Children
Types of play in order
1-2yrs- parellel 3-5yrs- cooperative 7-10yrs-competitive
parachute reflex
appears by 7 to 9 months; a protective arm extension that occurs when an infant is suddenly thrust downward when prone
grasp reflex
is seen when one touches the palms of the infants hands and flexion occurs. This reflex disappears at 3 months.
Prehension
the ability to grasp objects between the fingers and the opposing thumb. 5-6months
pincer grasp
the well-coordinated grasp that emerges at the end of the first year, involving thumb and index finger opposition
The nurse is teaching a parent of a 2-year-old toddler how to administer eardrops. In what direction should the nurse teach the parent to gently pull the pinna?
Down and back **In children younger than 3 years of age the eustachian tube is shorter, wider, and more horizontal. Pulling the pinna down and back facilitates passage of fluid, by way of gravity, to the eardrum. Pulling the pinna forward does not help position the canal for passage of the drops to the eardrum. Pulling the pinna up and back is the technique used for administering ear drops to children older than 3 years of age and adults. Pulling the pinna straight back does not position the canal for passage of the drops to the eardrum.
A parent of a 7-year-old child asks a nurse how to tell the difference between measles (rubeola) and German measles (rubella). What should the nurse tell the parent differentiates rubeola from rubella?
High fever and Koplik spots **The signs and symptoms of rubeola (measles) include a high fever, photophobia, Koplik spots (white patches on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity), and a rash. Rubella (German measles) usually does not cause a high fever, runs a 3- to 6-day course, and never causes Koplik spots. The rash of rubeola (measles) spreads over most of the body. Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps are vague clinical findings and occur with many illnesses. Some signs and symptoms may be similar to those of a severe cold, but rubeola is associated with high fever.
