Child Health Immune

A health care provider prescribes laboratory studies for an infant of a woman positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to determine the presence of HIV antigen in the infant. The nurse anticipates that which laboratory study will be prescribed for the infant? 1. Chest x-ray 2. Western blot 3. CD4+ cell count 4. p24 antigen assay

4. p24 antigen assay

A 3-year-old child with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is being discharged from the hospital. The nurse is providing discharge instructions to the mother regarding home care and infection control measures. Which statement by the mother indicates a need for further teaching? 1. "I should discard any unused food and formula immediately." 2. "I need to wash all vegetables carefully before preparing them." 3. "If the nipple becomes soft and sticky, I will discard the nipple." 4. "I will the clean eating utensils, baby bottle, and dishes in the dishwasher."

1. "I should discard any unused food and formula immediately."

A child was seen in the health care clinic and received an immunization of DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) vaccine. One hour later, the mother calls the clinic and tells the nurse that the injection site is painful and red. Which instruction should the nurse provide to the mother? 1. Call the health care provider. 2. Use warm compresses on the site. 3. Apply cold compresses for 24 hours. 4. Return to the health care clinic immediately.

3. Apply cold compresses for 24 hours.

The student nurse is presenting a clinical conference regarding transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in children. Which information should the student include? 1. HIV cannot be spread by hugging, holding, or touching other people. 2. HIV can be transmitted from open wounds but only if there is skin-to-skin contact. 3. HIV is only able to be transmitted from an infected mother to her baby through breast milk. 4. HIV infection cannot be transmitted if a female uses an intrauterine device as birth control.

1. HIV cannot be spread by hugging, holding, or touching other people.

The nurse is caring for a child with a diagnosis of neutropenia. Which nursing interventions are most appropriate for a child placed in protective isolation for neutropenia? Select all that apply. 1. Place the child on a low-bacteria diet. 2. Change dressings using sterile technique. 3. Put flowers in a vase with water before placing in the room. 4. Peel fruits and vegetables before allowing the child to eat them. 5. Allow individuals who are ill to visit as long as they wear a mask.

1. Place the child on a low-bacteria diet. 2. Change dressings using sterile technique. 4. Peel fruits and vegetables before allowing the child to eat them.

A child is admitted to the pediatric unit with a diagnosis of acute stage Kawasaki disease. In performing an assessment on the child, which findings are characteristic of this disorder? Select all that apply. 1. Red throat 2. Cracking lips 3. Conjunctival hyperemia 4. Desquamation of the skin 5. Enlargement of the cervical lymph nodes

1. Red throat 3. Conjunctival hyperemia 5. Enlargement of the cervical lymph nodes

A CD4+ count has been prescribed for a child with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The nurse has explained to the mother the purpose of the blood test. Which comment by the mother indicates the need for further explanation? 1. "The CD4+ count is used to determine the child's immune status." 2. "The CD4+ count identifies the specific diagnosis of HIV infection." 3. "The CD4+ count is a blood test that is used to identify the risk for disease progression." 4. "This test assesses the need for Pneumocystis jirovecipneumonia prophylaxis after 1 year of age."

2. "The CD4+ count identifies the specific diagnosis of HIV infection."

The clinic nurse is instructing the parent of a child with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection regarding immunizations. The nurse should provide which instruction to the parent? 1. The hepatitis B vaccine will not be given to the child. 2. The inactivated influenza vaccine will be given yearly. 3. The varicella vaccine will be given before 6 months of age. 4. A Western blot test needs to be performed and the results evaluated before immunizations.

2. The inactivated influenza vaccine will be given yearly.

The nurse is providing instructions to the mother of a child with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection regarding immunizations. Which statement by the mother indicates an understanding of the immunization schedule? 1. "The hepatitis B vaccine is not to be given to my child." 2. "My child will receive all the vaccines like any other child." 3. "Family members in the household need to receive the influenza vaccine." 4. "Blood tests are needed before any immunizations are given to my child."

