child development test 2

Cephlocaudal development l involves development proceeding from a. head toward feet. b. body to limbs. c. brain to behavior. d. legs to arms.

a. head toward feet

When lying flat, babies can hold their heads up before they can lift their hips or legs. This illustrates the _____ direction of growth. a. cephalocaudal b. cephalodistal c. proximodistal d. proximocaudal

a. cephalocaudal

If he were a typical baby, Apollo would show the MOST tactile sensitivity when he is stroked on his a. face. b. shoulder. c. stomach. d. feet.

a. face

Robert Franz, during his work with infants in the "looking chamber," discovered that 2-day-old infants prefer to look at: a. faces. b. solid colors. c. newspaper print. d. none of the above, babies had no preference.

a. faces

Monsena is an independent and adventurous child who likes to explore new places in her environment. However, her mother is overly controlling and rigid. Developmental psychologists would say that a discussion of this discrepancy concerns: a. goodness of fit. b. nonreciprocal interactions. c. social dysfunction. d. insecure attachment.

a. goodness of fit

George is a newborn. He found one of his toys to be very exciting when he first received it, but now he appears to be bored with it. After a while, Abdiel's crib gets knocked around and the toy moves and appears to change shape. After this event, Abdiel seems to get back his initial excitement for the toy. This is an example of: a. habituation-dishabituation. b. boredom-excitement. c. learning-remembering. d. conditioning-extinction.

a. habituation-dis-habituation

On average, most babies gain symbolic language (talk) at what age? a. 8 months b. 12 months c. 18 months d. 24 months

b. 12 months

When baby Hughie was put down for his afternoon nap he seemed in good health. While sleeping, Hughie's breathing stopped and he died. What is the BEST explanation for Hughie's death? a. AIDS b. PKU c. FAS d. SIDS

d. SIDS

Jerome weighed in at 12 pounds when he was born. Compared to other newborns (in the United States), he is: a. underweight. b. about average. c. heavy, yet still within the normal range of weight. d. considerably heaver than most babies.

d. considerably heaver than most babies

The "visual cliff" is used to measure: a. size constancy. b. shape constancy. c. visual acuity. d. depth perception.

d. depth perception

Precise movements of fingers or toes are BEST classified as _____ skills. a. gross b. primitive c. survival d. fine

d. fine

Gaze away is a. Due to an infant's poor visual acuity b. How an infant shows they can distinguish color c. How an infant learns to talk d. How an infant regulates uncomfortable emotions

d. how an infant regulates uncomfortable emotions

Heather crawls from her room into the hallway to look for her mother after she leaves the room. According to Jean Piaget, this shows that she is capable of: a. symbolic manipulation. b. infinite generativity. c. telegraphic thinking. d. object permanence.

d. object permanence

All of the following are benefits of breast-feeding EXCEPT: a. fewer allergies. b. appropriate weight gain. c. lower risk of infections. d. prevention of circulatory problems.

d. prevention of circulatory problems

Most babies (over 60%) will develop which type of attachment? a. Insecure avoidant b. Insecure ambivalent c. Disorganized d. Secure

d. secure

The baby that plays on their own, but checks back in with mom periodically during the strange situation has what type of attachment style? a. Insecure avoidant b. Insecure ambivalent c. Disorganized d. Secure

d. secure

"Easy," "difficult," and "slow to warm up" are different types of: a. trust. b. emotion. c. attachment. d. temperament.

d. temperment

Which of the following is not an infant reflex a. Rooting b. Babinski c. Sucking d. They all are infant reflexes

d. they are all infant reflexes

A baby who is being abused on neglected is likely to develop what type of attachment style? a. Insecure avoidant b. Insecure ambivalent c. Disorganized d. Secure

C. disorganized

Attachment refers to: a. a close bond between an infant and a caregiver. b. a close bond between an infant and a contact comfort object. c. an infant's tendency to use the mother as a secure base for exploring the world. d. a positive reaction to being held and played with by people other than the primary caregiver.

a. a close bond between mother an infant or caregiver.

At the fireworks show, Michael is afraid and thinks his newborn sister is sick when she suddenly flings her arms and legs out from her body. Michael's mom is not concerned because she knows that this is just the baby's __________ reflex. a. Moro b. rooting c. grasping d. Babinski

a. moro

Goodness of fit refers to the combination of a. Mother and babies temperament (personality) b. Mother and babies sleep patterns c. Mother and babies nutritional needs d. Mother and babies emotional bond

a. mother and babies temperament (personality)

Infants' ability to feel pain is a. Present at birth b. Not present at birth c. Not something researchers are sure of yet d. More keen than adults

a. present at birth

Baby Dewayne moves his trunk and arms, but he is unable to control his hands and fingers. This is an example of the __________ pattern of development. a. proximodistal b. cephalocaudal c. proximocaudal d. cephalodistal

a. proximodistal

Sheena would like to hang one picture above her baby's crib. Which of the following would attract the MOST attention from the infant? a. a bright red circle b. a drawing of a face c. red and white stripes d. a bright white square

b. a drawing of a face

Basic emotions a. Begin to emerge during the second year b. Are determined through facial expressions c. Include pride and embarrassment d. All of the above are true of basic emotions.

