CHES practice questions
When monitoring intervention financial resources, which of the following specifically provides for fiscal accountability measurement? a) Accounting process b) Acquisition assessment c) Internal audit d) Funding stability ratio
D
In the ecological model, behavior has many influences. Which level best describes the role of cultural values, norms, and a built environment? a) Community b) Intrapersonal c) Organizational d) Interpersonal
a
The health education specialist can influence policymaking at the implementation stage by: a) offering comment on draft rules. b) recommending changes based on operational experience. c) defining the problem. d) evaluating policy solutions.
a
The health problems of a priority population are best identified through: a) community assessment. b) a contingency plan. c) a program evaluation. d) coalition building.
a
The health education specialist developed a new train-the-trainer program for a statewide positive mental health promotion initiative. Which tool would best communicate training program plans and parameters? a) Learning principle b) Training manual c) Fidelity framework d) Logistic assessment
b
What percentage of the total program budget should be set aside for evaluation? a) 5% b) 10% c) 15% d) 50%
c
In the informational training related to an adolescent health literacy pilot program, the attendees, all of whom are classroom teachers, state that instead of having a single facilitator come into their classroom to deliver the curriculum, they prefer to deliver it themselves. They make their case to the trainer, stating they are classroom teachers and, as such, know how to deliver curriculum. Which of the following concepts does the trainer use to explain why this health education curriculum is being implemented with a single facilitator? a) Validity b) Reliability c) Evaluation d) Fidelity
d
Set of communication tools for education and persuasion using paid media is which of the following? a) Promotion b) Publicity c) Advocacy d) Advertising
d
The health education specialist is reading a meta-analysis of balance interventions involving frail elderly. Although this analysis can assist in guiding their senior exercise programming decisions, the health education specialist also must be aware of its limitations, including: a) nonspurious relationships. b) unique sample population. c) time-bound results. d) lack of uniformity of methodology.
d
The health education specialist realizes that although already being connected with legislators and having collaborated with many advocacy coalitions, the specialist lacks important advocacy skills and has limited personal financial resources. The best recognized opportunity to overcome these barriers to being an advocate is to: a) participate in national action. b) enroll in a graduate degree program. c) conduct an environmental scan of affiliates. d) attend an advocacy webinar series.
d
To facilitate understanding and sensitivity for various cultures, values, and traditions, which statement is true? a) A high degree of depth of cultural knowledge is necessary to be effective. b) Cultural awareness and openness to other cultures is often sufficient. c) Cultural sensitivity requires setting values on differences to reduce conflict. d) Cultural competence includes knowledge, awareness, and sensitivity.
d
To gain organizational acceptance for strategic plans, health education specialists should: a) work with colleagues to develop external strategic plans that do not require emphasizing organizational culture. b) pay less attention to organizational culture than to effective planning. c) work within the organizational culture that is determined by upper management. d) consider organizational culture, and develop and implement strategies to change that culture if needed.
d
Valid research designs allow valid conclusions to be drawn. Which type of validity is used to estimate the degree of cause and effect? a) External b) Primary c) Secondary d) Internal
d
When conducting a program staff training following the ARCS Motivation Model, the health education specialist wishes to improve trainee perception of relevance. Which of the following applications of the model would be best to use? a) Build positive learning expectations. b) Encourage new skills. c) Maintain attention. d) Tie instruction to past experience.
d
When health education specialists conduct training programs, it is important to use a variety of resources and strategies to: a) ensure that all the necessary material is covered. b) accommodate funders' expectations. c) reduce the costs associated with training. d) reach as many of the learners as possible.
d
"Among program participants, smoking rates will decrease by 35% in 12 months" is an example of which type of objective? a) Behavioral b) Learning c) Administrative d) Environmental
A
Which of the following is not one of Frieden's Six Components for Effective Public Health Program Implementation? Use: a) multiple, high-priority interventions. b) innovation for evidence base development. c) partnerships and coalitions. d) effective program management.
