CHEM 100 EXAM 3

1. The alcoholic solution produced by fermentation can be distilled by heating in a still. The compounds with ______ boiling points evaporate first and so the distillate contains a ______ concentration of ethanol than the liquid left behind.

Lower; Greater

1. Which of the following options correctly describe "n" in any polymerization reaction? Select all that apply. See the accompanying equation for a representation of a general polymerization reaction

"n" indicates the number of molecules of monomer that react. "n" specifies the length of the polymer.

Which of the functional groups shown joins all the monomers in a polyester?

0=C-O-C

1. Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen with the hydrogen and oxygen in a _____ ratio. Carbohydrate molecules are usually built of _____ containing carbon atoms and an oxygen atom.

2:1 Rings

how many bonds do each have C H O N

4 1 2 3

1. A pharmaceutical is correctly defined as _________

A substance intended to prevent, moderate, or cure illness

40. A drug that contains either an amine group or a carboxylic ________ can be made more water soluble by neutralizing it and forming a(n)______

Acid; salt/ion

1. Which two functional groups are condensed to form a polyester?

Alcohol Carboxylic Acid

Which of the following correctly describe how a receptor shows selectivity for a particular substrate or group of substrates?

Amino acids in a protein receptor are positioned correctly to bind to certain functional groups on the substrate The shape of the substrate molecule matches the shape of the receptor binding site

Food Use

Appropriate use of food based on knowledge of basic nutrition and care as well as adequate water and sanitation

Which of the following is/are considered municipal solid waste (MSW)?

Banana peel; Grass clippings; old microwave

A thermoplastic polymer _____.

Can be melted and reshaped with heat

Which of the following are natural polymers

Cellulose & Proteins

1. Polymers that are formed by a combination of functional groups such that a small molecule (e.g., water) is eliminated are known as ______ polymers.

Condensation

1. Which system of land management for planting crops is considered the most favorable for productivity and soil quality in modern farming?.

Crop rotation with different types of crap each year

Which of the following options correctly describe eco-friendly polymers?

Eco-friendly polymers are made from materials such as wood, cotton, starch, and sugar. Eco-friendly polymer waste decomposes easily. Eco-friendly polymers have been used in automobile parts.

1. Many reactions are reversible and will achieve chemical __________ which is the point at which a balance of products and reactants is reached.

Equilibrium

1. What name is given to an atom or group of atoms within a molecule that is largely responsible for the properties and reactivity of the molecule?

Functional Group

1. Excess glucose is polymerized to ___________ with the help of insulin in the body.

Glycogen

How does food production impact global water supply and quality

Groundwater may be contaminated by insecticides Irrigation may deplete auqifers Water is polluted with excess nutrients such as nitrates due to fertilizer runoff

Which of the following options correctly describe the physical properties of HDPE?

HDPE is stronger than LDPE. HDPE is more rigid than LDPE.

Compared to UV, IR, and visible radiation, microwave radiation ______.

Has lower energy causes molecules to rotate than breaking bonds.

1. Food Availability

Having sufficient quantities of food available on a consistent basis

Food Access

Having sufficient resources to obtain appropriate foods for a nutrition diet

1. Which property is characteristic of HDPE in comparison to LDPE?

Higher Rigidity

Which of the following substances are sweeter than pure glucose?

Honey Fructose table sugar

1. Ethylene is the smallest member in the family of _____ containing a carbon-carbon _____ bond.

Hydrocarbons; Double

1. The intermolecular attractions between water molecules are relatively strong, so that water requires a significant input of energy to overcome these attractions and change phase. Water is said to have a high __________ heat.

Latent

1. Our bodies can synthesize almost all fatty acids from the foods we eat. The exceptions are _____ and _____ acids.

Linoleic ; linolenic

Which of the following options correctly describe micronutrients?

Micronutrients are substance that are essential to life Vitamins are micronutrients Micronutrients are substances that are required in miniscule amounts

Which of the following options correctly describe how a microwave cooks food?

Microwaves allow heat to be generated by friction as the molecules in the food move more rapidly. Microwave radiation causes molecules to rotate and bump into eachother more frequently

1. The root of the word monomer means _____.

ONE UNIT

Which of the following options correctly describe compounds that are optical isomers?

