Chem 155- Chapter 2

nitrogen dioxide

characteristic brown color; emitted from car engines

includes dust and pollen

particulate matter

which of the following are considered air pollutants

particulate matter carbon monoxide ozone nitrogen dioxide

sulfur dioxide

sharp, unpleasant order; produced by burning coal

which of the following may increase the concentration of tropospheric ozone

sunny day stagnant air

place the chemical steps involved in ozone production in the correct order

1. nitrogen dioxide is exposed to sunlight 2. nitrogen monoxide and an oxygen atom are produced 3. an oxygen atom reacts with an oxygen molecule 4. ozone is produced

place the laters of earth's atmosphere in the correct order, starting with the layer that is closest to the earth at the top of the list

1. troposphere 2. stratosphere 3. mesosphere 4. thermosphere 5. exosphere

which of the following pollutants are generally produced by a majority of cars

VOCs carbon monoxide nitrogen oxides

a(n) is a substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumers. this type of substance is often used up but regenerated during the reaction

catalyst

which of the following is the primary sources of atmospheric sulfur dioxide

coal-burning power plants

carbon monoxide

colorless, tasteless, and odorless; the "silent killer"

which of the following options correctly describe air pollutants

particulate matter is an example of an air pollutant some air pollutants are hazardous at levels well below 1 ppm

a chemical reaction is processes whereby substances called ___ are transformed into different substances called ____

reactants; products

concentration of water vapor in air

varies widely according to location

which of the following statements correctly describes the sources of environmental effects of SO2

SO2 can react with water to produce acid rain SO2 can lead to the formation of aerosols

which of the following options correctly describe aerosols

SO3 can combine with water to create sulfuric acid aerosols aerosols are liquid and solid particles that remain suspended in the air aerosols can contribute to pollution

which of the following options correctly describe the characteristics and role of oxygen

O2 is absorbed into our blood via the lungs Oxygen atoms are the most abundant atoms by mass in the human body O2 is a necessary reactant in burning and rusting

which of the following statements correctly describes radon

radon is radioactive radon can be found in basements radon is chemically unreactive

droplets that contain suspended solid and liquid particles are called

aerosols

output of carbon ___ is used to measure the efficiency of an automobile. this gas is measured in order to determine the degree of ___ combustion

monoxide; incomplete

place the gases that make up air in order of decreasing percent composition starting with the most abundant gas at the top of the lsit

1. nitrogen 2. oxygen 3. argon

complete combustion

CO2 and H2O

incomplete combustion

CO2, H2O, CO

which compound reacts with ozone, reducing the ozone concentrations along congested highways

NO

ventilation systems

O3, NO2, SO2, CO

give the correct formula for sulfur tetrafluoride

SF4

which of the following options correctly describe the formation and control of pollutants produced by cars

VOCs are connected to the formation of nitrogen dioxide catalytic converters have reduced the CO emissions from cars

the term "shifting baseline" refers to

a change in what people expect as "normal"

mixture

a physical combination of two or more species

which of the following options correctly defines a secondary pollutant

a secondary pollutant is a pollutant produced from one or more other pollutants

ozone

a sharp oder; a pollutant in the immediate atmosphere by essential at high altitudes

which of the following are sources of particulate matter

burning coal wildfires diesel engines

may be produced by a wildfire

carbon monoxide

VOCs are ___-containing compounds that pass easily into the ___ phase

carbon; gas

a species capable of causing cancer is called a ____ compound

carcinogenic

what ailment is the primary hazard associated with exposure to particulate matter

cardiovascular disease

greek numerical prefixes are used to indicate the number of atoms of a particular element present in a covalent compound. the prefix ___ indicated 10 atoms of the same element, while the prefix hexa- is used to indicate ___ atoms of the same element

deca; 6

pure substance

form of matter with a definite composition

tabacco smoke

formaldehyde, benzene

a chemical ___ (e.g., CO2) represents the elementary composition of any pure substance

formula

hydrocarbons are primary used as

fuel

which of the following options correctly describe gases

gases are mostly empty space gas molecules are in constant random motion gas molecules are extremely small

the set of principals used to design environmentally friendly chemical products and/or processes is called ___ chemistry

green

sunny days

higher O3 levels

compounds that are made up of only hydrogen and carbon are called

hydrocarbons

which of the statements correctly describes that information gained from a balanced chemical equation

identities of substances involved often the physical states of reactants and products relative quantities of substances involved

a volatile substance readily undergoes a phase change from

liquid to gas

rainy, windy weather

lower O3 levels

even in very small concentrations ozone can affect ___ function in humans. ozone also damages ___ which are essential to human life

lung; crops

sustainability is correctly defined as

meeting present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to do the same

particulate matter with the designation PM10 includes particles with an average diameter of 10 ___ or less

mu-m

which of the following actions are permitted in balancing a chemical equation

multiplying all coefficients by a common factor adding coefficients to formulas of reactants and products

produced during lightning strikes

nitrogen dioxide and ozone

which of the following options correctly describe N2

nitrogen is the most abundant substance in the air nitrogen is colorless and odorless

a chemical equation must be balanced. this means that the same ___ and ___ of atoms must appear on both sides of the equation

number; type

a molecule that always contains carbon and may contain hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen is called a ___ compound

organic

when naming a compound composed of two nonmetals, the number of atoms of each element is indicated by a Greek numeral

prefix

basements

radon

which noble gas is the second leading cause of lung cancer after cigarette smoke

radon

during a chemical reaction, the number of different substances may or may not change but the total mass of matter presetn

remains unchanged

released by volcanoes

sulfur dioxide

combustion is correctly described as

the process in which a substance burns in oxygen

which of the following options correctly describe how to name a compound containing two nonmetals

the second element is named with its root and the suffix -idea the name of the first element remains unchanged, except for the addition of a prefix where appropriate a greek numerical prefix is always used when more than one atom is present to indicate the number of atoms of each element in the compound

which of the following options correctly describe the troposphere

the troposphere is the region of the atmosphere in which humans live an inversion layer in the troposphere occurs when cooler air is trapped below warm air 75% of our air is found within the troposphere

which term is used to define the lower region of the atmosphere in which we live, which lies directly above the surface of the earth

troposphere

VOCs or ___ are a class of air pollutant that typically originates from

volatile organic compounds; cars

particulate matter

classified by size rather than composition

paints and varnishes

VOCs