Chem Chapter 4

Calculate the percentage, by mass, of fluorine in sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), a potent greenhouse gas.

78%

The greenhouse and enhanced greenhouse effects refer to the return of approximately ___ percent and greater than ___ percent of the heat radiated by Earth.

80;80

Which vibrational mode for carbon dioxide is not expected to contribute to the greenhouse effect?

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The greenhouse effect refers to the process by which

Atmospheric gases trap and return infrared radiation radiated by earth

Ethanol (C2H6O) is a common intoxicant and fuel produced from the fermentation of various grains. How many moles of ethanol are represented by 50.0 kg of ethanol?

1.09 x 10^3 mol

Calculate the mass of 25,000 molecules of nitrogen gas.

1.16 x 10^-18 grams

This is the lewis structure for acetic acid. The bond angles are drawn to scale...........Based on the electronic configuration shown in the lewis structure, predict the O-C-O bond angle, in degrees

120 degrees

Calculate the mass of CO2 produced by the combustion of a tank of gasoline. Assume the mass of gasoline is 46.0 kg and that gasoline is pure octane (C8H18).

142 kg

The historic of average global temperature for the last 160,000 years is derived from isotopic analysis of ice layers in Anterctica. Scientist study the ________ ratio in ______.

1^H/2^H; H2O

determine the molar mass for fluoxetine (C16H16F3NO), also known as Prozac

295.3 g/mol

Find the molar mass of ethanol, C2H6O

46.07 g/mol

Scientist have correlated average global temperature with atmospheric carbon dioxide levels for the last 160,000 years using ice cores from Antarctica. How is the carbon dioxide level determined?

By measuring the CO2 concentration in trapped air bubbles in the ice layers.

Which process plays the most important role in the greenhouse effect?

Energy radiated by the earth is absorbed by the atmosphere

The most abundant greenhouse gas in the Earth's atmosphere is

H2O vapor.

Where is most of the carbon on earth stored?

In the form of fossil fuels and carbonate minerals and rocks.

Predict the shape of nitrous oxide, N2O (atomic order N — N — O).

Linear

Which atmospheric component does not contribute to global warming?

N2

Which of the following has the lowest albedo?

Ocean

Which occurrences or processes are expected to reduce the level of atmospheric carbon? i. Decaying plant and animal remains ii. the growth of trees iii. Formation of carbonate rock in the ocean iv. Animals respiration

i and ii only

In order to make useful predictions, which factors must be accounted for by climate models? i. Cooling effect of atmospheric aerosols ii. Smoke, Haze, and cloud cover iii. Change in land use iv. Combustion of fossil fuels

i,ii,iii, and iv

Land use changes have a big impact on global warming because of their effect albedo. Albedo

is the ratio of electromagnetic radiation reflected by a surface to the amount of radiation hitting that surface.

Neither N2 nor O2 are greenhouse gases because

their overall electric charge distribution does not change when they vibrate