Chem1B Transition metals
7. A certain transition element has the stable oxidation states of +2, +3, +5, and +6. In which state will the element be most likely to form an ionic bond with chlorine? A. +2 B. +3 C. +4 D. +5 E. +6
A
The ____ isomer of the complex Ni(en)2Cl2 exhibits optical isomers, but the _____ isomer does not. A) cis, trans B) trans, cis C) Both isomers exhibit optical isomers. D) Neither isomers exhibit optical isomers.
A
Which of the following species could exist as isomers? A. [Co(H2O)4Cl2]+ B. [Pt(NH3)Br3]- C. [Pt(en)Cl2] D. [Pt(NH3)3Cl]+ E. none of these choices is correct
A
11. Which of the following statements about voltaic and electrolytic cells is correct? A. The electrons in the external wire flow from cathode to anode in both types of cell. B. Oxidation occurs at the cathode only in a voltaic cell. C. The free energy change, ΔG, is negative for an electrolytic cell. D. The cathode is labeled as positive (+) in a voltaic cell but negative (-) in an electrolytic cell. E. Reduction occurs at the anode in an electrolytic cell.
d
A battery is considered "dead" when A. Q < 1 B. Q = 1 C. Q > 1 D. Q = K E. Q/K= 0
d
Which of the following ligands might give linkage isomers? A) NO2- B) SCN- C) H2NHC2CH2NH2 D) a and b E) a, b, and c
d
Which of the following species cannot function as an oxidizing agent? a) S(s) b) NO3-(aq) c) Cr2O72-(aq) d) I-(aq) e) MnO4-(aq)
d
A common car battery consists of six identical cells, each of which carries out the reaction: Pb + PbO2 + 2HSO4- + 2H+ 2PbSO4 + 2H2O The value of ℰ° for such a cell is 2.041 V. Calculate ΔG° at 25 °C for the reaction. a) -196.9 kJ b) -98.46 kJ c) -393.9 kJ d) -787.7 kJ e) -590.8 kJ
-nFEo = -2 x 96486 x 2.04 = -393.72kJ
isomerism
2:2 or 4:2
1. The most common oxidation state for ions of the transition elements is A. +2 B. +3 C. +4 D. +5 E. +6
A
104. Which 3d transition metal is mixed with concentrated sulfuric acid to give a powerful cleaning solution for removing organic materials from analytical glassware? A) chromium B) iron C) cobalt D) scandium E) manganese
A
24. Which metal is most widely used in the electrical systems of homes and factories? A) copper B) silver C) gold D) tungsten E) titanium
A
33. What transition metal has the combination of toughness, stretchability, and resilience that makes it ideal for use in bicycle frames? A) titanium B) platinum C) tungsten D) nickel E) aluminum
A
35. What heavy metal is the most abundant and most important to our civilization? A) iron B) gold C) magnesium D) cobalt E) copper
A
67. The complex ion Co(NH3)62+ (three unpaired electrons) is classified as: A) weak field B) strong field C) no way to tell
A
101. Name the process currently most important for making steel. A) blast furnace process B) open hearth process C) tempering process D) leaching process
B
108. This molecule is toxic because it has about 200 times the affinity for the Fe2+ in hemoglobin as oxygen does, causing asphyxiation if enough of it is present in the air. A) CN- B) CO C) CO2 D) NH3 E) CH4
B
109. Carboxyhemoglobin is formed when __________ prevents the normal uptake of oxygen in the blood. A) CN- B) CO C) CO2 D) NH3 E) CH4
B
23. Which of the transition metals is the best conductor of heat and electric current? A) copper B) silver C) gold D) tungsten E) titanium
B
34. This transition metal is used in the production of a hard steel used for rock crushers and bank vaults, and can be found in nodules on the ocean floor. A) iron B) manganese C) magnesium D) cobalt E) nickel
B
40. Which is lower in energy in transition metal ions, the 3d orbitals or 4s orbitals? A) the 4s orbitals B) the 3d orbitals C) about equal in energy D) cannot be determined
B
43. In a coordination compound involving a complex ion of square planar geometry, which of the following types of isomerism is/are never possible? A. geometric B. optical C. linkage D. coordination E. more than one of the above
B
61. What transition metal is mainly used for galvanizing steel? A) iron B) zinc C) copper D) cobalt E) nickel
B
62. Which has the greatest number of unpaired electrons? A) The square planar complex Ni(CN)42-. B) The tetrahedral complex FeCl4-. C) Neither of the above have any unpaired electrons. D) Both (a and b) have the same number (non-zero) of unpaired electrons. E) More information is needed.
