Chp. 6-10
Jorge, a hacker, has gained access to a Linux system. He has located the usernames and IDs. He wants the hashed passwords for the users that he found. Which file should he look in?
/etc/shadow
Which of the following ports are used by null sessions on your network?
139 and 445
This type of assessment evaluates deployment and communication between the server and client. It is imperative to develop tight security through user authorization and validation. Open-source and commercial tools are both recommended for this assessment. Which of the following types of vulnerability research is being done?
Application flaws
[ !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~] are the possible values in which of the following hash types?
Ascii-32-95
Which of the following do hackers install in systems to allow them to have continued admittance, gather sensitive information, or establish access to resources and operations within the system?
Backdoors
Which enumeration process tries different combinations of usernames and passwords until it finds something that works?
Brute force
Which of the following laws is designed to regulate emails?
CAN-SPAM Act
Which of the following government resources is a dictionary of known patterns of cyberattacks used by hackers?
CAPEC
You are an ethical hacker contracting with a medical clinic to evaluate their environment. Which of the following is the first thing you should do?
Define the effectiveness of the current security policies and procedures.
Which of the following parts of the Trojan horse packet installs the malicious code onto the target machine?
Dropper
In which phase of the ethical hacking process do you gather information from a system to learn more about its configurations, software, and services?
Enumeration
Which of the following could a hacker use Alternate Data Streams (ADS) for?
Hiding evidence
Which of the following assessment types focus on all types of user risks, including threats from malicious users, ignorant users, vendors, and administrators?
Host-based assessment
Which of the following is the most basic way to counteract SMTP exploitations?
Ignore messages to unknown recipients instead of sending back error messages.
Which of the following assessment types relies on each step to determine the next step, and then only tests relevant areas of concern?
Inference-based
Roger, a security analyst, wants to tighten up privileges to make sure each user has only the privileges they need to do their work. Which of the following additional countermeasure could he take to help protect privelige?
Instigate multi-factor authentication and authorization.
Which of the following is the first step you should take if malware is found on a system?
Isolate the system from the network immediately.
Which of the following best describes Qualys Vulnerability Management assessment tool?
It is a cloud-based service that keeps all your data in a private virtual database.
Patrick is planning a penetration test for a client. As part of this test, he will perform a phishing attack. He needs to create a virus to distribute through email and run a custom script that will let him track who has run the virus. Which of the following programs will allow him to create this virus?
JPS
Which of the following is a protocol that allows authentication over a non-secure network by using tickets or service principal names (SPNs)?
Kerberoasting
After the enumeration stage, you have are considering blocking port 389. Your colleague has advised you to use caution when blocking ports that could potentially impact your network. Which of the following necessary services could be blocked?
LDAP
A virus has replicated itself throughout the infected systems and is executing its payload. Which of the following phases of the virus lifecycle is the virus in?
Launch
Which of the following virus types is shown in the code below?
Logic Bomb
Which of the following best describes the verification phase of the vulnerability management life cycle?
Proves your work to management and generates verifiable evidence to show that your patching and hardening implementations have been effective.
Which of the following is also known as ZeroAccess and has virus, Trojan horse, and rootkit components?
Sirefef
Carl received a phone call from a woman who states that she is calling from his bank. She tells him that someone has tried to access his checking account and she needs him to confirm his account number and password to discuss further details. He gives her his account number and password. Which of the following types of non-technical password attack has occured?
Social engineering
Typically, you think of the username as being the unique identifier behind the scenes, but Windows actually relies on the security identifier (SID). Unlike the username, a SID cannot be used again. When viewing data in the Windows Security Account Manager (SAM), you have located an account ending in -501. Which of the following account types did you find?
The built-in guest
Diana, a penetration tester, executed the following command. Which answer describes what you learn from the information displayed?
This is a DNS zone transfer.
You have just run the John the Ripper command shown in the image. Which of the following was this command used for?
To extract the password hashes and save them in the secure.txt file.
James, a hacker, has hacked into a Unix system and wants to change the timestamps on some files to hide his tracks. Which of the following timestamp tools would he most likely use?
Touch
Which of the following privilege escalation risks happens when a program is being installed without the constant supervision of the IT employee and fails to clean up after?
Unattended installation
Which of the following best describes IPsec enumeration?
Uses ESP, AH, and IKE to secure communication between VPN endpoints.
You have created and sorted an md5 rainbow crack table. You want to crack the password. Which of the following commands would you use to crack a single hash?
rcrack . -h 202cb962ac59075b964b07152d234b70
Who would be most likely to erase only parts of the system logs file?