A
Which social determinant should the health education specialist consider when analyzing knowledge acquisition among youth participating in a risk reduction intervention? a) Circumstances B) Relationships C) Connections D) Environments
A
Which type of literature review typically is used to identify current gaps in the literature after comprehensively reviewing the literature on a topic? a) Systematic review b) Meta-analysis c) Pooled analysis d) Computerized review
A
To determine the validity of existing data, the health education specialist: a) Examines the references for commonly cited sources in multiple publications. b) Uses only peer-reviewed articles contained in databases. c) Sends the information out to a panel of experts. d) Looks online to verify the information on multiple sites.
a
To determine whether a proposed intervention will work as designed, the health education specialist could conduct a(n): a) pilot test b) impact evaluation c) market analysis d) participant interview
a
Using an ecological approach, the health education specialist identifies an organizational-level local business to be a member of a preventive mental health coalition. That business was selected because hiring personnel employ military veterans, many of whom suffered from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The role that local business plays on the coalition is that of a: a) stakeholder b) partner c) priority population d) influencer
a
What is an effective way to identify stakeholders? a) Contact people in the target community to gather categories and names. b) Use people who are known and have worked on other projects. c) Gather people in professional organizations who have worked in the general region. d) Work primarily with political organizations that work with segments of the community.
a
When a media advocacy campaign is used to educate about proposed policy changes, decision-makers with the power to affect change are which type of audience? a) Primary b) Secondary c) Tertiary d) Quaternary
a
When allocating resources, good managers: a) use the organization's needs to drive use of current resources and projections for future resources. b) focus primarily on handling accounting to make sure resources are not overspent. c) delegate resource management planning to staff who they manage. d) pay most attention to ensuring the efficient use of resources rather than effective use.
a
When applying traditional marketing principles to health education interventions, the "product" is usually the: a) behavior change b) tangible good c) location d) monetary cost
a
When designing audience-centered, culturally appropriate health education materials, it is essential to: a) involve the target audience in developing materials. b) keep the production costs low. c) determine education level of the target audience. d) outsource the publishing to another agency
a
When developing an assessment data analysis plan, which task should be considered first? a) Identify questions based on purpose of assessment. b) Define variables to be used in analysis. c) Select the statistical software to use. d) Describe data collection instruments.
a
Which of the following is an example of a correctly written learning objective? a) "Individuals participating in the health education program will be able to identify three ways to protect their skin from the sun by the end of the program." b) "Individuals in the program will increase sun exposure prevention activities by 25% by the sixth week of the program." c) "Seventy-five percent of individuals participating in the program will increase their knowledge of the harmful effects of sun exposure over the following three months." d) "Program health education specialists will identify 10 new participants for each program period."
a
Which of the following is an example of a method used during a social assessment? a) Delphi technique b) Construct validation c) Outcome evaluation d) Process evaluation
a
Which of the following is not an element of an effective advocacy plan? a) Market the coalition b) Identify goals c) Communication-persuasion model d) Strategize tactics
a
Which of the following is not one of the three important criteria, or the three Fs, of program planning? a) Funding b) Fluidity c) Flexibility d) Functionality
a
Which of the following survey tools would be best to use if the health education specialist has unlimited funds, wants to generate a high response rate, and wishes to keep selection bias low? a) Face-to-face interview b) Telephone survey c) Mail survey d) Online survey
a
Which type of objective is addressed in the following statement? "After completing the program, participants will be able to discuss three strategies to reduce the risk of falling." a) Outcome b) Environmental c) Process d) Learning
a
A computer application allows a patient to assess current cardiovascular fitness levels. Through the app, texts are sent to the patient's cellphone so that interaction throughout the day is provided for encouragement as well as to send information about the number of walking steps needed to achieve a pre-determined level. This provision of personalized support is referred to as what type of messaging? a) Motivational b) Tailored c) Targeted d) Marketing
b
A health education specialist creates a draft fact sheet about diabetes. A group of six individuals are recruited to read the fact sheet and answer a series of questions. This process is an example of: a) tailoring b) pilot testing c) cultural competency d) readability testing
b
A health education specialist is working on a new community planning initiative. The specialist wants to address community support and social network factors. Which determinant of health, therefore, will be addressed? a) Economic stability b) Social and community context c) Education d)Health and health care
b
A health education specialist wants to ensure a fact sheet on colon cancer prevention is suitable for the chosen priority population. Which of the following assessments should be used? a) SMOG b) SAM c) FOG d) FRY
b
A health education specialist who is designing a media advocacy initiative should incorporate which of the following as media strategies? a) Press release, exercise program, interviews, PSA b) An internet blog, radio interviews, social networking group site, PSA c) PSA, letter to the editor, behavior change intervention, TV interviews d) PSA, TV interviews, cooking classes, behavior change intervention
b
A health education specialist would like to use a planning tool in which the timeline for when specific tasks are to be accomplished before, during, and after a program. The health education specialist also would like to track actual accomplishment of these tasks using this same tool. Which of the following methods would be most useful? a) Logic model b) Gantt chart c) Progress report d) Activity log
b
A new HIV testing intervention is being planned to support efforts to increase screening rates. The intervention is planned to start in six months. Which of the following is a proven method to create a timeline and plan for the intervention? a) Weekly program meetings b) Critical path method c) Strategic plan d) Epidemiology curve
b
A smoking ban in casinos is which type of strategy in a state-wide smoking prevention program? a) Health communication b) Health policy c) Health mobilization d) Behavior change
b
A social media campaign leading with Facebook for its new drive-through immunization clinic was conducted in a health department. The health education specialist used the platform's analytics to determine the number of unique people who viewed the initial clinic kick-off post. The health education specialist is evaluating which type of social media reach? a) Likes b) Organic c) Paid d) Viral
b
An important indicator of capacity is "influence." What is true about influencers? a) One should primarily look for wealthy people to find influencers. b) People connected to large networks are often important influencers. c) Most influencers are people working in professional organizations. d) Influencers are rarely found in community neighborhoods.