B
66. The complex ion Fe(CN)64- (no unpaired electrons) is classified as: A) weak field B) strong field C) no way to tell
B
90. Which model(s) accounts for the magnetism and color of coordination compounds? I. the localized electron model II. the crystal field model A) I B) II C) both I and II D) neither I nor II
B
96. Cytochrome C contains A) cobalt B) iron C) magnesium D) chromium E) none of these
B
97. Oxygen is stored in mammalian tissue in which type of molecule? A) hemoglobin B) myoglobin C) chlorophyll D) cytochrome E) prophyrin
B
Give the systematic name for [Cu(NH3)4]Cl2. A. dichlorotetraamminecuprate(II) B. tetraamminecopper(II) chloride C. copper(II) ammonium chloride D. tetraaminocopper(II) chloride E. none of these choices is correct
B
Which energy conversion shown below takes place in a galvanic cell? a) electrical to chemical b) chemical to electrical c) mechanical to chemical d) chemical to mechanical e) mechanical to electrical
B
Which of the following is not a property of silver that is important in black and white photography? A. Silver halides are not soluble in water. B. Silver metal is easily oxidized. C. Silver halides undergo a redox reaction when exposed to light. D. Silver ions will form stable, water-soluble complex ions. E. Silver atoms catalyze the reduction of silver ions.
B
Which of the following is true in describing the crystal field model? A) The metal ion and ligand interaction is treated as a Lewis acid-base interaction. B) The ligands are treated as negative point charges. C) The metal ion-ligand bonds are considered to be completely ionic. D) The electrons are assumed to be localized. E) None of these is true.
B
Write the formula for pentaamminechlorocobalt(III) chloride. A. [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl B. [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 C. [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl3 D. [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl4 E. none of these choices is correct
B
103. An element common to brass and bronze is: A) nickel B) tin C) copper D) iron E) zinc
C
105. Which complex ion shape is not capable of showing cis-trans isomerism? A) octahedral B) square planar C) tetrahedral D) none of these
C
115. The color of a transition metal complex results from: A) bending vibrations. B) stretching vibrations. C) transition of an electron between d orbitals. D) transition of an electron between an s and a p orbital. E) nuclear magnetic resonance.
C
25. A complex ion is a charged species consisting of a metal ion surrounded by A) other transition metals. B) hydrogen ions. C) ligands. D) ligands and counter ions. E) none of these
C
30. What transition metal is used in stainless steel? A) nickel B) titanium C) chromium D) iridium E) niobium
C
36. Which of the following statements concerning the complex ion Co(en)2Cl2+ is true? (en = ethylenediamine, NH2CH2CH2NH2)? A) The complex ion contains Co(I). B) The complex ion exhibits cis and trans geometric isomers, but no optical isomers. C) The complex ion exhibits two geometric isomers (cis and trans) and two optical isomers. D) Since en is a strong field ligand (large Δ), the complex ion is paramagnetic. E) The geometric isomers of the complex ion have identical chemical properties.
C
37. Which of the following is true about coordination complexes? A) The metal is a Lewis base and the ligands are Lewis acids. B) Only complexes with coordination number six are found in nature. C) When the ligands approach a transition metal ion in an octahedral field, the dxz, dyz, and dxy atomic orbitals are affected the least by the ligands. D) None of these is true. E) All of these are true.
