Chemistry - Unit 9
The rules for naming alkynes are the same as the rules for naming alkenes, except that the prefix _____ is added to the root.
-yne
Name the molecule in the picture.
1,2-dimethylbenzene
Give the name for the cycloalkane:
1,2-dimethylcyclopentane
Name the aromatic hydrocarbon molecule in the picture; all three represent the same one:
1,3,5-trimethylbenzene
Q25 Name the cycloalkene molecule in the picture:
1,3-dimethyl-1-cyclopentene
Name the molecule in the picture. (Circular molecule with CH3 attached to 1 and 3.)
1,3-dimethylbenzene
Name the molecule in the picture. [Straight Chain molecule with a double bond at 1-2 and 3-4]
1,3-hexadiene
Name the molecule. (3 C atoms and 6 H atoms. NH2 connected on both sides.)
1,3-propanediamine
Name the molecule in the picture. (Circular molecule with CH3 connected to 1 and 4.)
1,4-dimethylbenzene
Q24 Name the cycloalkene molecule in the picture:
1-cyclohexene
Give the name for the molecule. (Circular molecule with CH2CH3 attached to 1 and CH3 attached to 2.)
1-ethyl-2-methylcyclopentane
Name the molecule. (5 C atoms and 11 H atoms. OH atoms is connected to 1.)
1-pentanol
1.) Alkanes have low melting points and high boiling points. 2.) Most alkanes have low reactivity. 3.) Alkanes with slightly larger molecules, such as pentane and octane, exist as flammable liquids at room temperature.
1.) No 2.) Yes 3.) Yes
1.) Cycloalkanes are ring-shaped molecules. 2.) A cycloalkane molecule has 3 less hydrogen atoms because it has no ends for the hydrogen atoms to bond with. 3.) Cycloalkanes have higher boiling points and higher melting points, as well as higher densities, because their London dispersion forces are weaker than the intermolecular forces in their corresponding straight-chained alkanes.
1.) True 2.) False 3.) False
1.) Cycloalkanes can form branched structures. 2.) A cyclobutane molecule has a triangular shape. 3.) A cyclopentane molecule has a pentagon shape.
1.) True 2.) False 3.) True
1.) the position of the double covalent bond in alkenes is used in naming those with four or more carbon atoms 2.) in straight-chain and branched-chain alkenes, numbering of carbon atoms begins at the end farthest from the double covalent bond 3.) if a double covalent bond is between the fourth and the fifth carbon atoms in an alkene, the position designation will be four
1.) True 2.) False 3.) True
1.) Alkanes with small molecules have very weak London dispersion forces between them and are flammable gases at room temperature. 2.) They are soluble in water because they are nonpolar. 3.) Large molecules have the greatest London dispersion forces and are flammable solids.
1.) Yes 2.) No 3.) Yes
Q39 Look at at the structural formula given and identify: 1. )functional group: 2. )class of organic compounds: 3. ) compound name:
1.) amino 2.) amine 3.) 1,4-butanediamine
Carbon may be in isomeric compounds that have the same 1.) c formula but different 2.) e formulas or spatial orientations.
1.) c chemical 2.) e structural
Q26 Look at at the structural formula given and identify: 1. )functional group: 2. )class of organic compounds: 3. ) compound name:
1.) cabonyl 2.) ketone 3.) 2-pentanone
Q33 Look at at the structural formula given and identify: 1. )functional group: 2. )class of organic compounds: 3. ) compound name:
1.) carbonyl 2.) ketone 3.) methyl pentanoate
Q31 Look at at the structural formula given and identify: 1. )functional group: 2. )class of organic compounds: 3. ) compound name:
1.) carboxyl 2.) carboxylic acid 3.) butanaic acid
Q23 Look at at the structural formula given and identify: 1. )functional group: 2. )class of organic compounds: 3. ) compound name:
1.) carboyl 2.) aldehyde 3.) butanal
Both chemical and molecular formulas use 1.) element symbols and, 2.) subscripts to indicate the number of each element or group of elements in a chemical compound. However, a molecular formula also indicates the arrangement of atoms, especially 3.) substituent groups, in a molecule.
