A&P 1 Final
Skeletal remains are discovered at an archeological site. X-rays of the femur show evidence of a thin epiphyseal plate. This bone likely belonged to which of the following?
18 year old male
what is the ratio of fatty acids to glycerol in triglycerides (neutral fats)
3:1
the central (haversian) canal that runs through the core of each osteon is the site of
blood vessels and nerve fibers
Ossification (Osteogenesis) is the process of ________.
bone formation
connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membrane that acts as cushions in place where friction develops are called
bursae
in the epiphseal plate, cartilage grows
by pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysis
Myocardium must rhythmically contract for a lifetime. This requires a considerable amount of energy production by the cells. You would expect to see a relatively high amount of which organelle in these cells? a. lysosomes b.smooth Er c. mitochondria d. cytoskeleton
c
The myocardium undergoes a significant amount of physical stress due to its contractions. you would expect to see relatively large numbers of which of the following embedded within their plasma membrane? a. transport proteins b. tight junctions c. desmosomes d. glycolipids
c
carbohydrates and proteins are built up from their basic building blocks by the a. addition of a water molecule between each 2 units b. addition of a carbon atom between each 2 units c. removal of a water molecule between each 2 units
c
the anatomical position is characterized by all of the following except a. body erect b. arms at sides c. palms turned posteriorly d. thumbs pointed laterally
c
the major regions of a hair shaft include all of the following except a. medulla b. cortex c. arrector pili muscle d. cuticle
c
which of the following is not found in cartilage but is found in bone? a. living cells b. lacunae c. blood vessels d. organic fibers
c
which of the following is not true about proteins? a. they may be denatured or coagulated by heat or acidity b. some types are called enzymes c. they appear to be the molecular carriers of the coded hereditary info d. their function depends on the 3d shape
c
anatomical position is important bc
it allows a common point of reference for body position to help communicate anatomical relationships
pigment which contribute to skin color include all of the following except
keratin
What structure in skeletal muscle cells functions in calcium storage?
sarcoplasmic reticulum
the epithelial membrane that lines the closed ventral cavities of the body
serous membrane
Inability to absorb digested nutrients and secrete mucus might indicate a disorder in which tissue?
simple columnar
which of the following epithelia forms the walls of the air sacs across which gas exchange occurs in the lungs
simple squamous
Which muscle cells have the greatest ability to regenerate?
smooth
a fracture resulting in excessive twisting forces. common in sports injuries.
spiral
myoglobin
stores oxygen in muscle cells
while preforming a dissection, the students noticed that the veins were closer to the skin than the arteries. therefore, the veins were to the arteries.
superficical
Fibrous joints are classified as ________.
sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses
A joint united by fibrocartilaginous tissue that usually permits a slight degree of movement is a ________.
symphysis
which of the following are cartilaginous joints
synchondroses
ribosome
synthesizes proteins
this type of hair is found on your eyebrow and scalp. at puberty, it is also found in your axillary and pubic region
terminal
Despite its apparent durability, the dermis is subject to tearing. How might a person know that the dermis has been stretched and/or torn?
the appearance of visible, silvery-white scars is an indication of stretching of the dermis
what is the structural unit of compact bone
the osteon
An example of an interosseus fibrous joint is ________.
the radius and ulna along its length
wolff's law is concerned with
the thickness and shape of a bone being dependent on stresses placed upon it
spongy bone contains
trabeculae
the plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions is the
transverse
A contraction in which the muscle does not shorten but its tension increases is called isometric. t/f
true
Although there are no sarcomeres, smooth muscle still possesses thick and thin filaments. t/f
true
Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue.
true
Each consecutive bone lamella has collagen fibers that wrap in alternating directions. t/f
true
Glucose is an example of a monosaccharide t/f
true
Peristalsis is characteristic of smooth muscle. t/f
true
The skin cancer most likely to metastasize is cancer of the melanocytes.
true
apoptosis is programmed cell death cancer ells do not undergo this process. t/f
true
synovial fluid is a viscous material that is derived by filtration from blood. t/f
true
the lower the ph the higher the hydrogen ion concentration. t/f
true
What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo?
hyaline cartilage
A red blood cell would swell if its surroundings solution were a. Hypotonic b. hypertonic c. Isotonic
a
helps prevent molecules from passing through the extracellular space between adjacent cells. a. tight junctions b. gap junctions c. desmosomes d. glucolipids
a
which of these is not considered connective tissue a. muscle b. adipose c. blood d. cartilage
a
Melanocytes and keratinocytes work together in protecting the skin from UV damage when keratinocytes ________.