A black hat hacker
Which of the following best describes an anti-virus sensor system?
A collection of software that detects and analyzes malware.
The program shown is a crypter. Which of the following best defines what this program does?
A crypter can encrypt, obfuscate, and manipulate malware to make it difficult to detect.
There are two non-government sites that provide lists of valuable information for ethical hackers. Which of the following best describes the Full Disclosure site?
A mailing list that often shows the newest vulnerabilities before other sources.
Karen received a report of all the mobile devices on the network. This report showed the total risk score, summary of revealed vulnerabilities, and remediation suggestions. Which of the following types of software generated this report?
A vulnerability scanner
Which of the following are the three metrics used to determine a CVSS score?
Base, temporal, and environmental
Rudy is analyzing a piece of malware discovered in a pentest. He has taken a snapshot of the test system and will run the malware. He will take a snapshot afterwards and monitor different components such as ports, processes, event logs, and more for any changes. Which of the following processes is he using?
Host integrity monitoring
Jerry runs a tool to scan a clean system to create a database. The tool then scans the system again and compares the second scan to the clean database. Which of the following detection methods is Jerry using?
Integrity-based
Mark is moving files from a device that is formatted using NTFS to a device that is formatted using FAT. Which of the following is he trying to get rid of?
Malicious alternate data streams.
Jack is tasked with testing the password strength for the users of an organization. He has limited time and storage space. Which of the following would be the best password attack for him to choose?
Rainbow attack
The method of embedding data into legitimate files like graphics to hide it and then extracting the data once it reaches its destination is called:
Steganography
Which of the following phases of the vulnerability management lifecycle implements patches, hardening, and correction of weaknesses?
The remediation phase
Hackers can maintain access to a system in several ways. Which of the following best describes the unsecure file and folder method?
This can lead to DLL hijacking and malicious file installations on a non-admin targeted user.
Heather wants to gain remote access to Randy's machine. She has developed a program and hidden it inside a legitimate program that she is sure Randy will install on his machine. Which of the following types of malware is she using?
Trojan horse
A hacker has managed to gain access to the /etc/passwd file on a Linux host. What can the hacker obtain from this file?
Usernames, but no passwords
Phil, a hacker, has found his way into a secure system. He is looking for a Windows utility he can use to retrieve, set, back up, and restore logging policies. Which of the following utilities should he consider?
auditpol
Which of the following includes all possible characters or values for plaintext?
Charset
Daphne has determined that she has malware on her Linux machine. She prefers to only use open-source software. Which anti-malware software should she use?
ClamAV
Which of the following would be the best open-source tool to use if you are looking for a web server scanner?
Nikto
Anti-malware software utilizes different methods to detect malware. One of these methods is scanning. Which of the following best describes scanning?
Scanning uses live system monitoring to detect malware immediately. This technique utilizes a database that needs to be updated regularly. Scanning is the quickest way to catch malware programs.
Which of the following best describes the heuristic or behavior-based detection method?
Searches for execution path hooking, which allows a function value in an accessible environment to be changed.
As an ethical hacker, you are looking for a way to organize and prioritize vulnerabilities that were discovered in your work. Which of the following scoring systems could you use?
CVSS
Analyzing emails, suspect files, and systems for malware is known as which of the following?
Sheep dipping
Which of the following is malware that works by stealth to capture information and then sends it to a hacker to gain remote access?
Spyware
Shawn, a malicious insider, has obtained physical access to his manager's computer and wants to listen for incoming connections. He has discovered the computer's IP address, 192.168.34.91, and he has downloaded netcat. Which of the following netcat commands would he enter on the two computers?
nc -l -p 2222 (manager's computer) and nc -nv 192.168.34.91 2222 (Shawn's machine)
The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is used to manage devices such as routers, hubs, and switches. SNMP works with an SNMP agent and an SNMP management station in which layer of the OSI model?
Application Layer
Which of the following techniques involves adding random bits of data to a password before it is stored as a hash?
Password salting
Which of the following includes a list of resolved vulnerabilities?
Security vulnerability summary
Which of the following solutions creates the risk that a hacker might gain access to the system?
Service-based
What port does a DNS zone transfer use?
TCP 53
LDAP is an internet protocol for accessing distributed directory services. If this port is open, it indicates that Active Directory or Exchange may be in use. What port does LDAP use?
TCP/UDP 389
Which of the following best describes the Security Account Manager (SAM)?
A database that stores user passwords in Windows as an LM hash or a NTLM hash.
Which of the following best describes shoulder surfing?
Someone nearby watches you enter your password on your computer and records it.