1.) element 2.) subscripts 3.) substituent
Q19 Look at the structural formula and identify: 1. functional group: 2. class of organic compounds: 3. compound name:
1.) ether 2.) ether 3.) ethyl butyl ether
Look at the structural formula given and identify: 1.) functional group: 2.) class of organic compounds: 3.) compound name: ⠀⠀ H ⠀Br⠀Br⠀H⠀Br⠀H ⠀⠀⠀|⠀⠀|⠀⠀ |⠀⠀|⠀⠀|⠀⠀| H - C - C - C - C - C - C - H ⠀⠀⠀|⠀⠀|⠀⠀ |⠀⠀|⠀⠀|⠀⠀| ⠀⠀ H⠀ H⠀ H⠀ H⠀ H⠀ H
1.) halogen 2.) alkyl halide 3.) 2,3,5-tribromohexane
1.) Sodium Chloride (Melting Point; In Ethanol; In Water: Conductivity) 2.) Potassium Iodide (Melting Point; In Ethanol; In Water: Conductivity) 3.) Phenyl Salicylic (Melting Point; In Ethanol; In Water: Conductivity) 4.) Citric Acid (Melting Point; In Ethanol; In Water: Conductivity) 5.) Unknown 1 (Melting Point; In Ethanol; In Water: Conductivity) 6.) Unknown 2 (Melting Point; In Ethanol; In Water: Conductivity)
1.) high; no; yes; yes 2.) high; no; yes; yes 3.) low; yes; no; no 4.) low; yes; yes; yes 5.) low; yes; no; yes 6.) high; no; yes; yes
Look at the structural formula given and identify: 1.) functional group: 2.) class of organic compounds: 3.) compound name: ⠀⠀OH⠀H⠀Br⠀H⠀OH ⠀⠀⠀|⠀⠀|⠀⠀ |⠀⠀|⠀⠀| H - C - C - C - C - C - H ⠀⠀⠀|⠀⠀|⠀⠀ |⠀⠀|⠀⠀| ⠀⠀ H⠀ H⠀ H⠀ H⠀ H
1.) hydroxyl 2.) alcohol 3.) 1,5-pentanediol
In relation to their type of reaction, organic acids are 1.) less active than inorganic acids.In relation to their melting point, generally speaking, organic compounds have a lower 2.) melting point than inorganic compounds.
1.) less 2.) melting
1.) -CH3 2.) -CH2CH3 3.) -CH2CH2CH3 4.) -CH2CH2CH2CH3
1.) methyl 2.) ethyl 3.) propyl 4.) butyl
Cis is Latin for 1.) on the same side while trans means 2.) on the other side.
1.) on the same side 2.) on the other side
Based on the tests and data collected, you may conclude that Unknown 1 is a(n) 1.) organic compound and Unknown 2 is a(n) 2.) inorganic compound.
1.) organic 2.) inorganic
Using the general formula, what would be the number of hydrogen atoms for an alkene with 5 carbon atoms?
10
Q22 Give the name for the branched hydrocarbon:
2,3-dimethylhexane
Q14 Name the alkadiene in the picture:
2,4-hexadiene
Name molecule in the picture. (14 H and 8 C. Double bond at 2 and 5.)
2,5-octadiene
Name the cycloalkene molecule in the picture. [Cycloalkene with CH3 at 1, CH2CH3 at 2, and a double bond at 5-1]
2-ethyl-1-methyl-5-cyclopentene
Give the name for the molecule.
2-ethyl-1-methylcyclopentane
Q23 Give the name for the branched hydrocarbon:
2-ethyloctane
Name the alkyne molecule in the picture.
2-heptyne
Q10 Name the alkene in the picture:
2-hexene
Q17 Name the branched-chain molecule in the picture:
2-methyl-1,3-pentadiene
Name the branched-chain molecule in the picture:
2-methyl-1-pentene
Give the name for the molecule.