b
An instrument that is used to measure what it purports to measure is said to be ______, while an instrument that repeatedly produces the same results is said to be ______. a) reliable, valid. b) valid, reliable. c) relevant, dependable. d) dependable, relevant.
b
Conducting a capacity assessment is focused on identifying: a) community needs b) community resources c) community weaknesses d) health problems
b
Due to financial constraints, a research team is only recruiting participants from three hospitals in the local metropolitan area. In doing so, the researchers have established: a) assumptions. b) delimitations. c) limitations. d) eliminations.
b
Health is impacted by a variety of different factors, but there are five major factors that contribute to the determinants of health for a population. Discrimination and income fall under which of the five major factors? a) Health behaviors b) Social environment or characteristics c) Physical environment d) Health services
b
In a priority population, the infant mortality rate and overall death rate for mothers with less than a high school education is almost twice as high as mothers with 13 or more years of education. These rates are examples of health: a) capacity b) disparities c) determinants d) equity
b
In advocacy evaluation, measuring campaign and message reach as well as activities and tactics used is considered which type of evaluation? a) Outcome b) Process c) Summative d) Impact
b
In developing a solid work plan to be specifically aligned to a logic model, which of the following should be included in the selected planning model? a) Project budgeting b) Intervention mapping c) Alternative strategies d) Training fidelity
b
Researching information about a legislator's voting record before an initial meeting is important. Many places to gather research exist. Which would be the most helpful in understanding the voting record of a member of the United States Congress? a) Capwiz b) BALLOTPEDIA c) SOPHE Action Center d) APHA Legislative Action
b
The agency administrator wants the big picture or summary of an intervention's resources, activities, and results. Therefore, the health education specialist creates which of the following to put in the report to the administrator? a) Marketing mix b) Logic model c) Instructional design framework d) Unit of study
b
The health education specialist asks an elected official to vote to increase funding for teen pregnancy prevention in the state. The specialist is engaged in: a) education b) lobbying c) advocacy d) public policy
b
The health education specialist can examine health determinants through a socio-ecological lens. Which socio-ecological and social determinant factor includes healthcare providers' recommendations? a) Policy b) Interpersonal c) Individual d) Community
b
The health education specialist is conducting a research study using an online survey in which participants' names are linked to their data. Of the following, which is the best way to protect participant confidentiality? a) Have only research assistants analyze the data. b) Store name separately from data and replace with unique identifier. c) Use group log-in IDs to access the data. d) Use untenable firewalls to protect data.
b
The health education specialist is creating a new program to increase cancer screenings. The specialist is looking for evidence-based strategies to promote mammograms. Which is the best source of information for that data? a) Community assessment reports b) Guide to Community Preventive Services c) Healthy People 2030 d) Community Toolbox
b
The health education specialist is planning a training workshop for research data collectors. Of the following, which training piece is most important to decrease time and effort spent to clean or correct data after collection? a) Data entry training at the same time b) Data collection pilot test c) Workshop held well in advance of data collection d) One training format used
b
The health education specialist is working with community groups to conduct legislative advocacy for change in the community. Which theory will best assist with this strategy? a) Theory of Planned Behavior b) Community Organizing Model c) Transtheoretical Model d) Social Cognitive Theory
b
The health education specialist wants to test some new questions and use a different program evaluation survey delivery method. To do so, which of the following would be implemented first? a) Poll b) Pilot test c) Pretest d) Posttest
b
The tool used to identify advocacy campaign resources and gaps is which of the following? a) Network assessment b) Asset inventory c) Alliance mapping d) Legislative tracker
b
Type of brief provided to a decision-maker when attempting to convince that person to take a specific action on an issue covers not only policy options but also policy recommendations. This type of brief is referred to as a/an: a) policy impact b) information c) policy d) issue
c
What is an important characteristic that defines "plain language?" Language: a) is used in federal agencies, so it is important to health education specialists. b) is presented simply with a low reading level. c) is presented in a way that the audience can understand it quickly. d) follows accepted rules of grammar and composition.