Which of the following enumeration tools provides information about users on a Linux machine?
finger
On your network, you have a Windows 10 system with the IP address 10.10.10.195. You have installed XAMPP along with some web pages, php, and forms. You want to put it on the public-facing internet, but you are not sure if it has any vulnerabilities. On your Kali Linux system, you have downloaded the nmap-vulners script from GitHub. Which of the following is the correct nmap command to run?
nmap --script nmap-vulners -sV 10.10.10.195
Which of the following assessment types can monitor and alert on attacks but cannot stop them?
Passive
Which of the following malware types shows the user signs of potential harm that could occur if the user doesn't take a certain action?
Scareware
Jaxon, a pentester, is discovering vulnerabilities and design flaws on the Internet that will open an operating system and applications to attack or misuse. Which of the following tasks is he accomplishing?
Vulnerability research
Heather is performing a penetration test of her client's malware protection. She has developed a malware program that doesn't require any user interaction and wants to see how far it will spread through the network. Which of the following types of malware is she using?
Worm
Which of the following best describes CCleaner?
A tool that can remove files and clear internet browsing history. It also frees up hard disk space. It clears the temporary files, history, and cookies from each of the six major search engines.
Which of the following is used to remove files and clear the internet browsing history?
CCleaner
Which of the following best describes a rootkit?
Can modify the operating system and the utilities of the target system.
The results section of an assessment report contains four sub-topics. Which of the following sub-sections contains the origin of the scan?
Classification
You believe your system has been hacked. Which of the following is the first thing you should check?
System log files
Which of the following describes a session ID?
A unique token that a server assigns for the duration of a client's communications with the server.
Sam has used malware to access Sally's computer on the network. He has found information that will allow him to use the underlying NTLM to escalate his privileges without needing the plaintext password. Which of the following types of attacks did he use?
Pass the hash
Which of the following system exploitation methods happens by adding a malicious file to a file path that is missing quotation marks and has spaces in it?
Path interception
Robby, a security specialist, is taking countermeasures for SNMP. Which of the following utilities would he most likely use to detect SNMP devices on the network that are vulnerable to attacks?
SNscan
It may be tempting for an organization to feel secure after going through the process of penetration testing and the corrections and hardening that you must perform. Which of the following should you help them to understand?
Hackers have time on their side, and there will always be new threats to security.
A hacker has gained physical access to a system and has changed an administrator's account password. Which of the following tools did the hacker most likely use to accomplish this?
Ultimate Boot CD
Which of the following best describes the key difference between DoS and DDoS?
Attackers use numerous computers and connections.
An attacker installed a malicious file in the application directory. When the victim starts installing the application, Windows searches in the application directory and selects the malicious file instead of the correct file. The malicious file gives the attacker remote access to the system. Which of the following escalation methods best describes this scenario?
DLL hijacking
Which of the following motivates attackers to use DoS and DDoS attacks?
Hacktivism, profit, and damage reputation
Which of the following are protocols included in the IPsec architecture?
IKE, AH, and ESP
Daphne suspects a Trojan horse is installed on her system. She wants to check all active network connections to see which programs are making connections and the FQDN of where those programs are connecting to. Which command will allow her to do this?
netstat -f -b
You have been asked to perform a penetration test for a company to see if any sensitive information can be captured by a potential hacker. You have used Wireshark to capture a series of packets. Using the tcp contains Invoice filter, you have found one packet. Using the captured information shown, which of the following is the account manager's email address?
A security analyst is using tcpdump to capture suspicious traffic detected on port 443 of a server. The analyst wants to capture the entire packet with hexadecimal and ascii output only. Which of the following tcpdump options will achieve this output?
-SX port 443
The ping command is designed to test connectivity between two computers. There are several command options available to customize ping, making it a useful tool for network administrators. On Windows, the default number of ping requests is set is four. Which of the following command options will change the default number of ping requests?
-n
Which of the following best describes a DoS attack?
A hacker overwhelms or damages a system and prevents users from accessing a service.
As the cybersecurity specialist for your company, you have used Wireshark to check for man-in-the-middle DHCP spoofing attacks using the bootp filter. After examining the results, what is your best assessment?
A man-in-the-middle spoofing attack is possible due to two DHCP ACK packets.
You have been asked to perform a penetration test for a company to see if any sensitive information can be captured by a potential hacker. You have used Wireshark to capture a series of packets. Using the tcp contains Invoice filter, you have found one packet. Using the captured information shown, which of the following is the name of the company requesting payment?