2-methylpentane
Give the name for the molecule. (14 H and 5 C. CH3 attached to 2.)
2-methylpentane
Q24 Give the name for the molecule:
2-methylpentane
Name the molecule. (10 H and 5 C. O connected to 2 with double bond.)
2-pentanone
Name the molecule. (3 C atoms and 6 H atoms. O atom connected to 2 with a double bond.)
2-propanone
Name the molecule. (Molecule with 8 C atoms and 16 H atoms. Double bond at 3 and 4)
3,5-dimethyl-3-hexene
Q15 Name the alkadiene in the picture:
3,5-octadiene
Name the molecule. (The class name is alkane.) (16 H and 7 C. C2H5 (ethyl) attached to 3.)
3-ethyl pentane
Name the molecule. (The class name is alkane.) ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ H ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀H - C - H ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀H - C - H ⠀⠀ H⠀ H⠀⠀|⠀⠀H⠀OH ⠀⠀⠀|⠀⠀|⠀⠀ |⠀⠀|⠀⠀| H - C - C - C - C - C - H ⠀⠀⠀|⠀⠀|⠀⠀ |⠀⠀|⠀⠀| ⠀⠀ H⠀ H⠀ H⠀ H⠀ H
3-ethyl pentane
Give the name for the molecule. [Its the big straight one]
3-ethyl-2,4-dimethylpentane
Q18 Name the branch-chained molecule in the picture:
3-ethyl-2,5-dimethyl-1,4-hexadiene
Q11 Name the alkene in the picture:
3-heptene
Q34 Name the alkyne molecule in the picture:
3-methyl-1-pentyne
Q35 Name the alkyne molecule in the picture:
4-ethyl-6-methyl-2-octyne
Name the alkyne molecule in the picture. (14 H and 7 C. Triple bond at 2.)
4-methyl-2-heptyne
Using the general formula, what would be the number of hydrogen atoms for an alkene with 4 carbon atoms?
8
_____ charcoal has an increased porosity that gives it the ability to adsorb even larger quantities of impurities.
Activated
The following is the third and last procedure in naming branched-chain hydrocarbons.
Add the position number to each alkyl group.
________ is a class of organic compounds consisting of hydrocarbon molecules in which a carbonyl functional group bonded to a hydrogen atom is substituted for a carbon group at the end of a hydrocarbon chain.
Aldehyde
_____ halide is a class of organic compounds consisting of hydrocarbon molecules in which one or more halogen atoms are substituted for one or more hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbon.
Alkyl
_________ is a class of organic compounds consisting of hydrocarbon molecules in which one or more amino functional groups are substituted for one or more carbon groups in a hydrocarbon chain.
Amine
Unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain 6-sided resonance structures called benzene rings are ________ hydrocarbons.
Aromatic
_____________ hydrocarbons are unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain 6-sided resonance structures called benzene rings.
Aromatic
Q16 Write the condensed formula for the structural formula given:
CH3 ー CH ー CH2 ー CH3 ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀| ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀CH3
Q17 Write the condensed formula for the structural formula given:
CH3 ー CH2 ー CH2 ー CH3
Which is NOT one of the reasons that carbon forms so many compounds?
Carbon atoms are from molecules that are extremely polar so they attract other molecules, such as water.
____________ acid is a class of organic compounds consisting of hydrocarbon molecules in which one or more carboxyl functional groups are substituted for one or more carbon groups in a hydrocarbon chain.
Carboxylic
_________ of carbon atoms will cause alkenes to be oriented in a linear arrangement, even though a double bond is involved.
Catenation
_________ is the bonding together of atoms of the same element to form covalently bonded chains or rings.
Catenation
What is the general formula that shows the mathematical relationship between atoms in a straight-chain alkene?
CnH2n
What is the general formula for a straight-chain alkyne?
CnH2n-2
Which of the following are organic compounds?
DNA carbohydrates oil
Which is NOT a good way to reduce polymer waste?
Dispose of polymers directly into landfills. Find polymers that can substitute for our biodegradable natural materials.
Which is NOT a good way to reduce polymer waste? Select all that apply.