c
What is the main function of an Institutional Review Board (IRB)? To: a) check for spelling and grammatical errors. b) make sure the study is valid and reliable. c) protect human subjects involved in the research. d) make sure not to duplicate studies.
c
A health education specialist plans to conduct a food access and food desert assessment to determine how many grocery stores exist in the low-income areas of the community compared to other income level areas. When planning for the collection of secondary data, all of the following tasks should be included except to: identify existing data at the city, county, state and/or federal level. a) obtain resources and partners to access or collect data. b) create or adapt an existing instrument to collect observational data. c) describe how data would be d) systematically collected.
B
A health education specialist works as a patient educator at a healthcare institution. Part of the job is to work with patients who have recently suffered a heart attack. This type of prevention is an example of: a) primary b) tertiary c) secondary d) intermediate
B
When health education specialists are asked to verify the credibility of media sources for health information, they should consider the element of Currency. To what does this term refer? a) The monetary value of the media organization. b) How important the health information is for their priority population. c) How current or out-of-date the health information is for their health topic. d) The amount of federal funding received by the media organization.
c
Which of the following is an example of secondary data collection? a) Surveys b) Interviews c) Published literature d) Letters
c
Which of the following is not one of Frieden's Six Components for Effective Public Health Program Implementation? Use: a) innovation for evidence base development. b) partnerships and coalitions. c) multiple, high-priority interventions. d) effective program management.
c
Which of the following is typically measured in a process evaluation? a) Health status and quality of life indices b) Needs, gaps, and program goals c) Fidelity, completeness, and exposure d) Environmental changes and skills
c
Which of the following should be used to standardize intervention delivery by program staff? a) Motivation model b) Evaluation plan c) Training protocol d) Learning motivation
c
A health education specialist is planning to conduct a literature review specific to the resiliency of small rural communities affected by a natural disaster to cope and rebuild. Two important search strategies should include ________ and ________ for searches. a) listing of bibliographies; description of priority population b) meta-analysis; systematic reviews c) identification of key words; selected source/database(s) d) qualitative studies; quantitative studies
C
A seminar on high blood pressure for those who already are affected with high blood pressure is being provided as a part of a worksite wellness program. Which scenario facilitates active learning of workshop participants? a) Distribute materials on all aspects of high blood pressure. b) Discuss medical scenarios from authoritative sources. c) Have attendees practice taking blood pressure on one another. d) Review strategies to make lifestyle modifications.
C
The health education specialist is reviewing the evidence-informed findings of the Guide to Community Preventive Services. The health education specialist is most likely assessing resources related to: a) clinical preventive services b) coalition development c) intervention approaches d) policy development
C
When researchers and evaluators use a combination of different methods and strategies to examine evaluation or research questions from multiple different perspectives and vantage points it is called: a) multi-variate analysis. b) comprehensive assessment. c) professional diligence. d) mixed methods methodology.
d
Which of the following is not an adult learning principle? a) Conduct assessments to identify ways to engage adults and learn about their goals or objectives for the training. b) Ask about adults' past experience and knowledge, and use their experiences or knowledge to avoid providing redundant content during trainings. c) Actively involve adults in helping to set the curriculum, choosing training methods, or identifying training goals. d) Use a prescribed set of methods, perspectives, and content to standardize instruction and avoid confusion.
d
Which of the following is true about conducting an outcome evaluation of a communication campaign? Health education specialists are assessing: a) if certain materials are more effective than others. b) if expenditures are within budget. c) if the intended audience(s) are being reached with the communication outreach. d) the degree to which the communication objectives are achieved.
d
A health education specialist is considering using multiple models (e.g., assessment, behavioral change, and planning) during planning of the needs assessment process. Which of the following is the most likely reason for using this strategy? It will: a) assist in identifying types of data needed for the assessment and the factors that may impact development of the intervention. b) assist in creating a systematic approach for conducting a needs assessment and developing an intervention. c) provide insight for developing strategies to engage the community in the assessment process. d) provide the components to create a logic model and to identify gaps.
