the skin from UV damage when keratinocytes ________.

accumulate the melanin granules on their superficial portion, forming a UV-blocking pigment layer

in the classification of joints, which of the following is true

all synovial joints are freely moveable

The process of bones increasing in thickness is known as ________.

appositional growth

synarthrotic joints

are immovable joints

Which of the following would stop the transport of glucose through this transport protein? a. increasing the concentration of glucose outside of the cell b. stopping the activity of the sodium potassium pump c. increased the number of digestive enzymes in digestive tract d. lowering the energy of activation

b

if a cell is non-selectively engulfing samples of extracellular fluid, for example to absorb nutrients it will likely utilize a. phagocytosis b. pinocytosis c. receptor-mediated endocytosis d. exocytosis

b

which of the following would not be a constituent of a plasma membrane a. glycolipids b. messenger RNA c. glycoproteins d. phospholipids

b

the 4 elements that make up about 96% of body weight are

carbon oxygen hydrogen nitrogen

the fiber type that gives connective tissue great tensile strength is

collagen

which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system

communication

bone fracture resulting in broken skin were the bone may protrude out

compound

The process of discharging particles from inside a cell to the outside is called a. endocytosis b. pinocytosis c. phagocytosis d. exocytosis

d

carrier proteins or channel proteins a. are selective b. are saturable; rate is determined by number of carriers or channels c. can be regulated in terms of activity and quantity d. all of the above

d

flexure lines are a. dermal folds at or near joints b. visible on hands, wrists, fingers, soles, toes c. found on the reticular layer d. all of the above

d

in general, the lipids that we refer to as oils have a. a high water content b. long fatty acid chains c. saturated fatty acids d. unsaturated fatty acids

d

which of the following is incorrectly matched a. amino acids; proteins b. monosaccharide; carbohydrate c. nucleotide; nucleic acid d. eicosanoid; triglyceride

d

which property of water is demonstrated when we sweat

high heat of vaporization

A fracture in the shaft of a bone would be a break in the ________.

diaphysis

Sudoriferous (sweat) glands are categorized as two distinct types. Which of the following are the two types of sweat glands?

eccrine and apocrine

Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as ________.

endocrine

which structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length until early childhood

epiphyseal plate

A substance received or given off by your body will likely pass through which tissue type?

epithelial tissue

A motor neuron and all the muscle cells that it stimulates are referred to as a motor end plate. t/f

false

All joints permit some degree of movement, even if very slight.

false

Merocrine glands produce their secretions by accumulating their secretions internally and then rupturing the cell.

false

epithelial cells contain both blood vessels and nerve fibers

false

in striated muscle, the I band corresponds to the dark band. t/f

false

the term dipoe refers to the fact that most bones are formed of 2 types of bone tissue. t/f

false

when an individual is exposed to extremely cold air the dermal blood vessels will dilate so that more blood will be brought closer to the outside surface of the skin. t/f

false

Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of ________.

fat

the pubic symphysis connects the two hip bones anteriorly and provides a little movement during childbirth. choose the most appropriate tissue for this structure that is subjected to both pressure and stretch

fibrocartilage

which of the following is not one of the functions of the skin

gives the body its overall shape, loss of this function can be seen with the drooping of skin with age

tooth in socket joint is classified as

gomphosis

An incomplete fracture or cracking of the bone without actual separation of the parts. Common in children.

greenstick

what are the 3 main components of connective tissue

ground substance, fibers, and cells

the thoracic cavity contains the . it is found to the vertebral cavity.

heart and lungs, anterior

the parietal pleura would represent a serous membrane

linning the thoracic cavity

At an archeological site you discover a bone that is cylindrical in shape, about one inch long and a quarter of an inch wide. Choose the correct classification.

long

cyanosis occurs bc of

low oxygenation of hemoglobin

the white crescent portion of the nail is called

lunule

the word cervical pertains to what region of the body?

neck

what are the most important factors influencing hair growth

nutrition and hormones

The cell responsible for secreting the matrix of bone is the ________.

osteoblast

the primary blast cell for bone is the

osteoblast

Bones are constantly undergoing resorption for various reasons. Which of the following cells accomplishes this process?

osteoclast

Select the bone disorder in which bone resorption outpaces bone deposit, leaving the person with thin and often very fragile bones?

osteoporosis

Which layer of the dermis is responsible for producing fingerprint patterns?

papillary

Which hormone increases osteoclast activity to release more calcium ions into the bloodstream?

parathyroid hormone

the periosteum is secured to the underlying bone by

perforating (sharpey's) fibers

it is wise to study anatomy alongside with physiology bc

physiology is only explainable in terms of the underlying anatomy

the term refers to internal organs while the term refers to body cavity walls

visceral and parietal