Circulatory System

interventricular spectum

(between left and right ventricles)

the following is a list of the steps involved in the process of homeostasis and clot removal: 1. coagulation phase 2. fibrinolysis 3. vascular phase 4. retraction 5. platelet phase The correct sequence of these steps is:

3, 5, 1, 4, 2

why do veins have relatively thin walls?

A typical vein does not need to withstand much pressure

what is released in response to a decrease in blood volume?

ADH

the cardiac pacemaker cells are located in which of the following?

SA node

abnormal patterns of cardiac activity are known as

arrhythmias

the property of heart muscle in which it contracts in the absence of neural or hormonal stimulation is called

autorhythmicity

the function of hemoglobin is to

bind and transport oxygen dioxide

Regarding the typical structure of blood vessel walls, those that have only a tunica intima are the

capillaries

malfunctioning chordae tendineae would

cause regurgitation into the atria

platelets are

cellular fragments

the function of an atrium is to

collect blood returning to the heart

a disorder resulting from the buildup of fatty deposits in the coronary arteries is called

coronary artery disease

the great and middle cardiac veins drain blood directly into the

coronary sinus

relaxation of the heart chambers is called

diastole

during their formation, RBCs

eject their nucleus

thick-walled vessels, which are large and extremely resilient are called _________ arteries

elastic

As exercise begins, ________ occur(s) as the rate of oxygen consumption in skeletal muscles increases.

extensive vasodilation

in a fetus, blood from the right atrium can flow freely to the left atrium through the ____________, thus bypassing the pulmonary circuit

foramen ovale

the primary function of white blood cells is to

help defend the body against pathogens

as blood flows through peripheral tissues, what occurs regarding the hemoglobin molecules of RBCs?

hemoglobin binds carbon dioxide and releases its bound oxygen

which of the following will cause a decrease in blood pressure?

increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)

Bradychardia

is a condition in which the heart rate is slower than normal

anemia

is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of RBCs is reduced

in general, for a given size, a typical artery __________ compared to a typical vein

is more elastic

what is the advantage of the smaller diameter of capillaries?

it slows blood flow, allowing sufficient time for capillary exchange

the average pressure in the right ventricle is _______ the pressure in the left ventricle.

much lower than

which of following correctly represents the layers associated with the heart from superficial to deep?

parietal pericardium, visceral pericardium, myocardium, endocardium

The heart is surrounded by the

pericardial cavity

a decrease in peripheral vein diameter is called what?

peripheral resistance

capillaries

permit the exchange of nutrients, dissolved gases, and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues

a person's blood type is determined by the

presence or absence of specific surface antigens on the plasma membrane

in adults, the stem cells responsible for the production of red and white blood cells originate primarily in the

red bone marrow

the process of blood clotting is an example of which function of blood?

restricting fluid losses at injury sites

flow of blood through the body

right atrium --(tricuspid valve)--> right ventricle --(pulmonary valve)--> pulmonary trunk --(pulmonary arteries)--> lungs --(pulmonary veins)--> left atrium --(bicuspid valve)--> left ventricle --(aortic valve)--> aorta ----> body ----> vena cava

what circuit carries blood to and from all parts of the body except the lungs?

systemic

consider a blood pressure reading 120/80. 120 corresponds to the

systolic pressure

a faster than normal heart rate is called

tachycardia

the term "blood pressure" refers to the pressure in ________ of the cardiovascular system

the arterial vessels

in a process called autoregulation, __________ in response to a decline in dissolved oxygen levels within a tissue

the precapillary sphincters relax

during ventricular systole,

the ventricles are contracting

which age-related change is defined as the formation of a stationary blood clot?

thrombus

the muscular layer of blood vessels is the

tunica media

as blood travels from the aorta toward the capillaries,

vascular resistance decreases

fresh whole blood is usually collected through a procedure called

venipuncture

the amount of venous blood conveyed to the heart is referred to as the

venous return

the semilunar valves prevent backflow into the

ventricles

blood flowing out of a capillary bed first enters structures called

venules