Dispose of polymers directly into landfills. Find polymers that can substitute for our biodegradable natural materials.
__________ is a class of organic compounds consisting of hydrocarbon molecules in which a carbonyl functional group bonded to an oxygen atom joins two alkyl groups.
Ester
Ether is a class of organic compounds formed when two alkyl groups are joined together by a(n) _______ functional group (oxygen atom).
Ether
The German chemist, __________, disproved the thought that all organic compounds could be produced only by living organisms.
Friedrich Wöhler
__________ is an addition reaction in which two halogen atoms are added to an unsaturated organic molecule to produce a saturated alkyl halide containing two halogens.
Halogenation
____________ is an addition reaction in which a hydrogen atom and a hydroxyl group are added to an unsaturated organic molecule to produce a saturated alcohol molecule.
Hydration
An addition reaction in which hydrogen atoms are added to an unsaturated organic molecule to increase its saturation is ___________.
Hydrogenation
____________ is an addition reaction in which hydrogen atoms are added to an unsaturated organic molecule to increase its saturation.
Hydrogenation
______________ is an addition reaction in which a hydrogen atom and a halogen atom from a hydrogen halide are added to an unsaturated organic molecule to produce a saturated alkyl halide.
Hydrohalogenation
The following is the second procedure in naming branched-chain hydrocarbons.
Identify the alkyl groups and arrange their names in alphabetical order in front of the name of the parent chain.
_______ is the relationship between two or more compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structural arrangements or spatial orientations. In other words, two compounds may have the same number and type of atoms, but the atoms may be arranged differently.
Isomerism
Why is charcoal used in filters to remove impurities from the air and water?
It has a large porosity and surface area.
What was the effect of the carbon on the sugar solution?
It removed the color through absorption.
________ is a class of organic compounds consisting of hydrocarbon molecules in which a carbonyl functional group is substituted for a carbon group in the middle of a hydrocarbon chain.
Ketone
The following is the first procedure in naming branched-chain hydrocarbons.
Locate the parent chain (longest continuous chain of carbon atoms) and number the carbon atoms.
______ chemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with organic compounds.
Organic
Which is NOT a good way to reduce polymer waste? Select all that apply.
Outlaw the use of plastics. Use and dispose of polymers directly into landfills.
These are all addition polymers:
PVC PEX PS PP LDPE HDPE
_____ is the process of linking monomers together to form a polymer.
Polymerization
_____________ is the process of linking monomers together to form a polymer.
Polymerization
______ hydrocarbons are organic compounds that consist of hydrocarbons to which one or more functional groups have been substituted for one or more hydrogen atoms or carbon groups.
Substituted
2 eth- d C2H6 4 g butane C4H10 5 f pentane C5H12 6 hex- b C6H14 7 c heptane C7H16
a. methyl b. hexane c. hept- d. ethane e. C6H12 f. pent- g. but-
A(n) ____ reaction will increase an organic molecule's saturation by causing multiple bonds to convert to single bonds.
addition
A(n) _____ polymer is a polymer that is produced by addition reactions between monomers so that covalent bonds are rearranged without the loss of atoms.
addition
A(n) _____ reaction will increase an organic molecule's saturation by causing multiple bonds to convert to single bonds.
addition
A(n) __________ polymer is a polymer that is produced by addition reactions between monomers so that covalent bonds are rearranged without the loss of atoms.
addition
A(n) ___________ reaction is an organic chemical reaction in which two parts of a molecule are added to an unsaturated molecule to increase the saturation of that molecule.
addition
An organic chemical reaction in which two parts of a molecule are added to an unsaturated molecule to increase the saturation of that molecule is a(n) __________ reaction.
addition
Hydrogenation, hydration, halogenation, and hydrohalogenation are all examples of __________ reactions.
addition
Q11 Classify the following reaction by determining its type:
addition
To increase the saturation of an organic molecule, a(n) __________ reaction will cause multiple bonds to convert to single bonds.
addition
A class of organic compounds consisting of hydrocarbon molecules in which one or more hydroxyl functional groups are substituted for one or more hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbon is ___________.
