CHEM Test 4 - DNA and RNA
A post transcriptional processing event that occurs in the formation mRNA before translation Question 21 options: the removal of introns by spliceosome the addition of 7-methyl guanylate cap to their 5' end of tRNA the addition of the sequence 5'CCA 3' to their mRNA combination of mRNA stop codons with the ribosome
A
A region on the DNA strand that carries the information needed for the synthesis of one specific protein is called a Question 18 options: gene codon chromosome chromatid
A
After initiation of protein production, the correct order for the steps in the manufacture of proteins is: I. elongation II. peptide bond formation III. termination IV. tRNA binding with ribosome Question 8 options: IV, II, I, III I, II, III, IV II, I, IV, III I, IV, II, III
A
All of the following are associated with replication of DNA except: Question 1 options: amino acids DNA ligase hydrogen bonds replication fork
A
All of the following are components of nucleotides except: Question 4 options: metal ions. phosphate groups. heterocyclic nitrogen bases consisting of six-membered rings. heterocyclic nitrogen bases consisting of two fused rings.
A
DNA is primarily located in what part of the cell? Question 5 options: nucleus cytoplasm mitochondrion ribosome
A
In replication of DNA, each new double strand consists of one template strand and one new strand. Therefore, replication is said to be: Question 1 options: semiconservative polymeric repetitive catabolic
A
One of the steps of replication uses this enzyme to dissolve hydrogen bonds Question 17 options: helicase a kinase maltase primase
A
One pair of nitrogen bases in DNA is: Question 7 options: guanine and cytosine. guanine and thymine. guanine and adenine. guanine and uracil.
A
The protein coding sequences in nascent RNA molecules are called Question 20 options: exons initiator factors promoters introns
A
Translation is Question 4 options: making a protein molecule based on information contained in RNA. production of a single strand of RNA from the template strand of DNA. copying of DNA molecules to make an exact duplicate. production of a single strand of RNA identical to the information strand of DNA.
A
What is the complementary strand for a single DNA strand with the sequence TCGA? Question 3 options: AGCT TCGA CTAC GATC
A
Which base is normally found in RNA but not in DNA? Question 12 options: uracil thymine guanine adenine
A
Which of the following is a nucleoside which would be found in DNA? Question 2 options: deoxyguanosine deoxyribose adenosine triphosphate UMP
A
Which of the following is not correct? Question 19 options: DNA molecules are not stretched out but are rather coiled around basic proteins called histones. DNA and RNA molecules are named Nucleic acids due to the high content of acidic phosphate groups DNA and RNA form double helices stable by hydrogen bonds A second contributor to DNA stability is the hydrophobic attraction of the aromatic nitrogen bases in the inner part of the double helix- the stacking of the helix.
A
A nucleotide is a(an): Question 8 options: amide of a nucleoside and a fatty acid. 5'-monophosphate ester of a nucleoside. amide of a nitrogen base and a fatty acid. ester of a nucleoside and a fatty acid.
B
A nucleotide is composed of a ________ with a ________ added to it. Question 9 options: pentose; nitrogen base nucleoside; phosphate group pentose; phosphate group nucleoside; nitrogen base
B
All of the statements about RNA are correct except: Question 9 options: transfer RNA delivers amino acids to the protein chain as it is being manufactured. RNA molecules are smaller than DNA molecules, but form double helices like DNA. RNA does not contain thymine. RNA can exist in three forms: rRNA, tRNA, and mRNA.
B
Choose the term that corresponds to the type of ribonucleic acid that is part of the ribosome and protein complex that synthesizes other proteins. Question 13 options: rRNA mRNA None of the following tRNA
B
Chromatin is: Question 9 options: a protein found on the surface of a cell. nuclear material composed of DNA and histones. the fluid part of a cell that surrounds the organelles. the portion of a chromosome that codes for a specific trait.
B
During replication Question 16 options: The mechanism requires the formation of an intermediate carbocation The elongation reaction occurs is a nucleophilic attack of the hydroxyl in 3' to the inner phosphate unit of the activated nucleotide the synthesis of a new strand of DNA requires formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 2'OH and the 5' phosphate of activated nucleotide The mechanism is an SN1 formation of a phosphodiester bond
B
During the process of transcription, the base adenine in DNA pairs with the base ________ in the new mRNA. Question 11 options: guanine uracil thymine cytosine
B
One pair of nitrogen bases in DNA is: Question 14 options: adenine and cytosine. adenine and thymine. adenine and guanine. adenine and uracil.
B
Primers ______ Question 24 options: Initiate translation Are short -4-15 nucleotides long- DNA molecules Are short -4-15 ribonucleotides long- synthesized by primases. Initiate transcription
B
Replication of DNA produces two daughter DNA molecules in which Question 17 options: one daughter molecule contains both parent strands and one daughter molecule contains both newly synthesized strands each daughter molecule contains one parent strand and one newly synthesized strand. None of the above happens during replication. each daughter molecule contains two newly synthesized strands.
