chem 6.3 quiz

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When looking at trends in electronegativity, we do not usually include the noble gases since they seldom enter into a chemical reaction. Define "electronegativity."

The ability of an atom of an element to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound.

Electrons can move to higher energy levels when atoms _____ energy.

absorb

Negative ions are called _____.

anions

The _____ is one half of the distance between the nuclei of two atoms of the same element when the atoms are joined.

atomic radius

Since the first ionization energy decreases from top to bottom within a group, the element that will ionize first will be at the _____ of the group.

bottom

Positive ions are referred to as _____.

cations

Atomic radii _____ from left to right across a period.

decrease

In a period, as the atomic number increases, the positive charge in the nucleus increases. Since the number of occupied energy levels stay fairly constant, the atomic radius will _____ as the positive nucleus has a stronger attraction towards given electrons.

decrease

In general, electronegativity values _____ from top to bottom within a group.

decrease

An anion has _____ one or more electrons from another atom, upsetting the balance between protons in the nucleus and electrons surrounding the nucleus.

gained

Nonmetals on the right (excluding the noble gases) have _____ values for electronegativity compared to other elements in their period. Electronegativity values among transition metals are not as regular.

high

In a group, as the atomic number increases, the positive charge in the nucleus increases. The number of occupied energy levels also increases, causing the atomic radius to _____.

increase

In general, atomic radii _____ from top to bottom within a group.

increase

In general, electronegativity values _____ from left to right across a period (for representative elements).

increase

An _____ is an atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge.

ion

Scientists use factors such as _____ to calculate values for electronegativity.

ionization energy

The energy required to remove an electron from an atom is the _____.

ionization energy

Since the first ionization energy generally increases from left to right in a period, the element that will ionize first will be at the _____ of the period.

left

The first ionization energy tends to increase from _____ across a period.

left to right

The size of cations decreases as you move from _____ in a period.

left to right

A cation has _____ one or more electrons to another atom.

lost

Metals on the far left have _____ values for electronegativity compared to other elements in their period.

low

Since the radii of atoms is small, they are measured in _____, or 1 trillionth of a meter (10-12 meter).

picometers

Shielding increases as you move from _____ in a group.

top to bottom

The first ionization energy tends to decrease from _____ within a group.

top to bottom


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