ACME, Inc
As part of your penetration test, you are using Ettercap in an attempt to spoof DNS. You have configured the target and have selected the dns_spoof option (see image). To complete the configuration of this test, which of the following MITM options should you select?
ARP poisoning
An attacker may use compromised websites and emails to distribute specially designed malware to poorly secured devices. This malware provides an access point to the attacker, which he can use to control the device. Which of the following devices can the attacker use?
Any device that can communicate over the intranet can be hacked.
Creating an area of the network where offending traffic is forwarded and dropped is known as _________?
Black hole filtering
You are using a password attack that tests every possible keystroke for each single key in a password until the correct one is found. Which of the following technical password attacks are you using?
Brute force
Which of the following are network sniffing tools?
Cain and Abel, Ettercap, and TCPDump
Which of the following best describes the process of using prediction to gain session tokens in an Application level hijacking attack?
Collect several session IDs that have been used before and then analyze them to determine a pattern.
A hacker has discovered UDP protocol weaknesses on a target system. The hacker attempts to send large numbers of UDP packets from a system with a spoofed IP address, which broadcasts out to the network in an attempt to flood the target system with an overwhelming amount of UDP responses. Which of the following DoS attacks is the hacker attempting to use?
Fraggle attack
Which of the following protocols is one of the most common methods used to protect packet information and defend against network attacks in VPNs?
IPsec
Which term describes the process of sniffing traffic between a user and server, then re-directing the traffic to the attacker's machine, where malicious traffic can be forwarded to either the user or server?
Man-in-the-middle
Which of the following is a tool for cracking Windows login passwords using rainbow tables?
Ophcrack
Which of the following is characterized by an attacker using a sniffer to monitor traffic between a victim and a host?
Passive hijacking
While performing a penetration test, you captured a few HTTP POST packets using Wireshark. After examining the selected packet, which of the following concerns or recommendations will you include in your report?
Passwords are being sent in clear text.
Which of the following best describes a reverse proxy method for protecting a system from a DoS attack?
Redirects all traffic before it is forwarded to a server, so the redirected system takes the impact.
Part of a penetration test is checking for malware vulnerabilities. During this process, the penetration tester will need to manually check many different areas of the system. After these checks have been completed, which of the following is the next step?
Run anti-malware scans
It is important to be prepared for a DoS attack. These attacks are becoming more common. Which of the following best describes the response you should take for a service degradation?
Services can be set to throttle or even shut down.
Your network administrator has set up training for all the users regarding clicking on links in emails or instant messages. Which of the following is your network administrator attempting to prevent?
Session fixation
A penetration tester discovers a vulnerable application and is able to hijack a website's URL hyperlink session ID. The penetration tester is able to intercept the session ID; when the vulnerable application sends the URL hyperlink to the website, the session IDs are embedded in the hyperlink. Which of the following types of session hijacking countermeasures is the penetration tester using?
Session fixation attack
Which of the following tasks is being described? 1. Sniff the traffic between the target computer and the server. 2. Monitor traffic with the goal of predicting the packet sequence numbers. 3. Desynchronize the current session. 4. Predict the session ID and take over the session. 5. Inject commands to target the server.
Session hijacking
Which of the following tools can be used to create botnets?
Shark, PlugBot, and Poison Ivy
Your network administrator is configuring settings so the switch shuts down a port when the max number of MAC addresses is reached. What is the network administrator taking countermeasures against?
Sniffing
You have just captured the following packet using Wireshark and the filter shown. Which of the following is the captured password?
St@y0ut!@
Which of the following is an attack where all traffic is blocked by taking up all available bandwidth between the target computer and the Internet?
Volumetric attack
You suspect that an ICMP flood attack is taking place from time to time, so you have used Wireshark to capture packets using the tcp.flags.syn==1 filter. Initially, you saw an occasional SYN or ACK packet. After a short while, however, you started seeing packets as shown in the image. Using the information shown, which of the following explains the difference between normal ICMP (ping) requests and an ICMP flood?
With the flood, all packets come from the same source IP address in quick succession.
Which of the following actions was performed using the WinDump command line sniffer?
Wrote packet capture files from interface 1 into mycap.pcap.
Using Wireshark filtering, you want to see all traffic except IP address 192.168.142.3. Which of the following is the best command to filter a specific source IP address?
ip.src ne 192.168.142.3
Which of the following best describes active scanning?
A scanner transmits to a network node to determine exposed ports and can also independently repair security flaws.