accumulate the melanin granules on their superficial portion, forming a UV-blocking pigment layer
in the classification of joints, which of the following is true
all synovial joints are freely moveable
The process of bones increasing in thickness is known as ________.
appositional growth
synarthrotic joints
are immovable joints
Which of the following would stop the transport of glucose through this transport protein? a. increasing the concentration of glucose outside of the cell b. stopping the activity of the sodium potassium pump c. increased the number of digestive enzymes in digestive tract d. lowering the energy of activation
b
if a cell is non-selectively engulfing samples of extracellular fluid, for example to absorb nutrients it will likely utilize a. phagocytosis b. pinocytosis c. receptor-mediated endocytosis d. exocytosis
b
which of the following would not be a constituent of a plasma membrane a. glycolipids b. messenger RNA c. glycoproteins d. phospholipids
b
the 4 elements that make up about 96% of body weight are
carbon oxygen hydrogen nitrogen
the fiber type that gives connective tissue great tensile strength is
collagen
which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system
communication
bone fracture resulting in broken skin were the bone may protrude out
compound
The process of discharging particles from inside a cell to the outside is called a. endocytosis b. pinocytosis c. phagocytosis d. exocytosis
d
carrier proteins or channel proteins a. are selective b. are saturable; rate is determined by number of carriers or channels c. can be regulated in terms of activity and quantity d. all of the above
d
flexure lines are a. dermal folds at or near joints b. visible on hands, wrists, fingers, soles, toes c. found on the reticular layer d. all of the above
d
in general, the lipids that we refer to as oils have a. a high water content b. long fatty acid chains c. saturated fatty acids d. unsaturated fatty acids
d
which of the following is incorrectly matched a. amino acids; proteins b. monosaccharide; carbohydrate c. nucleotide; nucleic acid d. eicosanoid; triglyceride
d
which property of water is demonstrated when we sweat
high heat of vaporization
A fracture in the shaft of a bone would be a break in the ________.
diaphysis
Sudoriferous (sweat) glands are categorized as two distinct types. Which of the following are the two types of sweat glands?
eccrine and apocrine
Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as ________.
endocrine
which structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length until early childhood
epiphyseal plate
A substance received or given off by your body will likely pass through which tissue type?
epithelial tissue
A motor neuron and all the muscle cells that it stimulates are referred to as a motor end plate. t/f
false
All joints permit some degree of movement, even if very slight.
false
Merocrine glands produce their secretions by accumulating their secretions internally and then rupturing the cell.
false
epithelial cells contain both blood vessels and nerve fibers
false
in striated muscle, the I band corresponds to the dark band. t/f
false
the term dipoe refers to the fact that most bones are formed of 2 types of bone tissue. t/f
false
when an individual is exposed to extremely cold air the dermal blood vessels will dilate so that more blood will be brought closer to the outside surface of the skin. t/f
false
Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of ________.
fat
the pubic symphysis connects the two hip bones anteriorly and provides a little movement during childbirth. choose the most appropriate tissue for this structure that is subjected to both pressure and stretch
fibrocartilage
which of the following is not one of the functions of the skin
gives the body its overall shape, loss of this function can be seen with the drooping of skin with age
tooth in socket joint is classified as
gomphosis
An incomplete fracture or cracking of the bone without actual separation of the parts. Common in children.
greenstick
what are the 3 main components of connective tissue
ground substance, fibers, and cells
the thoracic cavity contains the . it is found to the vertebral cavity.
heart and lungs, anterior
the parietal pleura would represent a serous membrane
linning the thoracic cavity
At an archeological site you discover a bone that is cylindrical in shape, about one inch long and a quarter of an inch wide. Choose the correct classification.
long
cyanosis occurs bc of
low oxygenation of hemoglobin
the white crescent portion of the nail is called
lunule
the word cervical pertains to what region of the body?
neck
what are the most important factors influencing hair growth
nutrition and hormones
The cell responsible for secreting the matrix of bone is the ________.
osteoblast
the primary blast cell for bone is the
osteoblast
Bones are constantly undergoing resorption for various reasons. Which of the following cells accomplishes this process?
osteoclast
Select the bone disorder in which bone resorption outpaces bone deposit, leaving the person with thin and often very fragile bones?
osteoporosis
Which layer of the dermis is responsible for producing fingerprint patterns?
papillary
Which hormone increases osteoclast activity to release more calcium ions into the bloodstream?
parathyroid hormone
the periosteum is secured to the underlying bone by
perforating (sharpey's) fibers
it is wise to study anatomy alongside with physiology bc
physiology is only explainable in terms of the underlying anatomy
the term refers to internal organs while the term refers to body cavity walls
visceral and parietal