alcohol
Name the organic compound with the general formula R-OH?
alcohol
Name the organic compound with the general formula R-OH and name its functional group.
alcohol, hydroxyl
Ethers are more volatile and have lower boiling points than __________.
alcohols
Q22 Name the organic compound with the general formula:
aldehyde
What is the class name with the general formula (aldehyde)?
aldehyde
Name the organic compound that has the general formula (aldehyde, carbonyl) and name its functional group.
aldehyde, carbonyl
Name the organic compound that has the general formula and name its functional group.
aldehyde, carbonyl
An alkene with two double covalent carbon-to-carbon bonds is called a(n) ___________.
alkadiene
A saturated hydrocarbon that uses only single covalent bonding is called a(n) ______.
alkane
A(n) ____ is a saturated hydrocarbon that uses only single covalent bonding.
alkane
What is the name given to a saturated hydrocarbon that uses only single covalent bonds?
alkane
Which of the following compounds is NOT an unsaturated hydrocarbon?
alkane
An alkene with three double covalent carbon-to-carbon bonds is called a(n) ___________.
alkatriene
A(n) __________ is an unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains one or more double covalent carbon-to-carbon bonds.
alkene
An unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains one or more double covalent carbon-to-carbon bonds is called a(n) ___.
alkene
A substituent group that consists of an alkane molecule from which one hydrogen atom has been removed is called a(n) ___________ group.
alkyl
A(n) _______ group is a substituent group that consists of an alkane molecule from which one hydrogen atom has been removed.
alkyl
A(n) _______________ group is a substituent group that consists of an alkane molecule from which one hydrogen atom has been removed.
alkyl
Name the organic compound with the general formula: R—X
alkyl halide
What is the organic compound with the general formula R—X?
alkyl halide
Choose the organic compound with the general formula R-X and name its functional group.
alkyl halide, halogen
Name the organic compound with the general formula R--"X and name its functional group:
alkyl halide, halogen
A(n) alkene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains one or more triple covalent carbon-to-carbon bonds.
alkyne
A(n) alkyne is an unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains one or more triple covalent carbon-to-carbon bonds.
alkyne
A(n) is an unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains one or more triple covalent carbon-to-carbon bonds.
alkyne
An unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains one or more triple covalent carbon-to-carbon bonds is called a(n) ________.
alkyne
Q38 Name the organic compound with the general formula:
amine
What is the group name with the general formula (amine)?
amine
Name the organic compound with the general formula R-N-H2 and name its functional group.
amine, amino
Name the organic compound with the general formula and name its functional group.
amine, amino
A(n) _________ functional group is a substituent group, consisting of a nitrogen atom and two hydrogen atoms, which gives amines their chemical and physical properties. Amines are formed when one hydrogen atom of an ammonia molecule is replaced with a hydrocarbon.
amino
Amines are very important to biochemistry, since they form such vital compounds as _______ acids.
amino
What is polymer?
any of numerous natural and synthetic compounds of high molecular weight consisting of up to millions of repeatedly linked units of relatively light and simple molecules
Alkenes have relatively low melting points and ________ points.
boiling
A ____________________ alkane is a saturated hydrocarbon with one or more substituent groups that branch off from the straight chain.
branched-chain
Catenation allows carbon atoms to form three types of organic molecular structures, including _______________ structures, _____________ structures, and _____________ structures, or cyclic structures.
branched-chain ring straight-chain
A(n) _____________ alkene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon with one or more double covalent carbon-to-carbon bonds and one or more substituent groups that branch off from the parent chain.
branched-chained
A(n) _____________ is a product made as a result of making another product.
by-product
Both condensation and elimination reactions produce a(n) ____________ in the form of a small molecule such as water.
by-product
All organic compounds contain the element ___________.
carbon
The general formula CnH2n+2, allows us to find the number of hydrogen atoms in an alkane given the number of _________ atoms.