Optical isomers are mirror images of each other. Optical isomers differ in their interaction with polarized light. Optical isomers have the same molecular formula.

1. Match each polymer correctly with the monomer used to make it.

PE - Ethylene PVC - Vinyl Chloride PS0 - Styrene PP - Proplene PETE - Ethylene Glycol, Terephthalic Acid

1. The bond between one amino acid and another (shown) is called a(n) _____ bond. This type of bond is an example of the _____ functional group.

PEPTIDE; Amine

Which of the following are examples of shifting baselines?

People in technological cultures no longer remember life without electric lighting The internet is accepted as a normal way of life

1. The primary raw material used to synthesize polymers is

Petroleum

1. The three-dimensional arrangement of atoms or groups of atoms responsible for the biological activity of a drug molecule is called the _____ of the drug.

Pharmacophore

Which of the following statements correctly describe/define the word plastic

Plastic is sometimes used a synonym for synthetic polymer. Plastic is both an adjective and a noun.

1. _____ are the major components of hair, skin, and muscle in the body.

Proteins

Which of the following options correctly describe proteins?

Proteins are polyamides. Proteins are constructed from amino acid monomers Proteins are polymers

Which of the following options correctly describe the functions of proteins in the human body?

Proteins are the main component of hair. Proteins are a major component of muscle. Many hormones are proteins.

1. Drying and curing preserve foods by _______.

Removing water Adding salt

1. Which of the other senses plays a major role in recognition of taste?

Smell

1. The flavor components in both tea and coffee are extracted on the basis of their _______.

Solubility in water

Which of the following options correctly describe steroids

Steroids share a common structure containing 4 fused rings. Steroids have a wide variety of functions in the human body.

1. Proteins - Polysaccahrides - Nucleic Acids - Lipids -

Structural features; enzymes; hormones Energy storage and production Blueprint of life; Genetic code Structure of cells membranes; Energy Source

1. True or false: Reducing meat and dairy consumption helps to reduce carbon dioxide emissions.

TRUE

Which of the following are qualitative methods of determining food readiness?

The SOFTBALL test for candy The FIST TEST for grilled meat Checking the degree of browning when frying an egg

1. Which of the following statements correctly defines metabolism?

The complex of set chemical processes that are essential in maintaining life.

In the sous vide method of cooking _______.

The food to be cooked is vacuum sealed food is cooked at the same temperature at which it is to be eaten.

Which of the following structural properties are associated with LDPE?

The polyethylene chain is branched. Molecules of this polymer consist of 500 monomeric units.

Which of the following options correctly describe a polymer

The prefix poly indicates that a polymer is made up of many smaller units. A polymer is made up of repeating units called monomers. Polymers have high molecular masses

Which statements describe respiration?

The process occurs in all living organisms. The process releases energy. The process converts glucose to CO2 and H2O.

Which of the following include reasons to transform our food in some way?

Transformation of food may improve the taste Cooking food may kill dangerous organisms

1. Glycerol reacts with three molecules of fatty acids to produce _____.

Triglycerides

Which of the following options correctly describe vitamins?

Vitamins are organic compounds with a wide range of physiological functions Vitamins are essential for proper metabolic functioning Vitamins are essential for preventing disease

In aqueous solution a ______ acid dissociates to a small extent only, while a ______ acid dissociates completely

Weak; Strong

Foodborne illnesses may be caused by _______.

chemical toxins parasites bacteria

In the process of fermentation ______.

glucose and other sugars are converted to ethanol CO2 is produced a micro-organism such as yeast is required

1. In a molecular substance, the covalent bonds between the atoms hold the individual molecule together as a unit and may be referred to as ______ forces. The nonbonding forces of attraction between one individual molecule and another are called ______ forces.

intramolecular; intermolecular

1. Henry's Law expresses the relationship between the concentration of a gas in solution and the pressure on the solution. Which of the following options correctly describe the quantities in the Henry's Law equation, given below?Henry's Law: C = kP

k is called the Henry's Law constant for a particular gas/solvent combination. P is the pressure measured in atmospheres. C is the concentration of the gas in moles per liter.

1. An acid-base buffer _______.

responds only slightly to the addition of acid or base, preventing large pH changes