chem 100

According to the Food & Nutrition Board, carbohydrates should provide __________% to _______ of total calories in the diet

45% to 65%

What percent of calories should come from carbohydrates?

45-65%

Type 1 diabetes

A form of diabetes characterized by total insulin deficiency due to destruction of insulin-producing cells of the pancreas

What macronutrients provide 4 kilocalories per gram?

Carbohydrates

The primary function of glycogen is to store glucose for later use. Glycogen is stored in the liver and

Muscles

Gestational diabetes

Occurs in some pregnant women and resolves after the delivery of the baby

Which type of carbohydrate is formed by linking many glucose units together?

Polysaccharides

True or False: The primary function of carbohydrates in the body is to provide energy

True

which of the following statements about fiber are true?

adds bulk to feces is a complex carbohydrate a substance found in plants

What is a digestible straight-chain type of starch composed of glucose units called?

amylose

Rank each of the following foods based on carbohydrate content, from highest (top) to lowest (bottom)

baked potato, medium fat free milk, 1 cup 1 egg, large

A whole grain is defined as a grain that contains the whole grain seed or kernel. The three components of a grain seed or kernel include the

bran endosperm germ

Which of the following are major sources of added sugars in American diets?

cakes and cookies dairy desserts soft drinks

primary lactose maldigestion

chronically decreased production of lactase with no apparent cause; may cause abdominal pain, gas, and diarrhea after consumption of large quantities of lactose

Several well-controlled studies found that sugar in the diet ______ affect children's behavior

did not

The individual forms of fiber are not each listed on a food label. Instead, they are grouped together as

dietary fiber

true or false: dietary fiber includes indigestible plant and animal materials

false

true or false: fermentable fiber is a fiber that is not easily metabolized by intestinal bacteria

false

Which monosaccharide is commonly found as a component in fruit?

fructose

Name the major monosaccharide found in the body.

glucose

Which monosaccharides are components of the milk and sugar lactose? Select two

glucose galactose

The advantage of the branched structure of ____ is that is allows multiple enzymes to attach to its structure and break apart quickly

glycogen

High fructose corn syrup is widely used in food processing because

it has better shelf-stability than sugar it is less expensive than sugar

Name the disaccharide that is also known as "milk sugar"

lactose

Is milk a natural source of sucrose?

no

What is a fiber that is not easily metabolized by intestinal bacteria called?

nonfermentable fiber

examples of functional fiber include

polydextrose resistent starch inulin

Fiber is a type of

polysaccharide

_____, a type of functional fiber, include a group of short-chain carbohydrates or oligosaccharides, resistant to human digestion but fermented by bacteria in the colon

prebiotics

______ are carbohydrates that are not well digested by human enzymes, but they can be fermented by beneficial bacteria in the large intestine

prebiotics

Which of the following are some benefits of including some insoluble fiber in the diet?

reduces constipation reduces transit time of feces

_______ fiber is readily fermented by bacteria in the large intestine

soluble

Apples, bananas, oat products, and beans are good sources of

soluble fiber

What are some natural food sources of sucrose?

sugar beets and maple sugar

Type 2 diabetes

the form of diabetes characterized by insulin resistance and is often associated with diabetes

True or false" the liver and muscles are the major storage sites for glycogen

true

True or false: because of its branched structure that can be broken down quickly, glycogen is an ideal storage form of carbohydrate in the body

true

True or false: both fiber and start are types of polysaccharides

true

true or false: soluble fibers are fermented by bacteria in the large intestine

true

true or false: the main function of glucose is to provide the body with a source of fuel

true

What is the approximate carbohydrate content of eggs, chicken, butter, and margarine?

zero

What macronutrient provides 9 kilocalories per gram?

Fat

Glycogen is a branched structure comprised of many _____ units bonded together.

Glucose

secondary lactose maldigestion

Temporarily decreased production of lactase due to a specific cause, such as an intestinal virus; may cause abdominal pain, gas, and diarrhea after consumption of large quantities of lactose