CHP. 14- Nutrition
49) Total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) is a sum total of TEE, TEF, and BMR. T/F
TRUE
11) How many kilocalories are contained per gram of protein? A) 4 B) 6 C) 8 D) 10
A
14) Total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) is based on all of the following except A) sleep patterns. B) physical activity. C) basal metabolism. D) the thermic effect of food.
A
2) What statement describes a positive energy balance? A) Intake is greater than energy expenditure. B) Energy expenditure is greater than energy intake. C) Energy intake is equal to energy expenditure. D) All of the above describe positive energy balance.
A
20) RMR is approximately how much higher than the BMR? A) 6 percent B) 8 percent C) 10 percent D) 3 percent
A
21) The thermic effect of exercise (TEE) depends on all of the following except A) breathing rate. B) type of physical activity. C) the time the activity is performed. D) body weight.
A
28) What factor is not considered when calculating EER using the Harris-Benedict equation? A) lean body mass B) age C) gender D) height
A
34) Which of the following measurements provides the best assessment of health risk? A) waist circumference B) BMI C) TEE D) all of the above
A
37) Which of the following types of fat is not stored in adipose tissue? A) essential fat B) visceral fat C) subcutaneous fat D) none of the above
A
4) Approximately how many excess kilocalories are required to gain 1 pound of body weight? A) 3,500 B) 2,500 C) 2,750 D) 3,000
A
7) The food energy that isn't oxidized to yield carbon dioxide and water is stored as either A) glycogen or fat. B) glucagon or fat. C) glycogenin or fat. D) glycine or fat.
A
12) How many kilocalories are contained per gram of alcohol? A) 8 B) 7 C) 4 D) 0
B
15) Basal metabolism is the energy required to A) fuel the body's voluntary movements. B) fuel the vital functions of the body. C) fuel the body during activity. D) none of the above
B
19) Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is a measurement of energy expenditure when the body is A) motionless after a 12-hour fast. B) motionless after a 3- to 4-hour fast. C) sleeping. D) none of the above
B
24) The energy used to extract kilocalories from foods and process the macronutrients is referred to as A) the energy effect of food. B) the thermic effect of food. C) the physiological effect of food. D) none of the above
B
27) The physical activity factor for a man who walks about 7 miles per day at 3 to 4 mph is A) 1.11. B) 1.25. C) 1.45. D) not enough information
B
29) The ratio of fat tissue to lean body mass is referred to as A) body mass. B) body composition. C) physical stature. D) physical composition.
B
3) Negative energy balance is described as a state when A) intake exceeds expenditure. B) expenditure exceeds intake. C) intake equals expenditure. D) none of the above happens.
B
32) A BMI that is considered healthy is in the range of A) 17.4-20.4. B) 18.5-24.9. C) 25.4-29.9. D) 10.5-15.5.
B
35) Being underweight is associated with which of the following health risks? A) cancer B) anemia C) diabetes D) heart disease
B
38) RMR is used more often than BMR because it is A) more accurate. B) easier to obtain. C) taken after a longer fast. D) not influenced by food intake.
B
39) Approximately what percent of the kilocalories in food is used for the thermic effect of food (TEF)? A) 5 percent B) 10 percent C) 15 percent D) 20 percent
B
40) According to the body composition reference standards for adult men, what percent of body fat is considered overfat? A) more than 20 percent B) more than 25 percent C) more than 30 percent D) more than 35 percent
B
8) The values obtained from the bomb calorimeter, adjusted to reflect the kilocalories actually transformed into energy in the human body, are called A) physical fuel values. B) physiological fuel values. C) calorimetric fuel values. D) all of the above
B
1) According to the textbook, energy balance can best be described using what five-word phrase? A) energy out versus energy in B) intake out versus energy expenditure C) energy in versus energy out D) None of these is correct
C
13) If you consume 55 grams of carbohydrates, how many kilocalories have been consumed? A) 250 B) 155 C) 220 D) not enough information
C
18) BMR is measured when the cellular activity of the body is A) at equilibrium. B) at its highest. C) at its lowest. D) equal to the TEE.
C
25) Direct calorimetry monitors energy expenditure by measuring the amount of A) sweat produced. B) oxygen consumed. C) heat produced. D) none of the above
C
30) Approximately how much essential fat does a woman have? A) 9 percent B) 15 percent C) 12 percent D) 18 percent
C
33) Which of the following is the most accurate method of determining body composition? A) bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) B) hydrostatic weighing C) dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) D) air displacement plethysmography (BodPod)
C
5) How many excess kilocalories per day are required for an average individual to gain about 10 pounds in one year? A) 240 B) 300 C) 100 D) 175
C
6) A kilocalorie as measured using a bomb calorimeter is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water A) one degree Fahrenheit. B) two degrees Fahrenheit. C) one degree Celsius. D) two degrees Celsius.
