CHp 23,24,25 HW

nitrogenous waste

A lower than normal GFR can be an indication that ______ and other unwanted substances are accumulating in the blood.

serous

A lubricating fluid found in the pleural cavity is _____ fluid.

pneumothorax

A puncture to the pleural space by a knife, a gun, or a broken rib that allows air between the parietal and visceral pleura creates a condition a ____________.

pressure

A sinus headache is the result of ______ buildup in the sinus due to swelling of the mucosa.

nasal cavity

Air "conditioning" is facilitated by the twisted pathways through the ______ as this means the air gets to stay longer.

warmed to body temperature humidified cleansed of particulates

As inhaled air pass through conducting airways, the air is "conditioned" in which ways?

pleural cavity

Between the visceral and parietal pleura is a potential space called the _____ ____.

afferent

Blood enters the glomerulus by the ______ arteriole.

afferent

Blood enters the glomerulus by the _______ arteriole.

efferent

Blood leaves the glomerulus by way of the _____ arteriole.

sympathetic

Direct stimulation by the ______ nervous system decreases GFR by causing vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles.

effusion

Failure of the left ventricle may cause the accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity. This condition is known as pleural ______.

diameter of the afferent arteriole

Glomerular filtration is influenced by changing the ______.

renal autoregulation

Glomerular filtration regulation involves intrinsic control which could best be described as ______.

80

If the MAP decreases below ______ mm Hg, no further arteriole dilation can bring a decrease in glomerular blood pressure.

pleurisy

Inflammation of the pleural membranes is known as ______.

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Inside the muscle cells, calcium is stored in the _____ _____.

arcuate

Interlobular veins merge to form ______ veins.

juxtamedullary

Only about 15% of our nephrons are ______ nephrons.

blood K+ levels

Respiration affects all conditions except ______.

trachea bronchial tree lungs Reason: The pharynx contains skeletal muscle and is therefore innervated by the somatic nervous system, not the autonomic. Reason: The tongue contains skeletal muscle and is therefore innervated by the somatic nervous system, not the autonomic.

Select all the respiratory system structures innervated by the autonomic nervous system.

trachea; esophagus

Superior to the larynx is the laryngopharynx. Inferior to the larynx is the _____ and popsterior to the larynx is the _____.

decreasing

Sympathetic stimulation can result in a decrease in GFR by ______ the surface area of the glomerulus.

afferent; efferent

The ______ arteriole leads to the glomerulus and the ______ arteriole leads away from the glomerulus.

glomerulus

The ______ is designed to be "leaky" to allow some plasma and solutes to be filtered.

proximal convoluted tubule

The ______ is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium with tall microvilli for maximum reabsorption.

cortical

The ______ nephrons make up approximately 85% of the nephrons in a human kidney.

hilum

The ______ of the lung is where the bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves pass through.

cortical

The _______ nephrons make up approximately 85% of the nephrons in a human kidney.

valsalva

The closing of the epiglottis over the larynx along with the simultaneous contraction of abdominal muscles known as the _______ maneuver, results in an increase in abdominal pressure.

urobilin

The color of urine ranges from almost clear to dark yellow, depending on the concentration of pigment from _____.

loudness

The feature of the voice that depends on the force of air passing across the vocal cords is

one; 4

The female urethra has ______ function(s) and is about ______ centimeters long.

perineum

The female urethra opens to the outside of the body at the external urethral orifice located in the female ______.

pedicles (podocytes)

The filtration slits between the _____ permit the ready passage of filtered material into the capsule space.

pitch

The frequency of sound waves is called ________ and is determined by the amount of tension on the vocal folds.

nephron

The functional filtration unit in a kidney is the ______.

thyroid

The growth of the ______ cartilage is stimulated by testosterone; thus, Adam's apple is usually prominent and larger in males after puberty.

dense irregular connective tissue

The lamina propria of the mucosa is composed of ______.

epiglottis

The large, spoon or leaf-shaped piece of elastic cartilage that helps prevent food and liquid from entering the larynx is the ______.

air only

The larynx serves as a passageway for ______.

prostatic spongy membranous

The male urethra is partitioned into three segments. Which are these segments?

allergies

The mucosa of the sinuses can become inflamed in response to _______ or respiratory infections resulting in mucus accumulation in the sinuses.

transitional

The mucosa of the ureter is formed from ______ epithelium.

