chem 6.3 quiz
When looking at trends in electronegativity, we do not usually include the noble gases since they seldom enter into a chemical reaction. Define "electronegativity."
The ability of an atom of an element to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound.
Electrons can move to higher energy levels when atoms _____ energy.
absorb
Negative ions are called _____.
anions
The _____ is one half of the distance between the nuclei of two atoms of the same element when the atoms are joined.
atomic radius
Since the first ionization energy decreases from top to bottom within a group, the element that will ionize first will be at the _____ of the group.
bottom
Positive ions are referred to as _____.
cations
Atomic radii _____ from left to right across a period.
decrease
In a period, as the atomic number increases, the positive charge in the nucleus increases. Since the number of occupied energy levels stay fairly constant, the atomic radius will _____ as the positive nucleus has a stronger attraction towards given electrons.
decrease
In general, electronegativity values _____ from top to bottom within a group.
decrease
An anion has _____ one or more electrons from another atom, upsetting the balance between protons in the nucleus and electrons surrounding the nucleus.
gained
Nonmetals on the right (excluding the noble gases) have _____ values for electronegativity compared to other elements in their period. Electronegativity values among transition metals are not as regular.
high
In a group, as the atomic number increases, the positive charge in the nucleus increases. The number of occupied energy levels also increases, causing the atomic radius to _____.
increase
In general, atomic radii _____ from top to bottom within a group.
increase
In general, electronegativity values _____ from left to right across a period (for representative elements).
increase
An _____ is an atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge.
ion
Scientists use factors such as _____ to calculate values for electronegativity.
ionization energy
The energy required to remove an electron from an atom is the _____.
ionization energy
Since the first ionization energy generally increases from left to right in a period, the element that will ionize first will be at the _____ of the period.
left
The first ionization energy tends to increase from _____ across a period.
left to right
The size of cations decreases as you move from _____ in a period.
left to right
A cation has _____ one or more electrons to another atom.
lost
Metals on the far left have _____ values for electronegativity compared to other elements in their period.
low
Since the radii of atoms is small, they are measured in _____, or 1 trillionth of a meter (10-12 meter).
picometers
Shielding increases as you move from _____ in a group.
top to bottom
The first ionization energy tends to decrease from _____ within a group.
top to bottom