carbon
There are three groups that contain carbon but are not organic compounds:
carbon oxides carbides carbonates
A(n) ________ functional group is a substituent group consisting of a carbon atom bonded to an oxygen atom with a double covalent bond, which gives the chemical and physical properties to aldehydes, esters, ketones, and other substituted hydrocarbons.
carbonyl
The difference between an aldehyde and a ketone is the location of the ____ group.
carbonyl
A(n) __________ functional group is a substituent group consisting of a carbonyl group bonded to a hydrogen atom that has been replaced with a hydroxyl group (-OH), which gives carboxylic acids their chemical and physical properties.
carboxyl
Q30 Name the organic compound with the general formula:
carboxylic acid
What is the class name with the general formula (carboxylic acid)?
carboxylic acid
Name the organic compound with the general formula (carboxylic acid, carboxyl) and name its functional group.
carboxylic acid, carboxyl
Name the organic compound with the general formula and name its functional group.
carboxylic acid, carboxyl
The bonding together of atoms of the same element to form covalently bonded chains or rings is _____.
catenation
Carbon forms covalent bonds with many elements but based on the information in the lesson, it probably would NOT easily bond with:
cesium
What is the name of the solid product left from the destructive distillation of wood?
charcoal
If both carbon groups of an alkene are oriented on the same side of a double bond, they are ____ isomers.
cis
A(n) ______________ isomer is one of a pair of isomers in which the atoms of the two molecules are arranged in the same order but with different spatial orientations.
cis-trans
Q24 Label as structural or cis-trans isomers:
cis-trans
The two types of isomers are:
cis-trans structural
A condensation polymer is a polymer that is produced by _____ reactions that link monomers together and release small molecules, such as water, as by-products.
condensation
A condensation polymer is a polymer that is produced by __________ reactions that link monomers together and release small molecules, such as water, as by-products.
condensation
A(n) __________ reaction is an organic reaction in which two molecules or parts of molecules are combined.
condensation
An organic reaction in which two molecules or parts of molecules are combined is a(n) _____ reaction.
condensation
An other type of addition reaction along with hydration, hydrogenation, and halogenation is _______.
condensation
Q18 Classify the following reaction by determining its type:
condensation
Some of the types of reactions listed are NOT a type of addition reaction; which ones?
condensation
Which one(s) is (are) NOT a type of addition reaction?
condensation
Which of types of reactions produce a small molecule by-product, such as water? Select all that apply.
condensation elimination
A saturated hydrocarbon with a cyclic molecular structure is a(n) _____.
cycloalkane
A(n) ____________________ is a saturated hydrocarbon with a cyclic molecular structure.
cycloalkane
A(n) _____________ is an unsaturated hydrocarbon that has a cyclic molecular structure and at least one double covalent carbon-to-carbon bond.
cycloalkene
Give the name for the molecule. (12 H and 6 C. Circular molecule.)
cyclohexane
Electrons that divide their time evenly among all the carbon atoms of a benzene molecule are said to be ________.
delocalized
Because of their ____ bonds, alkenes are slightly more reactive than alkanes.
double
A(n) ___________ reaction can be used to turn a nonreactive saturated molecule into a more reactive unsaturated organic molecule.
elimination
A(n) ____________ reaction is an organic reaction in which atoms or functional groups are removed from adjacent carbon groups of a molecule, and which results in the production of a small molecule, such as water.
elimination
Dehydrogenation, dehydration, and dehalogenation are all examples of __________ reactions.
elimination
Q15 Classify the following reaction by determining its type:
elimination
Q34 What is the organic compound with the general formula?
ester
What is the class name with the general formula (ester)?
ester
Name the organic compound with its general formula (ester, carbonyl) and name its functional group.
ester, carbonyl
Name the organic compound with its general formula and name its functional group.
ester, carbonyl
What is the class name with the general formula (ether)?
ether
What is the organic compound with the general formula (ether)?
ether
What is the organic compound with the general formula ?
ether
What is the organic compound with the general formula R-O-R'?
ether
Give the name for the alkyl.
ethyl
A substituent group that defines the physical and chemical properties of an organic compound is a(n) ______ group.
