Chemistry 4.10-4.11

For Row 5, we are only dealing with N and P. Not metalloids.

yup.

68. An ion that has three more protons in the nucleus than there are electrons outside the nucleus will have a charge of _____

3+

Aluminum is always a ___ ion

3+ ion.

Group 15 (5a) will become ___ ions

3- ions. This is because they gain three electrons.

Cation

A positive ion. It's produced when electrons are lost from a neutral atom. 1+ cation when loses one electron. Magnesium atom typically loses two electrons to form a 2+ cation. Named using the name of parent atom (You keep the original name--Sodium Cation)

66. Ions are produced when an atom gains or loses ____

Electrons.

70. Simple negative ions (non-metal) formed from single atoms are given names that end in ____

IDE (Chlorine--Chloride)

Why does a solution of sodium chloride in water conduct an electric current, whereas a solution of sugar in water does not?

There is metal in NaCl....metal conducts electricity since it has ions.

Will the elements in Group 1 lose or gain electrons?

They will always lose 1 electron. (1+) This is with the exception of hydrogen, which doesn't become an ion. These are all metals.

Will the elements in Group 2 lose or gain electrons? If so, how many?

They will always lose 2 electrons. (2+) These are all metals.

All transition metals form multiple ions. True or false?

True.

Hydrogen is the only one that can lose and gain electrons. True or false.

True.

Anion

When electrons are gained by a neutral atom, an ion with a negative charge is formed. A negatively charged ion is called an anion. An atom that gains one extra electron forms an anion with a 1- charge. An anion is named by taking the root name of the atom and changing the ending. (Ex: Chloride ion---changes from Fluorine to Fluoride ion)

Page 108, question 65: 4.10 IONS: An isolated atom has a net charge of ___

Zero.

In an ionic compound, what is the total charge?

Zero. All the charge from the positive ions need to balance out charge from negative ions.

Ion

A charged entity can be produced called an ion, by taking a neutral atom and adding or removing one or more electrons. For example, a sodium atom (Z=11) has eleven protons in its nucleus and eleven electrons outside its nucleus. If one of the electrons is lost, there will be eleven positive charges but only ten negative charges. This gives an ion with a net positive one charge. "Cation"

70. Based on their location in the periodic table, give the symbols for three elements that would be expected to form positive ions in their reactions.

Aluminum, Iron, Bi (Hydrogen can form positive ions).

Will metals form negative or positive ions?

Metals will always form positive ions. They will always lose electrons.

Could an isolated atom form ions on its own?

No, isolated atoms do not form ions on their own.

Can hydrogen become an ion?

No. If it were to lose an electron, it would just be a proton floating around, which is not ideal. Hydrogen only has 1 electron. If it becomes a proton, it will be unstable. Hydrogen will only form covalent bonds--not ionic bonds.

72. The tendency to gain electrons is a fundamental property of the ____ elements.

Non-metallic

Do the noble gases form ions?

Nope, they do not form bonds with anything. (For the most part).

In Group 17 (Group 7a), the Halogens, will always form ___ ions

1- ions. (Total charge of the entity is 1-) This is because they gain an electron. They are considered anions.

In Group 16 (6a), the elements will form ___ ions.

2- ions. This is because they gain two electrons. Only oxygen, sulfur, and selenium. The metal/metalloids react differently.

67. A simple ion with a 3+ charge (For example, Al 3+) results when an atom loses ___ electrons

3

73. How many electrons are found in each of the following? Fe2+, Cl-

Fe2+ (Fe has 26 electrons. If it's Fe 2+, you have to subtract 2 electrons. It will have 24 electrons). Cl- starts off with 17 electrons. Since it's a negative - 1, then you have to add one electron.

Chemical compounds

Fe3+ and P3- just cancel out to make FeP. Fe3+ and S2-. Fe2S3.

List properties of a substance that would lead you to believe it consists of ions. How do these properties differ from those of nonionic compounds?

High melting point, hard to melt. They conduct electricity under 2 conditions: either when they are dissolved in water, or melted. Everything opposite to these properties are nonionic.

Why does an ionic compound conduct an electric current when the compound is melted but not when it is in the solid state?

If the ions can't move, you can't have an electric current--the ions are the electric current. So when their melted their more fluid and free to move.

Zero Net Charge

Ionic compounds have one--there is no charge. An atom has a certain number of protons in its nucleus and an equal number of elections in the space around the nucleus. This results in an exact balance of positive and negative charges--an atom is a neutral entity--it has a zero net charge.

Are ions formed by removing protons, electrons, or both?

Ions are always formed by removing electrons from an atom (cations) or adding electrons to an atoms (anions)

When are ions formed?

Ions are formed when metallic elements combine with nonmetallic elements. When metals and nonmetals react, the metal atoms tend to lose one or more electrons, which are in turn gained by the atoms of the nonmetal. Reactions between metals and nonmetals tend to form compounds that contain metal cations and nonmetal anions.

LOOK AT 73 AND 74.

K

How do you name ionic compounds?

Metal ions take the same name as the element. Non-metals change the end of the element to "ide" often times from "ine" --EX: Florine becomes Floride, Oxygen becomes Oxide, and Sulfur becomes Sulfide. You rarely deal with metalloids.