C
39. The complex ions of Zn2+ are all colorless. The most likely explanation for this is: A) Zn2+ is paramagnetic. B) Zn2+ exhibits "d orbital" splittings in its complexes such that they absorb all wavelengths in the visible region. C) Since Zn2+ is a d10 ion, it does not absorb visible light even though the "d orbital" splittings are correct for absorbing visible wavelengths. D) Zn2+ is not a transition metal ion. E) None of these is correct.
C
42. Which of the following is true? A) The first ionization energy for Zn is significantly higher than that of Sc. B) The first ionization energy for Zn is significantly lower than that of Sc. C) The third ionization energy for Zn is significantly higher than that of Sc. D) The third ionization energy for Zn is significantly lower than that of Sc. E) Two of these are correct.
C
47. The crystal field splitting energy, Δ, A. is larger for tetrahedral complexes than for octahedral complexes. B. depends on the metal but not on the ligand. C. determines the color of a complex. D. is larger for ionic ligands like chloride than for molecular ligands like carbon monoxide, CO. E. determines the charge of a complex.
C
49. Which of the following ions could exist in either the high-spin or low-spin state in an octahedral complex? A. Sc3+ B. Ni2+ C. Mn2+ D. Ti4+ E. Zn2+
C
68. The complex ion Ni(NH3)62+ (two unpaired electrons) is classified as: A) weak field B) strong field C) no way to tell
C
72. Which of the following complexes can exhibit optical isomerism? (en = H2N⎯CH2⎯CH2⎯NH2 and is bidentate) A) cis-Co(NH3)4Cl2 B) trans-Co(en)2Br2 C) cis-Co(en)2Cl2 D) Co(NH3)3Cl3 E) none of these
C
94. Hemoglobin is a complex of A) Co3+ B) Mg2+ C) Fe2+ D) Sc3+ E) none of these
C
What is the highest possible oxidation state for molybdenum, Mo? A. +2 B. +4 C. +6 D. +8 E. none of these choices is correct
C
Which of the following ions is least likely to form colored compounds? A. Mn2+ B. Cr5+ C. Sc3+ D. Fe3+ E. Co2+
C
Write the formula for sodium tetracyanonickelate(II). A. Na[Ni(CN)4] B. Na[Ni(CN)4]2 C. Na2[Ni(CN)4] D. Na4[Ni(CN)4] E. none of these choices is correct
C
100. The strength of steel is due to the effect of what substance with the iron? A) copper B) carbon monoxide C) sulfur D) carbon E) zinc
D
102. Which of the following materials is added to the blast furnace to produce slag? A) sulfur B) carbon C) silicon D) limestone E) none of these
D
106. When the body adapts to high altitudes, it makes more __________ to adapt to lower oxygen concentrations in the blood. A) myoglobin B) iron C) protein D) hemoglobin E) fatty tissue
D
146. How many isomers are there with the formula C3H5Br? Include both structural and geometric isomers. A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5 E) 6
D
26. The anode in a voltaic cell and in an electrolytic cell is a) positive in both cells b) the site of oxidation and of reduction, respectively c) the site of reduction and of oxidation, respectively d) the site of oxidation in both cells e) the site of reduction in both cells
D
31. What transition metal is used in magnets, catalysts, and drill bits? A) nickel B) copper C) platinum D) cobalt E) titanium
D
33. Give the systematic name for Cr(CO)3(NH3)3. A. chromiumtriaminotricarbonyl B. triamminechromium carbonate C. triamminetricarbonylchromate(0) D. triamminetricarbonylchromium(0)
D
69. Which of the following statements is true about the octahedral complexes of Ni2+? A) Both strong- and weak-field complexes are diamagnetic. B) The strong-field complex is diamagnetic and the weak-field complex is paramagnetic. C) The strong-field complex is paramagnetic and the weak-field complex is diamagnetic. D) Both strong- and weak-field complexes are paramagnetic.