C
9) How many kilocalories are contained per gram of carbohydrate? A) 8 B) 7 C) 4 D) 9
C
10) How many kilocalories are contained per gram of fat? A) 7 B) 4 C) 6 D) 9
D
16) Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the energy spent to meet the body's basic physiological needs when it's at A) physical rest. B) emotional rest. C) digestive rest. D) all of the above
D
17) Lean body mass includes all of the following except A) bones. B) muscle. C) water. D) fat.
D
22) All of the following activities are considered part of non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) except A) fidgeting. B) maintaining body posture. C) maintaining balance. D) eating.
D
23) Adaptive thermogenesis is influenced by A) stress. B) diet. C) temperature. D) all of the above
D
26) Estimated energy requirement is based on all of the following except A) gender. B) age. C) activity level. D) body posture.
D
31) Which of the following are problems that accompany the use of height-weight tables? A) not representative of the population as a whole; originally designed for 25-59-year-olds B) data not standardized; self-reported weight and height C) based on the assumption that weight is directly associated with body fat D) all of the above
D
36) Which of the following health risks is not associated with obesity? A) congestive heart failure B) metabolic syndrome C) hyperlipidemia D) amenorrhea
D
41) Positive energy balance is created when more energy is expended than is taken in. T/F
FALSE
42) The body requires an excess 2,700 kilocalories to gain one pound of body weight. T/F
FALSE
46) Measuring the amount of oxygen consumed during food combustion provides a direct measurement of the energy content of a food. T/F
FALSE
47) The kilocalorie values obtained from a bomb calorimeter can be considered equivalent to the values obtained through human digestion and metabolism. T/F
FALSE
48) The kilocalorie content of food is calculated by multiplying the milligrams of a certain macronutrient by the kilocalories contained in each gram. T/F
FALSE
51) Body weight is not a contributing factor to TEE. T/F
FALSE
54) Approximately 17 percent of the kilocalories in food are used for TEF or digestion. T/F
FALSE
56) Direct calorimetry is the measurement of energy expenditure by the body by assessing oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production. T/F
FALSE
58) The physical activity factor for a woman who is considered very active is 1.27. T/F
FALSE
62) The total kilocalories from 10 g carbohydrates, 10 g protein, and 10 g fat = 200 kilocalories. T/F
FALSE
64) A high-fiber meal will increase TEF T/F
FALSE
67) The physical activity factor for an active man is higher than it is for an active woman. T/F
FALSE
69) In terms of body fat distribution, women tend to have an "apple-shaped" distribution and men tend to have a "pear-shaped" distribution. T/F
FALSE
72) Central obesity refers to an excessive storage of body fat in the thighs and hips T/F
FALSE
73) Visceral fat is fat stored under the skin and between the muscles. T/F
FALSE
43) To maintain a stable body weight, the amount of kilocalories in versus kilocalories out must be equal. T/F
TRUE
44) A bomb calorimeter measures the kilocalorie content of food by measuring the heat released during combustion. T/F
TRUE
45) The heat released from food during combustion is due to the breaking of chemical bonds within the food itself. T/F
TRUE
50) The amount of energy spent to meet the body's basic physiological needs while at rest is referred to as BMR. T/F
TRUE
52) The energy required to maintain body posture is categorized as non-exercise activity thermogenesis. T/F
TRUE
53) Carbohydrates have more influence on TEF than fat does. T/F
TRUE
55) Consuming a meal in a cold environment increases the TEF T/F
TRUE
57) EER is based on gender, height, age, weight, and activity level. T/F
TRUE
59) The Harris-Benedict equation for calculating EER will take into account an individual's RMR. T/F
TRUE
60) Using the Harris-Benedict equation for calculating the EER of a very muscular person will likely result in kilocalorie needs being underestimated. T/F
TRUE
61) A state of negative energy balance can eventually result in weight loss. T/F
TRUE
63) The energy needed to fuel the body's vital organs (e.g., brain, lungs) is referred to as basal metabolism. T/F
TRUE
65) Elite athletes have a lower TEF than that of untrained individuals. T/F
TRUE
66) Direct calorimetry measures the amount of heat produced by the body. T/F
TRUE
68) The two types of fat that make up total body fat are essential fat and stored fat. T/F
TRUE
70) Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has more mitochondria than does white adipose tissue (WAT T/F
TRUE
71) Body composition is usually expressed as percent body fat T/F
TRUE
74) Body weight and body composition do not measure the same component. T/F
TRUE
75) Obesity is strongly correlated to several leading causes of death T/F
TRUE
