CHhapter 8- memory

The act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness is known as ________. retrieval storage hyperthymesia encoding

retrieval

Ebbinghaus found that about one day after you learn new material, you will only remember ____ percent of it if you have not reviewed it a second time. 70 50 90 30

30

When you take a multiple-choice test, you are relying on ________, because you are comparing the information in front of you to that which is already stored in your long-term memory. recognition recall transience the Stroop effect

recognition

In order to remember his lines for the play, Guy repeats his lines over and over again. This process is called ________. rehearsal relearning declarative memory hyperthymesia

rehearsal

Dozens of people witness a purse snatching. One of the eyewitnesses loudly yells â the man with the blue shirt did it.â Later, when questioned by police, several other eyewitnesses remember the purse snatcher wearing a blue shirt, even though the purse snatcher was a woman in flowered dress. This is an example of ________, or the effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories. decay suggestibility transience recognition

suggestibility

Within the semantic network model of memory, what would happen to concepts that are related to (or attached) to one that is currently being activated by thinking about it? They would also be activated, though at a lower level. They would be inhibited from being activation. They'd be activated more strongly than the concept first activated. They would undergo a structural change.

They would also be activated, though at a lower level.

If I am looking at a snake and processing the fear caused by the snake, what part of my brain am I using? amygdala hippocampus prefrontal cortex cerebellum

amygdala

Amarah has an exam in a week, so she schedules 30 to 60 minutes each night to review her course material. She does this rather than waiting until the night before the exam so that she can avoid a "cram session." Amarah's approach to studying is called ________ practice. proactive chunked massed distributed

distributed

Barney used to live in Pittsburgh, and his telephone number started with the area code 412. Now he has moved to Baltimore, and his new telephone number has an area code of 410. Barney remembers his new area code by connecting it to the old one and just â subtracting two.â This is an example of ________ rehearsal. massed maintenance mnemonic elaborative

elaborative

What type of memories do we consciously try to remember, recall, and report? sensory memories implicit memories explicit memories short-term memories

explicit memories

What is episodic memory? information about events we have personally experienced type of implicit memory that stores information about how to do things knowledge about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts storage of facts and events we have personally experienced

information about events we have personally experienced

What is the set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over different periods of time? effortful processing memory automatic processing sensory encoding

memory

You see a television commercial for a product you may want to buy, and there is a telephone number you must call to place an order. Because you don't have anything with which to write down the number, you repeat it to yourself over and over again until you feel like you wonâ t forget it. This process is called ________. distributed practice the method of loci chunking rehearsal

rehearsal

Kenethia enjoys knitting. When she begins college, she has less time for knitting and finally stops altogether. After graduation, she wants to knit again, so she practices with her needles until she is good at it again. This is an example of ________, a means of retrieving information out of your long-term memory storage system. an engram relearning recall recognition

relearning

What kind of memory involves storage of brief events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes? effortful sensory procedural recall

sensory

Elaborative rehearsal involves ________. thinking about the meaning of the new information and its relation to knowledge already stored in your memory immediately applying new information to a practical problem organizing information into manageable bits or chunks sleeping immediately after learning new information to allow your mind to process it

thinking about the meaning of the new information and its relation to knowledge already stored in your memory

From a cognitive psychology perspective, why is getting plenty of sleep the night before an exam important? It allows for consolidation of studied material in long-term memory. It decreases the likelihood of experiencing transience of memories. It makes sure that your neurons are firing at peak speed and efficiency. A good night of sleep inhibits the experience of retroactive interference.

It allows for consolidation of studied material in long-term memory

What does the equipotentiality hypothesis suggest would happen if the hippocampus was damaged? another part of the brain would compensate for the damage by taking over the memory function normally managed by the hippocampus people would lose their ability to feel fear areas near the hippocampus would decay, followed by a cascading failure of the brain leading to death people would become comatose

another part of the brain would compensate for the damage by taking over the memory function normally managed by the hippocampus

A public opinion poll was administered to 50 people before the election of President Barack Obama. Polls taken before election night showed 50% of the people polled believed Barack Obama would be elected president. After the election results, the same people were asked if they believed Barack Obama would be elected president, and this time 75% of the people said yes. This may be an example of ________ bias. stereotypical egocentric hindsight transient

hindsight

When Benito was five he cut his leg on some glass and needed stiches. Years later, his mother tells him the scar came from being bit by a dog. Now, when people ask about his scar he distinctly remembers the dog biting him. This is an example of the ________. Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm levels of processing theory equipotentiality hypothesis misinformation effect paradigm

misinformation effect paradigm

Which of the following is a good example of the use of a mnemonic? thinking about a bike you plan to buy and having the image of the bike appear in your mind being able to hum the tune to a song even when you canâ t remember the lyrics remembering the names of the Great Lakes with the acronym HOMES dreaming about an airport and deciding to take a trip

remembering the names of the Great Lakes with the acronym HOMES

Katya studies Spanish for three years, and then switches to Pashto. When asked to remember Spanish vocabulary she canâ t; instead she can only remember Pashto vocabulary. This is an example of ________ interference. proactive anterograde retroactive retrograde

retroactive

Elaine wakes up in the hospital with a head injury. She gets to know her doctors and nurses over time, but it soon becomes clear that she has no memories from before she woke up in the hospital. Elaine has ________ amnesia. flashbulb retrograde anterograde graduated

retrograde