D
82. The spectrochemical series is I- < Br- < Cl- < F- < OH- < H2O < NH3 < en < NO2- < CN- Which of the following complexes will absorb visible radiation of the highest energy (shortest wavelength)? A) [Co(H2O)6]3+ B) [Co(I)6]3- C) [Co(OH)6]3- D) [Co(en)3]3+ E) [Co(NH3)6]3+
D
According to valence bond theory, what would be the set of hybrid orbitals used when a Period 4 transition metal forms a tetrahedral complex? A. d2 sp B. dsp2 C. dsp3 D. sp3 E. d2p2
D
What is the sum of the geometric and optical isomers that the complex ion Co(en)2Cl2+ exhibits? A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3 E) 4
D
Which of the following transition metals are important to the U.S. economy and defense? A) chromium and cobalt B) manganese C) platinum and palladium D) all of these E) chromium, cobalt, and manganese only
D
107. The transition metal __________ assists insulin in the control of blood sugar and may also be involved in the control of cholesterol. A) scandium B) titanium C) iron D) nickel E) chromium
E
143. How many isomers of C4H8 are there? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 5 E) 6
E
17. Which of the following will be the strongest oxidizing agent? A. Cr B. Cr(II) C. Cr(III) D. Cr(IV) E. Cr(VI)
E
22. Transition metals display great similarities A) within a given period. B) within a given vertical group. C) with the semimetals. D) all of these E) a and b only
E
29. Which of the following transition metals is most likely to form an oxide? A) gold B) silver C) platinum D) palladium E) copper
E
32. The phenomenon called the __________ contradiction is responsible for the great similarity in atomic size and chemistry of 4d and 5d elements. A) transition B) coordination C) none of these D) isomeric E) lanthanide
E
60. Which transition metal is valued for its high electrical conductivity and resistance to corrosion, and is widely used for plumbing? A) iron B) manganese C) magnesium D) cobalt E) copper
E
91. Which of the following are structural isomers? I. coordination isomers II. linkage isomers III. geometric isomers IV. optical isomers A) I, III B) II, IV C) I, III, IV D) II, III E) I, II
E
98. Pig iron usually contains about 5%: A) aluminum B) oxygen C) sodium D) sulfur E) carbon
E
A certain transition metal complex has the formula MX4 2+. If the metal ion has a d8 electron configuration, what is the shape of the complex? A. octahedral B. square pyramid C. tetrahedral D. trigonal pyramid E. square planar
E
If M represents a transition element, which of the following oxides should be the least basic? A. MO B. M2O C. M2O3 D. MO2 E. MO3
E
You are told that metal X is a better reducing agent than metal Y. This must mean that: a) X+ is a better oxidizing agent than Y+. b) X+ is a better reducing agent than Y+. c) Y is a better oxidizing agent than X. d) Y+ is a better reducing agent than X+. e) Y+ is a better oxidizing agent than X+.
E
126. Co2+ in water is blue.
F
130. The complex ions containing Zn2+ are intensely colored.
F
43. Because they have the same atoms, bonds, and formulas, geometric isomers have the same color.
FALSE
Copper will spontaneously reduce which of the following? a) Fe2+ and Ag+ b) Fe2+ c) Ag+ d) Al3+ e) Fe2+ and Al3+
Look for less reducing c
Linkage Isomers
NO2- ,SCN- , CN-, OCN-
129. All tetrahedral complex ions are high spin.
T
131. The complexes of Zn2+ are all diamagnetic.
T
124. The metals with the highest ionization energies are most likely to be found in nature in the elemental state.
TRUE
125. Metals usually have higher melting points than nonmetals.
TRUE
44. Copper(I) complexes would be expected to be colorless.
TRUE
63. In the crystal field model, ligands are treated as negative point charges.
TRUE
Transition metals show great similarities both within a given period and within a given vertical group.