4.5 and 8; 6

The normal pH for urine ranges between ______ with an average value of ______.

filtration

The pedicels are separated by thin spaces called ______ slits, which allow materials from the plasma to pass into capsular space.

adipose

The percentage of fluid in the body is dependent on the age of the individual and the relative amounts of ______ connective tissue and skeletal muscle tissue.

laryngopharynx nasopharynx oropharynx

The pharynx is made of three separate regions. Choose those regions from the list.

atelectasis

The presence of free air in the pleural space sometimes causes the affected lung to deflate, a condition called ______.

vagus

The primary nerve that innervates the lungs is the _______ nerve.

filtration

The process by which water and some dissolved solutes in the blood plasma passively move out of the glomerulus and into the capsular space of the renal corpuscle is called _______.

olfactory

The receptors that are stimulated when airborne molecules are inhaled and dissolved in the mucus covering the olfactory epithelium are _________ receptors.

glomerulus glomerular capsule

The renal corpuscle is composed of which of the following?

urethra

The structure that originates at the neck of the urinary bladder and conducts urine to the exterior of the body is the

inlet

The superior opening of the larynx is called the laryngeal ______.

olfactory epithelium

The superior region of the nasal cavity is covered with ______, which contains receptors for smell.

urinary bladder

The ureters originate at the renal pelvis and extend to the ____ ____.

adventitia muscularis mucosa

The wall of the ureter is composed of a series of tunics. Which are these tunics?

True

True or false: Blood components that do not exit the glomerulus as filtrate exit the renal corpuscle through an efferent arteriole.

True

True or false: If systemic blood pressure is dangerously low, filtration and the elimination of wastes in urine ceases, resulting in the accumulation of toxic metabolic wastes in the blood

False

True or false: In tubular reabsorption, all needed solutes and most water that formed the filtrate are reabsorbed into the nephron.

False Reason: bronchial circulation is part of the systemic circuit

True or false: The circulation of blood to the alveoli and the walls of the bronchi is part of the same circuit.

length of cords tension of cords

What factors determine the characteristics of sound as they pass through the vocal folds?

simple cuboidal epithelium

What type of tissue line the PCT?

rima glottidis

When air is forced through the ______, the vocal folds begin to vibrate and this vibration produces sound.

tubular reabsorption

When substances in the filtrate move back into the blood it is called ______.

filtrate

When the blood plasma moves out of the glomerulus and into the glomerular capsule, it is now called ______.

acidic

When we consume more proteins and wheat, the pH of the urine becomes more ______.

Na+ K+ Cl-

Which are common electrolytes found in body fluids?

serves as a passageway for air blocks food and drink from entering the airway produces sound for speech

Which are the functions of the larynx?

exchange of O2 and CO2 allows air passage sound production detection of odors

Which are the functions of the respiratory system?

filtration slits; glomerular endothelium

Which are the most accurate descriptions of the structures that make up the filtration membrane?

bronchial arteries

Which arteries supply blood to the walls of the bronchi?

aldosterone

Which of the options are hormones correctly identified as Na+ retaining hormones?

125 mL/min

Which represents a normal, healthy level for a GFR?

juxtamedullary

Which type of nephron has a renal corpuscle that lies close to the corticomedullary junction with a long nephron loop that extends deep into the medulla?

cortical

Which type of nephron has relatively short nephron loops that barely extend into the medulla?

Increasing; more; higher

______ the tension on the vocal folds causes the vocal folds to vibrate ______ when air passes by them and produces a ______ sound.

Facultative

______ water loss is controlled by hormones acting on the kidneys and is dependent on the hydration status of the organism.