Chemistry Unit 5: Covalent Bonding
chemical bond
Any of several forces, especially the ionic bond, covalent bond, and metallic bond, by which atoms or ions are bound in a molecule or crystal.
tetrahedral
Bond Angle - 109.5°
trigonal planar
Bond Angle - 120°
linear
Bond Angle - 180°
T-shaped
Bond Angle - 90° and 180°
octahedral
Bond Angle - 90° and 180°
square planar
Bond Angle - 90° and 180°
square pyramidal
Bond Angle - 90° and 180°
trigonal bipyramidal
Bond Angle - 90°, 120° and 180°
See-saw
Bond Angle - 90°, 120⁰ and 180°
trigonal pyramidal
Bond Angle - Less than 109.5°
trigonal bent
Bond Angle - Less than 120°
valence electron
an electron that is found in the outermost shell of an atom and that determines the atom's chemical properties
resonance structure
any one of two or more possible configurations of the same compound that have identical geometry but different arrangements of electrons
covalent bond
a bond formed when atoms share (fight) one or more pairs of electrons
polar covalent bond
a covalent bond in which a shared pair of electrons is held more closely by one of the atoms
nonpolar covalent bond
a covalent bond in which the bonding electrons are equally attracted to both bonded atoms
single bond
a covalent bond in which two atoms share one pair of electrons
triple bond
a covalent bond in which two atoms share three pairs of electrons
double bond
a covalent bond in which two atoms share two pairs of electrons
dipole
a molecule or part of a molecule that contains both positively and negatively charged regions
unshared pair
a nonbonding pair of electrons in the valence shell of an atom; also called lone pair
Lewis structure
a structural formula in which electrons are represented by dots; dot pairs or dashes between two atomic symbols represent pairs in covalent bonds
VSEPR theory
a theory that predicts some molecular shapes based on the idea that pairs of valence electrons surrounding an atom repel each other
bond length
the distance between two bonded atoms at their minimum potential energy; the average distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms
bond energy
the energy required to break the bonds in 1 mol of a chemical compound
molecular orbital
the region of high probability that is occupied by an individual electron as it travels with a wavelike motion in the three-dimensional space around one of two or more associated nuclei