B
Replication of DNA produces two daughter DNA molecules in which: Question 4 options: one daughter molecule contains both parent strands and one daughter molecule contains both newly synthesized strands. each daughter molecule contains one parent strand and one newly synthesized strand. each daughter molecule contains two newly synthesized strands. each daughter molecule contains both parent strand.
B
The chemical combination of ribose and one of the five nitrogen bases results in formation of a Question 21 options: nucleotide. nucleoside. DNA molecule. gene
B
The most characteristic feature of all the bases found in either DNA or RNA is that: Question 10 options: they are all six membered rings. they are all nitrogen containing aromatic compounds. they are all fused five and six membered rings. they all bond to the sugar ring through the number 1 carbon of the base.
B
The nicks, or gaps, between fragments on the lagging strand during replication are eventually sealed by: Question 18 options: Helicases Ligase DNA polymerase Primase
B
The number of hydrogen bonds between cytosine and thymine in DNA is ________. Question 11 options: 3 0 1 2
B
The number of hydrogen bonds between guanine and adenine in DNA is ________. Question 3 options: 2 0 1 3
B
The process in which information contained in RNA is used to manufacture proteins is called: Question 14 options: mutation translation replication transcription
B
The process of manufacturing an identical copy of a DNA molecule is called: Question 7 options: translocation replication transcription translation
B
What is the difference between deoxyribose and ribose? Question 6 options: Deoxyribose is a D form, whereas ribose is an L form. All statements are incorrect. Deoxyribose has one less oxygen atom than does ribose. Ribose is found in the straight chain structure, whereas deoxyribose is not.
B
When a new strand of mRNA is transcribed from the DNA strand shown, its base sequence will be Informational (coding) strand of DNA: TTACGGAT Question 21 options: AAUGCCUA. UUACGGAU AATGCCTA UUTGCCTU
B
Which of the following is defined as a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule fused with a 5-membered heterocyclic molecule. Question 1 options: pyrimidine purine nucleoside nucleotide
B
A chromosome is a(an): Question 3 options: set of identical copies of DNA segments from a single ancestor. list of locations of markers that relate to inheritable traits. complex of DNA and histones formed in a cell nucleus before cell division. segment of DNA that directs synthesis of a specific peptide or protein.
C
A codon is: Question 5 options: a sequence of three amino acids that translates to a specific nucleotide in RNA. all the segments of DNA needed to direct the production of a specific protein. a sequence of three nucleotides in RNA that codes for specific amino acids or for chain termination. a complex of proteins and DNA which is associated with cell division.
C
If a molecule of DNA has a 17% of T which of the following below is not correct? Question 20 options: The transcribed molecule has a 33 % of U DNA has a 17% of A DNA has a 33% of G RNA molecule has a 33% C
C
In DNA, a DNA sequence complementary to the strand shown below is C-G-G-T-T-A-G Question 23 options: A-T-T-G-G-C-T. C-T-A-A-C-C-G. G-C-C-A-A-T-C. G-C-C-U-U-A-C G-C-C-U-U-U-C.
C
The backbone of a nucleic acid molecule consists of: Question 11 options: sugar molecules bonded from the #3 carbon of one molecule to the #5 carbon of the other by glycosidic linkages. alternating sugar and nitrogen base groups linked by amide bonds. alternating sugar and phosphate groups linked by phosphate ester bonds. alternating nitrogen bases and phosphate groups linked by amide bonds and strengthened by hydrogen bonds.
C
The process in which information from DNA is used to manufacture RNA is called: Question 8 options: mutation replication transcription translocation
C
The sugar found in an RNA nucleotide is ________. Question 10 options: 2-deoxy-D-ribose D-raffinose D-ribose D-rhamnose
C
Translation is the process whereby Question 15 options: protein is synthesized from DNA DNA is synthesized from mRNA Protein is synthesized from mRNA DNA is synthesized from DNA mRNA is synthesized from DNA
C
What are the repeating units in nucleic acids? Question 7 options: nucleosides monosaccharides nucleotides amino acids
C
What combination is required during translation? Question 16 options: codon of nitrogen bases matches ribosome nitrogen bases t RNA matches anticodon on amino acid codon on mRNA matches anticodon on tRNA- amino acid carrier codon in tRNA matches anticodon in mRNA
C
Which of the following IS NOT TRUE? Question 20 options: tRNA is the template directing amino acid peptide bond synthesis tRNA forms complex complementary base pairs but it is still one single strand tRNA brings one amino acid at the time forming an ester bond on C3'OH tRNA has an acceptor stem and an anticodon
C
Which of the following is a major function of nucleic acids? Question 13 options: storage and intracellular transfer of energy catalysis of virtually all biochemical reactions storage and transfer of genetic information structural support in both plants and animals
C
Which statement does not correctly describe structural differences between DNA and RNA? Question 6 options: RNA molecules are generally single-stranded. The sugar in RNA has one more hydroxyl group than the sugar in DNA. All of the statements are correct. RNA molecules have a lower molecular mass than DNA molecules.