A
By 2024, volunteers will distribute informational factsheets to at least 50% of the program participants. This intent is an example of which type of objective? a) Process b) Impact c) Outcome d) Summative
A
Consumption, medication compliance, and self-care are considered which type of factors related to health a) behavioral b) beliefs c) genetics d) environment
A
The social media campaign to change social norms related to teen pregnancy that was developed by a health education specialist is reviewed by a group of adolescents from the priority population. Feedback from the adolescents allows the health education specialist to make changes before implementing the campaign, which refers to what type of evaluation? a) Formative b) Summative c) Impact d) Process
A
To increase the rate of prostate screening among men ages 50 and older is an example of what type of statement? a) Goal b) Mission c) Vision d) Objective
A
To provide patient-centered healthcare with excellence in quality, service, and access is an example of a/an: a) mission statement b) objective c) vision statement d) goal
A
When planning a diabetes prevention program following the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model, data on high sugar intake would fall into which assessment phase? a) Epidemiological assessment b) Social assessment and situational analysis c) Educational and ecological assessment d) Intervention alignment and administrative and policy assessment
A
When writing objectives for a worksite wellness program, the health education specialist wishes to measure any morbidity, mortality, and health status change that occurred as a result of the interventions. Which type of objective should be written? a) Outcome b) Process c) Impact d) Environmental
A
Which of the following is not an example of a timeline for the delivery of health education programs? a) Management by Objectives (MBO) b) Gantt chart c) Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) d) Critical Path Method (CPM)
A
The route through which a message is disseminated to the priority population is referred to as the communication: a) channel b) intervention c) strategy d) means
a
A health education specialist needs to determine specific alcohol, tobacco, and drug use prevention needs and immediately prioritize those needs with a few experts from the priority population. Which primary data collection technique would be the best to use in this scenario? a) observations b) nominal group process c) delphi panel d) focus group
B
A health education specialist is assessing which valid resource to use to obtain chronic disease-related morbidity and mortality trends in a specific local community. What would be the best resource to use to access that information? a) US Bureau of Census data b) County and State health-related agencies data c) Literature Review d) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) data
B
A Bullying Prevention community-wide intervention is being planned, with parents, of the priority population, targeted. The planning team is seeking specific information from local parents with children in grades K-12 to understand their opinions on approaches to strengthen school climate through parent teacher associations, volunteering opportunities, and school improvement events. The health education specialist should refer these local parents to what type of data collection method? a)Literature Review b) Focus group c) Survey d) Nominal group process
B
Vision statements are used to describe where a program will be in the next: a) 1 to 2 years b) 3 to 5 years c) 6 to 10 years d) 11 to 15 years
B
Which would be the best technique to determine whether patients have the skills necessary to prepare a healthy, low-calorie, low-fat meal? Have the patients: a) describe the steps they would follow to create the meal. b) create a meal through a simulation activity. c) take a valid test that covers the material. d) critique several meals created by other patients.
B
When engaging priority populations in program planning, participants are defined as: a) individuals who will be funding the program. b) print and broadcast media who will be publicizing the program. c) community members who will receive the program intervention. d) researchers who will be evaluating the success of the program.
C
The best objective for a training workshop to build the skills of smoking cessation facilitators would be "Upon completion of the training program, the participants will be able to": a) summarize most of the steps of the deep breathing technique taught in the workshop. b) list with 100% accuracy the steps of the deep breathing technique taught in the workshop. c) explain 8 of the 9 steps of the deep breathing technique taught in the workshop. d) demonstrate with 100% accuracy the deep breathing technique taught in the workshop.