True
The ____ isomer of the complex Ni(en)2Cl2 exhibits optical isomers, but the _____ isomer does not. A) cis, trans B) trans, cis C) Both isomers exhibit optical isomers. D) Neither isomers exhibit optical isomers.
a
The voltaic cell made up of cobalt, copper and their M2+ ions, has E°cell = 0.62 V. If E° of the cathode half-cell is 0.34 V, what is E° of the anode half-cell? Cu2+(aq) + Co(s) → Cu(s) + Co2+(aq) A. -0.28 V B. -0.96V C. 0.28 V D. 0.96 V
a
Choose the correct statement given the following information: Fe3+(aq) + e- → Fe2+(aq) ℰ° = 0.77 V Fe(CN)63-(aq) + e- → Fe(CN)64-(aq) ℰ° = 0.36 V a) Fe2+(aq) is more likely to be oxidized than Fe2+ complexed to CN-. b) Fe3+(aq) is more likely to be reduced than Fe3+ complexed to CN-. c) Both A and B are true. d) Complexation of Fe ions with CN- has no effect on their tendencies to become oxidized or reduced. e) None of these is true.
b
Which energy conversion shown below takes place in a galvanic cell? a) electrical to chemical b) chemical to electrical c) mechanical to chemical d) chemical to mechanical e) mechanical to electrical
b
Ethylenediamine (en) is a_____
bidentate ligand
20. How many of the following compounds exhibit geometric isomers? I. Pt(NH3)2Cl2 (square planar) II. [Co(H2O)2]Cl3 III. Ni(NH3)4(NO2)2 IV. K2[CoCl4] A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3 E) 4
c
When metal A is placed in a solution of metal ions B2+, a reaction occurs between A and B2+, and metal ions A2+ appear in the solution. When metal B is placed in acid solution, gas bubbles form on its surface. When metal A is placed in a solution of metal ions C2+, no reaction occurs. Which of the following reactions would not occur spontaneously? A. C(s) + 2H+ (aq) → H2(g) + C2+(aq) B. C(s) + A2+(aq) → A(s) + C2+(aq) C. B(s) + C2+(aq) → C(s) + B2+(aq) D. A(s) + 2H+ (aq) → H2(g) + A2+(aq) E. B(s) + 2H+ (aq) → H2(g) + B2+(aq)
c
Which of the following elements could be prepared by electrolysis of the aqueous solution shown? A. sodium from Na3PO4(aq) B. sulfur from K2SO4(aq) C. oxygen from H2SO4(aq) D. potassium from KCl(aq) E. nitrogen from AgNO3(aq)
c
Which, if any, of the following metals would be capable of acting as a sacrificial anode when used with iron pipe? E°Fe = -0.44 V; all E° values refer to the M2+/M half-cell reactions. A. copper, Cu, E° = 0.15 V B. cobalt, Co, E° = -0.28 V C. chromium, Cr, E° = -0.74 V D. tin, Sn, E° = -0.14 V E. None of these metals
c
Which of the following statements about voltaic and electrolytic cells is correct? A. The electrons in the external wire flow from cathode to anode in both types of cell. B. Oxidation occurs at the cathode only in a voltaic cell. C. The free energy change, ΔG, is negative for an electrolytic cell. D. The cathode is labeled as positive (+) in a voltaic cell but negative (-) in an electrolytic cell. E. Reduction occurs at the anode in an electrolytic cell.
d
Which one of the following statements relating to the glass electrode is correct? A. The glass electrode detects hydrogen gas. B. The glass of a glass electrode serves to conduct electrons. C. When pH is measured, only a single electrode, the glass electrode, need be used. D. The potential of the glass electrode varies linearly with the pH of the solution. E. None of these statements is correct.
d
T F Concentration cells work because standard reduction potentials are dependent on concentration.
f
Geometric Isomerism
square planar
