chp 7 - lp 13
Once they have been processed through the citric acid cycle, the acetyl-CoA molecules from a single glucose molecule produce:
2 ATP, 6 NADH, 4 CO2.
Due to the pumping action of the electron transport chain, protons have a high concentration in the _____ and a low concentration in the _____.
intermembrane space; mitochondrial matrix
During the citric acid cycle, the production of CO2 is the result of the _____ of intermediate compounds of the citric acid cycle coupled to the production of _____
oxidation; NADH
Imagine that you exhale after a deep breath. Which of the following are you not exhaling?
waste products of glycolysis
During fermentation, pyruvate is:
reduced
In the absence of oxygen, fermentation:
regenerates NAD+ from the reduction of pyruvate.
Which of the following correctly lists the approximate number of ATP produced by (i) beta-oxidation of a 16-carbon fatty acid, (ii) glycolysis and fermentation of a single glucose, and (iii) aerobic respiration of a single glucose, in that order?
106, 2, 32
During the citric acid cycle:
ATP is synthesized by substrate-level phosphorylation.
Some present-day bacteria use a system of anaerobic respiration characterized by an electron transport chain analogous to that found in aerobic organisms. Which of the following correctly characterizes the anaerobic electron transport chain?
It establishes a proton gradient between the cytoplasm and the extracellular fluid.
Which of the following correctly characterizes the F1 subunit of ATP synthase?
It is the catalytic unit that synthesizes ATP.
Which of the following best describes how ATP synthase converts the potential energy of the proton gradient to the chemical energy of ATP? Do protons flow through the Fo or F1?
Kinetic energy from the flow of protons is converted to the kinetic energy of rotation of the Fo subunit; the rotation of the Fo subunit leads to rotation of the F1 subunit, which can then catalyze ATP synthesis.
We consume a variety of carbohydrates that are digested into a variety of different sugars. How do these different sugars enter glycolysis?
Sugars are converted to various forms and enter glycolysis at various stages.
A researcher is comparing the amount of proteins contained in inner and outer mitochondrial membranes. What do you expect she will find?
The amount of proteins is greater in the inner membrane.
Which is the only reaction in the citric acid cycle that produces ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation?
The formation of succinate
A researcher is studying a population of bacteria that carry out the citric acid cycle, but do so in reverse. What statements are likely true of these bacteria?
These bacteria will produce sugars from intermediates of the citric acid cycle.
Which of the following statements is true regarding triacylglycerols?
Triacylglycerols can be used to generate acetyl-CoA.
Energy released by transferring electrons along the electron transport chain is stored as potential energy in the form of:
a proton gradient
Lactic acid fermentation occurs in
bacteria and animals
An electron from NADH entering the electron transport chain would travel among components of the chain in what sequence?
complex I, coenzyme Q, complex III, cytochrome C, complex IV, oxygen
An important aspect of biology is that many proteins are used in several different processes. Which of the following protein complexes is used in both the electron transport chain and the citric acid cycle?
complex II
The citric acid cycle is a cycle because the starting molecule, _____, is regenerated at the end.
oxaloacetate
Which of the following is not an end product for an acetyl group that enters the citric acid cycle?
oxaloacetate
Which of the following processes produces the highest number of reduced electron carriers and thus the greatest amount of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation?
the citric acid cycle
If you've ever learned about beer making, you may know that some people add fruit juice to their yeast mixtures. Why?
to provide glucose to the yeast