functional
A(n) ___________ group is a substituent group that defines the physical and chemical properties of an organic compound.
functional
An ether ____________ group is a substituent group consisting of an oxygen atom, which gives an ether its chemical and physical properties.
functional
2 eth- g C2H6 4 but- butane c 5 b pentane C5H12 6 hex- hexane d 7 f heptane C7H16
g. ethane c. C4H10 b. pent- d. C6H14 f. hept-
Cis-trans isomers are also called _____ isomers because their isomerism is based on the spatial orientations of the atoms in the molecule.
geometric
The functional group of an alkyl halide is a(n) ____________ atom.
halogen
A class of organic compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms is called a(n) ____________.
hydrocarbon
A(n) ____ is a class of organic compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms.
hydrocarbon
A saturated hydrocarbon contains the maximum number of ___________ molecules that a molecule with that number of carbon atoms can hold.
hydrogen
The hydroxyl group of an alcohol forms ____________ bonds with water molecules, which is why ethanol and water are completely miscible (one dissolves in the other in any proportion).
hydrogen
A(n) ____________ functional group is a substituent group, consisting of an oxygen atom covalently bonded to a hydrogen atom, which provides the chemical and physical properties for alcohols.
hydroxyl
Alcohol is a class of organic compounds consisting of hydrocarbon molecules in which one or more __________ functional groups are substituted for one or more hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbon.
hydroxyl
What is the group name with the general formula (hydroxyl)?
hydroxyl
Which is NOT one of the reasons that carbon forms so many compounds?
ionic bonding
A structural ____________ is one of several isomers in which the atoms of each molecule are arranged in a different structural order.
isomer
A(n)____________ is one of two or more compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structural arrangements or spatial orientations.
isomer
One of two or more compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structural arrangements or spatial orientations is a(n) _____.
isomer
One of two or more compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structural arrangements or spatial orientations is a(n) _______.
isomer
Q27 What is the organic compound with the general formula?
ketone
What is the class name with the general formula (ketone)?
ketone
Name the organic compound with the general formula (ketone, carbonyl) and name its functional group.
ketone, carbonyl
Name the organic compound with the general formula and name its functional group.
ketone, carbonyl
What is the name of the amorphous carbon that forms when a liquid hydrocarbon is burned?
lampblack
Alkenes can be _____, ______, or gases, depending on the size of the molecule.
liquids solids
Give the name for the alkyl.
methyl
What is the name for this alkyl?
methyl
A(n) ____________ formula, like a chemical formula, is a symbolic representation of a chemical compound that uses element symbols and subscripts to indicate the number of each element or group of elements in a chemical compound. However, a molecular formula also indicates the arrangement of atoms, especially substituent groups, in a molecule.
molecular
A ____ is one of the individual repeating units that make up a polymer.
monomer
Each of the individual repeating units that make up a polymer is a monomer.
monomer
Alkenes are ___________, so they do not dissolve in water.
nonpolar
Complete the table with the data from the lab by describing the chemical reactions.
nothing nothing nothing
Some of the condensation polymers are:
nylon PET
These are examples of condensation polymers:
nylon PET polyester fibers
These are examples of condensation polymers:
nylon polyester fibers PET
Simple alkenes contain ________ double covalent bond.
one
The branch of chemistry that deals with organic compounds is called __________ chemistry.
organic
The name for the branch of chemistry that deals with organic compounds is _____ chemistry.
organic
Which is the name for the branch of chemistry that deals with organic compounds?
organic
The _____________ is the straight chain of a branched-chain hydrocarbon molecule.
parent chain
A _________ is a large molecule made of many smaller units joined together by addition or condensation reactions.
polymer
Give the name for the alkyl.
propyl
Give the name for the alkyl. -CH2CH2CH3
propyl
One way to reduce polymer waste is to _____.
recycle
Some ways to reduce the amount of polymer waste can be:
recycle household plastics into useful products cut down on the amount of polymers we use develop cheap biodegradable polymers that decompose into their component elements
The type of covalent bonding between carbon atoms in an aromatic hydrocarbon is called ____ bonding.