b. are determined through facial expressions

Besides crying, what vocalizations typically come first in language development a .Babbling b. Cooing c. Symbolic language d. Telegraphic speech

b. cooing

Whole body or large muscle movements are typically classified as _____ motor skills. a. fine b. gross c. proximodistal d. cephalocaudal

b. gross

In terms of taste, infants a. Have no sense of taste at birth b. Have a preference for sweet tastes c. Have a preference for sour tastes d. Have a preference for bitter tastes

b. have a preference for sweet tastes

Blanca rarely holds her baby Joey and tends to respond to his needs in an angry, irritable fashion, just doing anything to make him stop crying. It is most likely that Joey will develop a _________ with his mother. a. secure attachment b .insecure avoidant attachment c. insecure resistant infant attachment d .disorganized resistant infant attachment

b. insecure avoidant attachment

A good tempered baby a. Cries often over every little thing b. Is easy to get on a regular schedule of sleeping and feeding. c. Has a generally irritable mood d. All of the above

b. is easy to get on a regular schedule of sleeping and feeding

Shaken Baby Syndrome a. Includes temporary symptoms that rarely have a long term effect on the child. b. Is largely preventable through education. c. Is a genetic condition. d. Has no known cause.

b. is largely preventable through education

Which of the following is TRUE regarding newborn infants' vision? a. Infants do not have color vision until around 6 months of age. b. Much of what young infants see is blurry. c. Pattern complexity has no impact o infants' visual preferences. d. Initial visual accommodation skills allows infants to focus clearly on far objects but not near objects.

b. much of what young infants see is blury

Which of the following would Erik Erikson be MOST likely to recommend about soothing a crying infant? a. Do not soothe the baby, because he or she will be spoiled. b. Pick up the baby and soothe him or her so that a healthy sense of trust develops. c. Arrange the environment to meet all the baby's needs, so that he or she does not need to cry. d. Soothe the baby about every other time, so that he or she does not become dependent on external comforters.

b. pick up the baby and soothe him or her so that a healthy sense of trust develops

Built-in reactions to stimuli that are out of an infant's control are known as: a. responses b. reflexes c. impulses d. urges

b. reflexes

Mandy is gently rocking her baby to sleep. Which would the baby prefer hearing? a. softly playing rock music b. singing to her child c. playing phonetic sounds repeatedly d. complete silence

b. singing to her child

The visual acuity of an infant approximates that of an adult when she/he is: a. two months old. b. six months old. c. born. d. one-and-a-half years old.

b. six months old.

The Strange Situation is an observational measure of infant attachment developed by Mary Ainsworth. It requires the infant to: a. crawl through a dark tunnel with his or her mother and a stranger waiting on the other side. b. through a series of introductions, separations, and reunions with his or her mother and a stranger. c. experience loud noises in a room with only a stranger present. d. choose between his or her mother and his or her father in a strange situation.

b. through a series of introductions, separations, and reunions with his or her mother and a stranger

Social referencing refers to a. An infant starting to notice peers b. An infant learning to imitate complex motor tasks c. An infant looking at a parent to know how to react emotionally d. An infant demonstrating intentional thought

c. an infant looking at a parent to know how to react emotionally

Kevin loves to say, "Da, da, da, da" over and over again. This is an example of what type of communication? a. crying b. cooing c. babbling d. gesturing

c. babbling

In a classic study of attachment by Harry Harlow, infant monkeys spent more time with the _______ monkey regardless of which monkey fed them. a. wire b. live c. cloth d. metal

c. cloth

At what substage are infants motivated by their own intentions? a. primary circular reactions b. secondary circular reactions c. coordination of secondary circular reactions d. tertiary circular reactions

c. coordination of secondary circular reactions

Which of the following terms represents what is commonly referred to as "baby-talk" a. Recasting b. Babbling c. Infant-directed speech d. Phonemes

c. infant-directed speech

In the Strange Situation, Cameron did not explore the playroom, clung to his mother when she was in the room, and was very upset when she left the room. When she returned, he appeared to be resistant—both wanting to be comforted by his mother, but pushing her away when she attempted to do so. Mary Ainsworth would most likely classify Cameron as: a. securely attached. b. insecure avoidant. c. insecure ambivalent. d. insecure disorganized

c. insecure ambivalent

Broca and Wernicke's areas of the brain are responsible for a. Gross motor skills b. Fine motor skills c. Language d. Attention and memory

c. language

In order to lower an infant's risk for SIDS, the baby should be a. Placed on their stomach to sleep. b. Placed on their side to sleep. c. Placed on their back to sleep. d. Awakened every few hours.

c. placed on their back to sleep

Object permanence is measured by whether a baby will a. Go to a stranger b. Sleep through the night c. Search for a hidden item d. Problem solve through trial and error

c. search for a hidden item

Piaget's cognitive stage for infancy is a. Concrete operations b. Formal operations c. Sensorimotor d. Preoperational

c. sensorimotor

In which sensorimotor substages is the infant's own body the center of attention? a. secondary circular reactions; coordination of secondary circular reactions b. simple reflexes; secondary circular reactions c. simple reflexes and primary circular reactions d. coordination of secondary circular reactions and primary circular reactions

c. simple reflexes and primary circular reactions

Co-sleeping refers to a. Not allowing the baby to nap too much during the day. b. Sleeping in the room with parents c. Sleeping in the bed with parents d. Allowing toys in the crib while the baby is sleeping.

c. sleeping in the bed with parents