D
Which of the following represents primary sources that a health education specialist could use for a community needs assessment? A) US census data, vital records, disease registries B) State health data from the health department C) Published scientific studies and reports D) Observations, surveys, and interviews
D
Which of the following represents primary sources that a health education specialist could use for a community needs assessment? a) US census data, vital records, disease registries b) State health data from the health department c) Published scientific studies and reports d) Observations, surveys, and interviews
D
A coalition determined there was a lack of collaboration among the numerous agencies, organizations, and individuals who provide health and emergency services in a community. The coalition decided to identify community members' issues and concerns with these services and determine level of usage of the existing agencies. The coalition aims to avoid duplication of services, while designing interventions to address concerns. Which of the following represents the best strategy to obtain data? a) Process evaluation b) Capacity assessment c) Asset mapping d) Program evaluation
a
A community agency personnel are targeting a variety of social ecological levels to help reduce drug use in the community. Some of the levels will take substantially more time to target. Rather than wait for all aspects of the intervention to be ready, the health education specialist looks to begin with one level and then will add in other levels over time. This process is an example of: a) phasing in b) pilot testing c) total implementation d) primary strategies
a
A health education specialist collects data in which the answers were either "yes" or "no." These data are what type? a) Nominal b) Ordinal c) Interval d) Ratio
a
A health education specialist is asked to measure actual use of a biking trail in a local community. Which of the following methods is best for measuring the actual use of the trail over a period of a week? a) Observation b) Surveys c) Focus groups d) Nominal group process
a
A health education specialist is interested in gaining the support of a large number of people from a metropolitan area in which the project is being implemented. Which one of the following communication channels would be best to use? a) Mass media b) Interpersonal c) Intrapersonal d) Institutional
a
A health education specialist is working with a local community organization to segment the population for implementing a new health communication campaign to address rising rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the community. What characteristics will the project lead focus on to effectively segment the population? a) Behavioral, demographic, and cultural characteristics of the population b) Duration/timeframe for implementing communication activities c) Program components needed to effectively implement the campaign d) Location of health care resources (e.g., fiscal, human, and technical)
a
An advantage of adopting an instrument for data collection is that: a) its reliability and validity can be used. b) substantial changes can be made. c) it's similar to developing a new instrument. d) permission for use is never necessary.
a
Health education specialists are encouraged to employ health literacy universal precautions when interacting with patients and delivering health education materials to communities. According to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), which of the following is not considered a health literacy universal precaution? a) Use numeric rates and statistics to enhance the credibility of your message. b) Supplement text with relevant multimedia, including images and videos. c) Highlight, bold, or create textboxes to display important main points. d) Use short sentences consisting of no more than 25 words.
a
If a health education specialist were creating an intervention that included written education materials, which of the following should be checked to best facilitate learning? a) Reading level of the written materials b) Health records of those exposed to the intervention c) Cost of a two-color brochure d) Literacy level of all in the priority population
a
In the strategic planning process after an organization defines or refines its mission statement, the next step is to: a) list internal and external strengths and opportunities. b) list mandates and resources. c) identify key stakeholders. d) write the initial report.
a
SMART objectives are statements in which the results of the program are described in measurable terms. SMART stands for Specific, Measurable, Attainable/Achievable, Realistic/Relevant, and Time-bound. Which of the following is a correctly written SMART objective? a) By the end of the program, 20% of respondents will report eating more fruits and vegetables. b) By the end of the program, respondents will exercise more. c) Respondents will report drinking 30% more water. d) Respondents will drink less alcohol by the end of the program.
a
The intervention program is doing so well that it needs to be expanded; however, the sponsoring agency has limited funding for expansion. The health education specialist found another agency willing to provide the sponsor with a larger venue in exchange for access to the sponsor's educational library. This method of financing the program is called: a) cooperative agreements. b) cost-sharing. c) third-party support. d) organizational sponsorship.
a
The main drawback of pilot testing interventions is that: a) The results may not be entirely generalizable. b) It is often too expensive to conduct. c) Too many of the priority population are involved, leaving few to participate in the actual intervention. d) The results seldom lead to changes in materials and/or strategies for the actual intervention.