C
rRNA is associated with what part of the cell? Question 2 options: nucleus cytoplasm ribosome cell membrane
C
A nucleoside is made of Question 24 options: a sugar and a phosphate a nitrogen base, a sugar and a phosphate A nitrogen base and a phosphate a nitrogen base and a sugar
D
According to Watson and Crick base pair rules Question 16 options: uracil pairs up with guanine adenine pairs up with cytosine the double helix is stable when two purines make a base pair if two pyrimidines are on opposite side of the double helix there is not enough hydrogen bond interaction to stabilize the structure of DNA
D
Chargaff agrees with Watson -Crick model because in DNA molecules he discovered Question 17 options: %T is higher than U % of A is higher than the % of T %G is higher than % C % G is equal to % C
D
In a molecule of DNA, the sugar of one nucleotide binds through its ________ hydroxyl group to the ________ hydroxyl group of the next nucleotide by forming a phosphate ester. Question 12 options: 5' ; 5' 1' ; 3' 3' ; 3' 3' ; 5'
D
The central dogma of molecular genetics states that: Question 2 options: each amino acid is coded by a unique set of three base pairs. replication of DNA is a semiconservative process. in DNA and RNA adenine always pairs with thymine and cytosine always pairs with guanine. DNA stores genetic information and RNA reads, decodes, and uses that information.
D
The mechanisms of synthesis of DNA and RNA are similar in all the following except: Question 15 options: they require primers they involve release of pyrophosphate from each nucleotide added the direction of synthesis is 5' to 3' they require activated nucleotide precursors and magnesium ion base pairing determines the correct sequence of the base added
D
The number of hydrogen bonds between cytosine and guanine in DNA is ________. Question 10 options: 4 1 2 3
D
The purine bases are: Question 14 options: 6 membered ring systems containing 2 ring nitrogens. fused 5 and 6 membered ring systems containing 2 nitrogens. 6 membered ring systems containing 4 ring nitrogens. fused 5 and 6 membered ring systems containing 4 ring nitrogens.
D
What is the difference between deoxyribose and ribose? Question 23 options: Deoxyribose is a D form, whereas ribose is an L form Ribose is found in the straight chain structure, whereas deoxyribose is not. Ribose is a monosaccharide, but deoxyribose is a polysaccharide. Deoxyribose has one less oxygen atom than does ribose.
D
What is the discovery of Watson and Crick? Question 22 options: Adenine interacts with Thymine by hydrophobic attraction A is always complementary to T (2 H-bonds) and G is complementary to C (3H-bonds) bases pair up with the same pattern and strength for all nitrogen bases When there is an A on one strand the other strand has a T and if there is a G in there is a U on the other strand
D
When a β-N-glycosidic bond forms between guanine and deoxyribose, the resulting molecule is called: Question 12 options: deoxyguanidine guanosine deoxyriboguanine deoxyriboguanosine
D
Which base is normally found in DNA but not in RNA? Question 13 options: uracil adenine guanine thymine
D
Which base is normally found in RNA but not in DNA? Question 22 options: cytosine guanine thymine adenine uracil
D
Which of the following components are absolutely required for RNA polymerase to synthesize RNA? Question 19 options: Mg2+, and dNTP's a template chain, Mg2+, ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphates a primer and a template chain dAMP, dCMP, dTMP, and dAMP a template chain, Mg2+, and deoxyribonucloteide 5'-triphosphate
D
Which of the following is a nitrogen base found in nucleic acids? Question 6 options: pyridine guanosine thymidine adenine
D
Which of the following represents the correct order in the flow of genetic information? Question 19 options: mRNA → DNA → proteins mRNA → tRNA → proteins rRNA → mRNA → proteins DNA → mRNA → proteins
D
Which statement is not true about replication? Question 18 options: The replication process is called semiconservative Both strands are synthesized in the same way using all same enzymes One strand is made continuously and another one in small fragments It is bidirectional and takes place at the same speed in both directions (3' end and 5' end0
D
Which statement does not correctly describe structural differences between DNA and RNA or events? Question 22 options: RNA contains uracil instead of thymine. The sugar in RNA has one more hydroxyl group than the sugar in DNA. RNA molecules have a lower molecular mass than DNA molecules. DNA short primer molecules are required to start transcription RNA molecules are generally single-stranded.
D (Wrong)