resonance
What are three examples of common polymers that you use on a regular basis?
rubber bands jello sneakers
A(n) ____ hydrocarbon is a hydrocarbon in which the atoms of each molecule use only single covalent bonds and each carbon atom is bonded to four other atoms.
saturated
A(n) _______________ hydrocarbon is a hydrocarbon in which the atoms of each molecule use only single covalent bonds and each carbon atom is bonded to four other atoms.
saturated
A(n) ___________ alkene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon in which the carbon atoms of each molecule are bonded in a linear arrangement without branches and which includes at least one double covalent carbon-to-carbon bond.
straight-chain
A(n) ____________________ alkane is a saturated hydrocarbon in which the carbon atoms of each molecule are bonded in a linear arrangement without branches.
straight-chain
Q23 Label as structural or cis-trans isomers:
structural
Q25 Label as structural or cis-trans isomers:
structural
A(n) ____ group is an atom or group of atoms that replaces a hydrogen atom or carbon group in an organic compound.
substituent
An atom or groups that replaces a hydrogen atom or carbon group in an organic compound is called a(n) ___________ group.
substituent
The name give to an atom or group of atoms that replaces a hydrogen atom or carbon group in an organic compound is a(n) ______ group.
substituent
What is the name given to an atom or group of atoms that replaces a hydrogen atom or carbon group in an organic compound?
substituent
Organic compounds that consist of hydrocarbons to which one or more functional groups have been substituted for one or more hydrogen atoms or carbon groups are called _________________ hydrocarbons.
substituted
A reaction in which a more electronegative atom replaces a hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon molecule is a(n) _______ reaction.
substitution
A(n) __________ reaction is an organic chemical reaction in which an atom or carbon group in a molecule of one organic compound is replaced with another atom or functional group to create a new compound.
substitution
An organic chemical reaction in which an atom or carbon group in a molecule of one organic compound is replaced with another atom or functional group to create a new compound is a(n) _____________ reaction.
substitution
In a/an ____ reaction, a more electronegative atom replaces a hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon molecule.
substitution
Q3 Classify the following reaction by determining its type:
substitution
What is the name given to an organic chemical reaction in which an atom or carbon group in a molecule of one organic compound is replaced with another atom or functional group to create a new compound?
substitution
When one carbon group is oriented above the double bond and the other one is oriented below an alkene's double bond, it is a(n) _________ isomer.
trans
A hydrocarbon in which the atoms of each molecule use multiple covalent carbon-to-carbon bonds or resonant bonding, as well as single covalent bonds is a(n) ___________ hydrocarbon.
unsaturated
A hydrocarbon molecule is ____ if it contains less than the maximum amount of hydrogen atoms that a molecule with that many carbon atoms could hold.
unsaturated
Alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons are __________ because some of their carbon atoms are bonded to less than four other atoms.
unsaturated
Saturated hydrocarbons include only one series of compounds called alkanes, but _____________ hydrocarbons contain compounds like alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons.
unsaturated
In his lab, Friedrich Wöhler accidentally synthesized _________, which is produced in the human body.
urea
Zinc (HCl; HoC6H4COOH; HC2H3O2)
vigorous and fast; gentle and slow; gentle and slow
Lab: Carbon
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Lab: Making Slime
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Lab: Properties of Organic Compounds
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Lesson 1 - Organic Chemistry
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Lesson 2 - Saturated Hydrocarbons
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Lesson 3 - Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
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Lesson 4 - Functional Groups
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Lesson 5 - Organic Reactions and Polymers
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Practice Test
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Quiz 1
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Quiz 2
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Unit 9 Test [~90%]
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_____ is an organic reaction that causes single bonds to convert to multiple bonds.
✘ Condensation
A(n) _____________ is different from an alkene because it contains one or more triple covalent carbon-to-carbon bonds.
✘ alkatriene
Because of its ______, carbon can form covalent bonds with up to 4 atoms.
✘ molecular geometry