a
A health education specialist is conducting research. Which of the following is not focused on ethical principles for conducting data collection? a) Beneficence b) Justice c) Respect for persons d) Validity
c
A health education specialist is targeting different groups of young adults for a physical activity intervention. The specialist wants to work with those who are ready to take action to get active within the next month. In what Stage of Change are these prospective participants? a) Precontemplation b) Contemplation c) Preparation d) Action
c
What method of data collection is most suited to programs that are well defined and have had numerical outcomes compared with those of other groups or the general population? a) Interpretive b) Inductive c) Qualitative d) Quantitative
d
A health education specialist in a hospital plans to post information throughout the facility to increase awareness of the potential dangers, spread, and prevention of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Which format would best accomplish this effort? a) A brochure containing detailed information b) Data printed from the CDC's website regarding coronavirus c) An infographic with data and short messages d) Graphics showing proper hand washing
c
A health education specialist finds that there are more people requesting a smoking cessation program than can be accommodated. This is an example of which type of need? a) Perceived b) Normative c) Expressed d) Relative
c
A health education specialist is collaborating with community stakeholders to create a health communication campaign in which mammography screenings are promoted broadly among African American women in the southeast United States. Which messaging technique would be most appropriate? a) Tailoring b) Audience Segmentation c) Targeting d) Narratives
c
A health education specialist needs to find adaptive leadership training to learn how to more effectively communicate with diverse populations in the community in which the specialist serves. Which of the following training titles and modalities would be most appropriate to meet this complex professional development goal? a) "Risk communication for public health emergencies" (90 min webinar) b) "Inter-generational dynamics: Speaking the lingo of different age groups for sex education" (2 hour in-person workshop) c) "Listening with cultural humility before communicating your messages" (hybrid: two 2-hour in-person workshops plus 2 coaching calls) d) "How to write more clearly: A primer for health literacy" (3 hour online self-paced module)
c
According to the Diffusion of Innovations theory, some groups in the population are resistant to change. These groups of people are referred to as the: a) innovators b) adopters c) laggards d) majority
c
According to which theory or model do people assess the threat of an emerging disease by assessing their perceived susceptibility against the severity of the disease? a) Social Cognitive Theory b) Diffusion of Innovations c) Health Belief Model d) Social Marketing
c
Advocacy initiatives are created to influence policy and law, and they include many strategy areas. In which of these areas would holding a town hall meeting fall? a) Electioneering b) Media advocacy c) Grassroots lobbying d) Direct lobbying
c
As people learn, which of the following yields the highest level of retention? What is: a)heard b) seen c) done and said d) read
c
Behavioral and learning objectives also may be referred to as: a) formative objectives b ) process objectives c) impact objectives d) outcome objectives
c
Data analysis methods should be specified during the ______ stage. a) evaluation b) assessment c) planning d) implementation
c
During program monitoring, the health education specialist determines that an educational curriculum needs modification. With modification, however, primary attention needs to be on: a) adapting program objectives. b) continuing program outputs. c) maintaining program fidelity. d) sustaining program budget.
c
Findings from an assessment revealed that the priority population's access to available community health care services is lower than another community with comparable demographics. They have identified a/an: a) perceived need b) expressed need c) actual need d) elative need
c
Following the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model, assessing if community members have adequate access to oral health care services is which type of factor in the educational and ecological assessment? a) Motivating b) Reinforcing c) Enabling d) Predisposing
c
In a health communication campaign for a walking program, it was emphasized that exercise can make a person feel better, other people are starting to participate in group fitness walks, and it is easy to reserve time in busy schedules for a short walk. The most likely behavior change theory on which the campaign was based is which of the following? a) Social cognitive b) Transtheoretical c) Theory of planned behavior d) Health belief
c
In conducting a smoking cessation program, which types of health education strategies most likely will encourage participants to start thinking about quitting? a) Identifying triggers that might encourage smoking b) Setting up a support group to reduce risk of smoking c) Increasing awareness of harmful effects of smoking d) Providing nicotine patches to ease the craving
c
In evaluating a legislative advocacy campaign, process indicators include: a) public attitude change b) policy adoption c) campaign reach d) policy awareness
c
In media advocacy, decision-makers, as an audience for the communications strategy, are what level of priority? a) Secondary b) Tertiary c) Primary d) Emergency
c
One of the first considerations when determining the potential appropriateness of an external organization for collaboration is an alignment of: a) organizational budget. b) staffing turnover. c) mission, vision, and values. d) organizational structure.
c
Services required for program implementation have been identified. A long-term program partner could provide those services at a discounted price. Which of the following is most appropriate to use for procurement? a) Grant agreement b) Formal contract c) Memorandum of understanding d) Letter of intent
c
The coalition is having a difficult time persuading a decision-maker to support an issue. The decision-maker, however, can be swayed by level of public support for the issue. The most important data collection method to use next, therefore, would be: a) political capital charting. b) communications capacity analysis. c) community leader surveys. d) voting record examination.
c
The health education specialist is reviewing the evidence-informed findings of the Guide to Community Preventive Services. The health education specialist is most likely assessing resources related to: a)clinical preventive services b) coalition development c) intervention approaches d) policy development
c
The health education specialist is searching for information about a health issue for an advocacy effort. The specialist is specifically looking for the facts, epidemiology, and health consequences of the issue. The most appropriate sites to search would be: a) JSTOR/ERIC. b) ACS/AHA. c) CDC/NIH. d) NLM/Community Guide.