3. "Family members in the household need to receive the influenza vaccine."

A 6-year-old child with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been admitted to the hospital for pain management. The child asks the nurse if the pain will ever go away. The nurse should make which best response to the child? 1. "The pain will go away if you lie still and let the medicine work." 2. "Try not to think about it. The more you think it hurts, the more it will hurt." 3. "I know it must hurt, but if you tell me when it does, I will try and make it hurt a little less." 4. "Every time it hurts, press on the call button and I will give you something to make the pain go all away."

3. "I know it must hurt, but if you tell me when it does, I will try and make it hurt a little less."

The nurse is preparing to administer an MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine to a 15-month-old child. Before administering the vaccine, which question should the nurse ask the mother of the child? 1. "Has the child had any sore throats?" 2. "Has the child been eating properly?" 3. "Is the child allergic to any antibiotics?" 4. "Has the child been exposed to any infections?"

3. "Is the child allergic to any antibiotics?"

The nurse is caring for a child with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and notes the presence of mouth sores. The nurse provides instructions to the mother regarding maintaining adequate nutritional intake in the child. Which statement by the mother indicates a need for further teaching? 1. "I should weigh my child each morning." 2. "I will offer a popsicle to lick before meals." 3. "Salty foods are very important to maintain an appropriate sodium level in the child." 4. "Milk, juice, or water should really be offered after a meal rather than before a meal."

3. "Salty foods are very important to maintain an appropriate sodium level in the child."

A nurse is reviewing the immunization schedule for a child with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection with the mother. Which instruction should the nurse provide to the mother? 1. Immunizations will not be given to the child with HIV infection. 2. The immunization schedule is altered because of the HIV infection. 3. The child and the siblings will need to receive inactivated polio vaccine. 4. The child with HIV infection will start immunizations when 3 years old.

3. The child and the siblings will need to receive inactivated polio vaccine.

The nurse provides home care instructions to the parent of a child with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which statement by the parent indicates the need for further teaching? 1. "I will wash my hands frequently." 2. "I will keep my child's immunizations up to date." 3. "I will avoid direct unprotected contact with my child's body fluids." 4. "I can send my child to day care if he has a fever, as long as it is a low-grade fever."

4. "I can send my child to day care if he has a fever, as long as it is a low-grade fever."

The mother with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection brings her 10-month-old infant to the clinic for a routine checkup. The health care provider has documented that the infant is asymptomatic for HIV infection. After the checkup, the mother tells the nurse that she is so pleased that the infant will not get HIV. The nurse should make which most appropriate response to the mother? 1. "I am so pleased also that everything has turned out fine." 2. "Because symptoms have not developed, it is unlikely that your infant will develop HIV infection." 3. "Everything looks great, but be sure that you return with your infant next month for the scheduled visit." 4. "Most children infected with HIV develop symptoms within the first 9 months of life, and some become symptomatic sometime before they are 3 years old."

4. "Most children infected with HIV develop symptoms within the first 9 months of life, and some become symptomatic sometime before they are 3 years old."

The nurse is providing instructions to the mother of a child who has been exposed to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The nurse should include notifying the health care provider if which symptom occurs in the child? 1. Fussiness 2. Lethargy 3. Irritability 4. Coughing

4. Coughing

An infant of a mother infected with HIV is seen in the clinic each month and is being monitored for symptoms indicative of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The nurse assesses the infant, knowing that which infection is the most common opportunistic infection of children infected with HIV? 1. Meningitis 2. Gastroenteritis 3. Cytomegalovirus infection 4. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia

4. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia

The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of studies on a 4-month-old infant and notes that the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody test is positive. How should the nurse interpret this test result? 1. The infant has HIV. 2. Repeat the test in 1 month. 3. The infant is infected with the HIV virus. 4. The mother is infected with the HIV virus.

4. The mother is infected with the HIV virus.