Chemistry Unit 9

Trans is Latin for...

"On the other side."

Cis is Latin for...

"On the same side."

Straight-Chain Alkane.

A saturated hydrocarbon in which that carbon atoms of each molecule are bonded in a linear arrangement without branches.

Alkane.

A saturated hydrocarbon that uses only single covalent bonding.

Carbon.

All organic compounds contain this.

Straight-Chain structures, Branch-Chained Structures, and Ring, or Cyclic structures.

Catenation allows carbon atoms to form three type of organic molecular structures.

Friedrich Wohler.

Disproved the thought that organic compounds could be produced only by living organisms.

Hydrocarbon.

A class of organic compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms.

Condensation Polymer.

A condensation reaction that links monomers together and releases water as a by-product produces...

Unsaturated Hydrocarbon.

A hydrocarbon in which the atoms of each molecule use multiple covalent carbon-to-carbon bonds or resonant bonding, as well as single covalent bonds.

Saturated Hydrocarbon.

A hydrocarbon in which the atoms of each molecule use only single covalent bonds and each carbon atom is bonded to four other atoms.

Cycloalkane.

A saturated hydrocarbon with a cyclic molecular structure.

Branched-Chain Alkane.

A saturated hydrocarbon with one or more substituent groups that branch off from the straight chain.

Alkyl Group.

A substituent group that consists of an alkane molecule from which one hydrogen molecule has been removed.

Functional Group.

A substituent group that defines the physical and chemical properties of an organic compound.

Molecular Formula.

A symbolic representation of a molecule that uses element symbols and subscripts to indicate the number of each element or group of elements in a chemical compound and can also indicate the arrangement of atoms, especially substituent groups, in a molecule of that compound.

Hydrogenation.

Adding hydrogen atoms to an unsaturated organic molecule to increase its saturation.

Elimination.

Is an organic reaction that causes single bonds to convert to multiple bonds.

Parent Chain.

Is the straight-chain of a branched-chain hydrocarbon molecule.

Addition Reactions.

An addition polymer is produced by... between monomers so that covalent bonds are rearranged without the loss of atoms.

Substituent Group.

An atom or group of atoms that replaces a hydrogen atom or a carbon group in an organic compound.

Straight-Chain Alkene.

An unsaturated hydrocarbon in which the carbon atoms of each molecule are bonded in a linear arrangement without branches and which includes at least one double covalent carbon-to-carbon bond.

Alkene.

An unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains one or more double covalent carbon-to-carbon bonds.

Geometric.

Cis-Trans isomers are also called... Isomers because their isomerism is based on the spatial orientations of the atoms in a molecule.

Cis-Trans Isomer.

One of a pair of isomers in which the atoms of the two molecules are arranged in the same order but with a different spatial orientation.

Structural Isomer.

One of several isomers in which the atoms of each molecule are arranged in a different structural order.

Substituted Hydrocarbons.

Organic hydrocarbons in which one or more functional groups have been substituted for one or more hydrogen or carbon atoms.

Monomers.

Polymerization is the process of linking... together to form a polymer.

Catenation.

The bonding together of atoms of the same element to form covalently bonded chains or rings.

Organic Chemistry.

The branch of chemistry that deals with organic compounds.

Isomerism.

The relationship between two compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structural arrangements or spatial orientations.

Cis-Trans and Structural.

The two types of isomers.

Aromatic hydrocarbons.

Unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain 6-sided resonance structures called benzene rings.