c
The health education specialist is three-quarters of the way through an agency's annual funding. It is realized there will not be sufficient funding to last through the rest of the year. This realization is an issue of program: a) evaluation b) longevity c) sustainability d) planning
c
The health education specialist wishes to examine the outcome of an intervention. As such, which type of evaluation should be designed? a) Impact b) Process c) Summative d) Formative
c
The organization that accredits schools of public health, graduate programs in public/community health, and undergraduate programs is: a) SOPHE b) NCHEC c) CEPH d) CAEP
c
To determine the immediate effects of a health education program, the health education specialist should use which type of evaluation? a) Outcome b) Process c) Impact d) Formative
c
The health education specialist wants to compare course satisfaction levels of two different groups of smoking cessation participants. Of the following, which is the best quantitative data analysis technique to use? a) Weighted average b) Range c) Percentage d) Cross tabulation
d
To increase self-efficacy to resist peer pressure to use substances, the health education specialist's curriculum should include which one of the following? a) Small prizes for completing all homework assignments b) Activities that reinforce the negative consequence of substance use c) Trained peer leaders elected to implement the classes d) Role plays and group activities that demonstrate refusal skills
d
A formal social media policy should include the use of ______ to maintain pages, post scheduled messages, and respond to follower posts. a) networks b) apps c) tagging d) moderators
d
A health department conducted a social media campaign for its new childhood immunization clinic to drive community members to the department's website for appointment scheduling. The best data to track using the website's analytics would be which of the following? a) Organic traffic b) Direct traffic c) Interest volume d) Goal behavior
d
A health education specialist can design health promotion programs to facilitate the learning process of all participants by: a) being aware of cultural biases in developing educational programs. b) developing universal messages to reach diverse populations. c) replicating programs that have been effective in dominant cultures. d) adapting programs to different cultural beliefs and practices.
d
A health education specialist chose a six-step framework in which participatory planning, multiple theories, and a systems approach are used to address intervention development for adoption and sustainability. This arrangement (or plan) refers to which of the following? a) PRECEED-PROCEED b) Behavior Centered Design c) Logic Model d) Intervention mapping
d
A health education specialist has a limited budget and is looking for baseline data. Which of the following may be a secondary data option to consider? a) Conducting a survey with the priority population b) Pilot testing an interview with family members and co-workers c) Randomly sampling the priority population d) Federal, state, city, and county open data portals
d
A health education specialist plans to hire a consultant to conduct an evaluation of a program. Which of the following is the first step of the process? a) A signed ethics agreement from the consultant or contractor b) Extra funds to cover the cost of unexpected expenditures c) An implementation plan from the consultant or contractor d) A written agreement outlining the work needed
d
A health education specialist sends cancer prevention materials to women 40 and older about breast cancer screening. This process is an example of: a) weekly program meetings b) assessing a priority population c) tailoring a message d) targeting a message
d
An action-oriented, time-limited alliance for health issue advocacy is which of the following? a) Influential b) Collaborative c) Coalition d) Task force
d
Communication between a prospective human subject and an investigator from beginning of a research study to the end refers to the: a) Belmont Report. b) protocol review. c) subject compensation. d) informed consent.
d
During a health education program, questions about whether the participants like the instructional materials and if instructors find them easy to use are examples of which type of evaluation? a) Summative b) Impact c) Outcome d) Process
d
If a health education specialist wants to emphasize program implementation, the most appropriate model would be: a) PRECEED-PROCEED b) SMART c) PATCH d) MATCH
d
If the health education specialist begins the program planning process by identifying desired outcomes, the most appropriate model would be: a) SMART b) PATCH c) MATCH d) PRECEDE-PROCEED
d
In a grant-funded project budget, what are the indirect costs? a) Budget expenses for miscellaneous items b) Cost associated with marketing materials c) Personnel expenses such as benefits d) Overhead expenses such as utilities and rent
d
In a health communication campaign, stoplight (red, yellow, green) characters are used to encourage adult immunizations. The most likely behavior change theory on which the campaign was based is which of the following? a) Communication-persuasion model b) Health belief model c) Information-persuasion matrix d) Transtheoretical model
d
Intervention sustainability should be planned: a) immediately after the first process evaluation. b) mid-intervention. c) immediately following impact evaluation. d) at the start of the intervention.
d
Logic models are used to: a) outline the lesson plan scope and sequence. b) identify the timing of when all of the planning should occur. c) outline evaluation stages for the program. d) track if activities are producing outputs which lead to outcomes.
d