The list of cybersecurity resources below are provided by which of the following government sites? - Information exchange - Training and exercises - Risk and vulnerability assessments - Data synthesis and analysis - Operational planning and coordination - Watch operations - Incident response and recovery
CISA
Jessica, an employee, has come to you with a new software package she would like to use. Before you purchase and install the software, you would like to know if there are any known security-related flaws or if it is commonly misconfigured in a way that would make it vulnerable to attack. You only know the name and version of the software package. Which of the following government resources would you consider using to find an answer to your question?
NVD
Hugh, a security consultant, recommended the use of an internal and external DNS to provide an extra layer of security. Which of the following DNS countermeasures is being used?
Split DNS
First, you must locate the live nodes in the network. Second, you must itemize each open port and service in the network. Finally, you test each open port for known vulnerabilities. These are the three basic steps in which of the following types of testing?
Penetration
Cameron wants to send secret messages to his friend Brandon, who works at a competitor's company. To secure these messages, he uses a technique to hide a secret message within a video. Which of the following techniques is he using?
Steganography
This government resource is a community-developed list of common software security weaknesses. They strive to create commonality in the descriptions of weaknesses of software security. Which of the following government resources is described?
CWE
Which of the following is the term used to describe what happens when an attacker sends falsified messages to link their MAC address with the IP address of a legitimate computer or server on the network?
ARP poisoning
As the cybersecurity specialist for your company, you believe a hacker is using ARP poisoning to infiltrate your network. To test your hypothesis, you have used Wireshark to capture packets and then filtered the results. After examining the results, which of the following is your best assessment regarding ARP poisoning?
ARP poisoning is occurring, as indicated by the duplicate response IP address.
Jason, an attacker, has manipulated a client's connection to disconnect the real client and allow the server to think that he is the authenticated user. Which of the following describes what he has done?
Active hijacking
Using Wireshark, you have used a filter to help capture only the desired types of packets. Using the information shown in the image, which of the following best describes the effects of using the net 192.168.0.0 filter?
Only packets with either a source or destination address on the 192.168.0.0 network are captured.
You are using Wireshark to try and determine if a denial-of-service (DDoS) attack is happening on your network (128.28.1.1). You previously captured packets using the tcp.flags.syn==1 and tcp.flags.ack==1 filter, but only saw a few SYN-ACK packets. You have now changed the filter to tcp.flags.syn==1 and tcp.flags.ack==0. After examining the Wireshark results shown in the image, which of the following is the best reason to conclude that a DDoS attack is happening?
There are multiple SYN packets with different source addresses destined for 128.28.1.1.
Using sniffers has become one way for an attacker to view and gather network traffic. If an attacker overcomes your defenses and obtains network traffic, which of the following is the best countermeasure for securing the captured network traffic?
Use encryption for all sensitive traffic.
Using Wireshark, you have used a filter to help capture only the desired types of packets. Using the information shown in the image, which of the following best describes the effects of using the host 192.168.0.34 filter?
Only packets with 192.168.0.34 in either the source or destination address are captured.
You are looking for a vulnerability assessment tool that detects vulnerabilities in mobile devices and gives you a report containing a total risk score, a summary of revealed vulnerabilities, and remediation suggestions. Which of the following vulnerability assessment tools should you use?
SecurityMetrics Mobile
In a world where so much private information is stored and transferred digitally, it is essential to proactively discover weaknesses. An ethical hacker's assessment sheds light on the flaws that can open doors for malicious attackers. Which of the following types of assessments does an ethical hacker complete to expose these weeknesses?
Vulnerability assessment
Which of the following is the name of the attribute that stores passwords in a Group Policy preference item in Windows?
cPasswords
You are cleaning your desk at work. You toss several stacks of paper in the trash, including a sticky note with your password written on it. Which of the following types of non-technical password attacks have you enabled?
Dumpster diving
A hacker finds a system that has a poorly design and unpatched program installed. He wants to create a backdoor for himself. Which of the following tools could he use to establish a backdoor?
Metasploit
An ethical hacker is running an assessment test on your networks and systems. The assessment test includes the following items: - Inspecting physical security - Checking open ports on network devices and router configurations - Scanning for Trojans, spyware, viruses, and malware - Evaluating remote management processes - Determining flaws and patches on the internal network systems, devices, and servers Which of the following assessment tests is being performed?
Internal assessment
Clive, a penetration tester, is scanning for vulnerabilities on the network, specifically outdated versions of Apple iOS. Which of the following tools should he use?
Nessus
Rose, an ethical hacker, has created a report that clearly identifies her findings and recommendations for locking down an organization's systems and patching problems. Which of the following phases of the vulnerability management life cycle is she working in?
Risk assessment
